Solar eclipse of January 15, 1991

Last updated
Solar eclipse of January 15, 1991
SE1991Jan15A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma −0.2727
Magnitude 0.929
Maximum eclipse
Duration473 s (7 min 53 s)
Coordinates 36°24′S170°24′W / 36.4°S 170.4°W / -36.4; -170.4
Max. width of band277 km (172 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse23:53:51
References
Saros 131 (49 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9488

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Tuesday, January 15 and Wednesday, January 16, 1991, [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] with a magnitude of 0.929. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 3.5 days after apogee (on January 12, 1991, at 11:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller. [12]

Contents

Annularity was visible in southwestern Western Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and French Polynesia. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Indonesia, Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica.

Images

SE1991Jan15A.gif

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [13]

January 15, 1991 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1991 January 15 at 20:51:57.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1991 January 15 at 21:57:45.6 UTC
First Central Line1991 January 15 at 22:00:52.7 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1991 January 15 at 22:04:00.1 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact1991 January 15 at 23:15:21.5 UTC
Greatest Duration1991 January 15 at 23:40:06.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1991 January 15 at 23:44:29.4 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1991 January 15 at 23:50:36.9 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1991 January 15 at 23:53:51.3 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact1991 January 16 at 00:32:36.2 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1991 January 16 at 01:43:50.2 UTC
Last Central Line1991 January 16 at 01:46:55.5 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1991 January 16 at 01:50:00.3 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1991 January 16 at 02:55:44.0 UTC
January 15, 1991 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude0.92901
Eclipse Obscuration0.86306
Gamma−0.27275
Sun Right Ascension19h49m11.2s
Sun Declination-21°04'21.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'15.5"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension19h49m29.1s
Moon Declination-21°18'36.9"
Moon Semi-Diameter14'53.1"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°54'37.7"
ΔT57.6 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of January 1991
January 15
Ascending node (new moon)
January 30
Descending node (full moon)
SE1991Jan15A.png Lunar eclipse chart close-1991Jan30.png
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 131
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 143

Eclipses in 1991

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 131

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1990–1992

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [14]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1990 to 1992
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
121 January 26, 1990
SE1990Jan26A.png
Annular
−0.9457126
1990.04 Pimennys (28866343838) (cropped).jpg
Partial in Finland
July 22, 1990
SE1990Jul22T.png
Total
0.7597
131 January 15, 1991
SE1991Jan15A.png
Annular
−0.2727136
Eclipse CR 1991 a zoom.jpg
Totality in Playas del Coco,
Costa Rica
July 11, 1991
SE1991Jul11T.png
Total
−0.0041
141 January 4, 1992
SE1992Jan04A.png
Annular
0.4091146 June 30, 1992
SE1992Jun30T.png
Total
−0.7512
151 December 24, 1992
SE1992Dec24P.png
Partial
1.0711

Saros 131

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 131, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 1, 1125. It contains total eclipses from March 27, 1522 through May 30, 1612; hybrid eclipses from June 10, 1630 through July 24, 1702; and annular eclipses from August 4, 1720 through June 18, 2243. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on September 2, 2369. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 28 at 58 seconds on May 30, 1612, and the longest duration of annularity was produced by member 50 at 7 minutes, 54 seconds on January 26, 2009. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [15]

Series members 39–60 occur between 1801 and 2200:
394041
SE1810Sep28A.png
September 28, 1810
SE1828Oct09A.png
October 9, 1828
SE1846Oct20A.png
October 20, 1846
424344
SE1864Oct30A.png
October 30, 1864
SE1882Nov10A.png
November 10, 1882
SE1900Nov22A.png
November 22, 1900
454647
SE1918Dec03A.png
December 3, 1918
SE1936Dec13A.png
December 13, 1936
SE1954Dec25A.png
December 25, 1954
484950
SE1973Jan04A.png
January 4, 1973
SE1991Jan15A.png
January 15, 1991
SE2009Jan26A.png
January 26, 2009
515253
SE2027Feb06A.png
February 6, 2027
SE2045Feb16A.png
February 16, 2045
SE2063Feb28A.png
February 28, 2063
545556
SE2081Mar10A.png
March 10, 2081
SE2099Mar21A.png
March 21, 2099
SE2117Apr02A.png
April 2, 2117
575859
SE2135Apr13A.png
April 13, 2135
SE2153Apr23A.png
April 23, 2153
SE2171May05A.png
May 5, 2171
60
SE2189May15A.png
May 15, 2189

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

20 eclipse events between June 10, 1964 and August 21, 2036
June 10–11March 28–29January 14–16November 3August 21–22
117119121123125
SE1964Jun10P.png
June 10, 1964
SE1968Mar28P.png
March 28, 1968
SE1972Jan16A.png
January 16, 1972
SE1975Nov03P.png
November 3, 1975
SE1979Aug22A.png
August 22, 1979
127129131133135
SE1983Jun11T.png
June 11, 1983
SE1987Mar29H.png
March 29, 1987
SE1991Jan15A.png
January 15, 1991
SE1994Nov03T.png
November 3, 1994
SE1998Aug22A.png
August 22, 1998
137139141143145
SE2002Jun10A.png
June 10, 2002
SE2006Mar29T.png
March 29, 2006
SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
SE2013Nov03H.png
November 3, 2013
SE2017Aug21T.png
August 21, 2017
147149151153155
SE2021Jun10A.png
June 10, 2021
SE2025Mar29P.png
March 29, 2025
SE2029Jan14P.png
January 14, 2029
SE2032Nov03P.png
November 3, 2032
SE2036Aug21P.png
August 21, 2036

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1805Jun26P.gif
June 26, 1805
(Saros 114)
SE1816May27A.gif
May 27, 1816
(Saros 115)
SE1827Apr26A.gif
April 26, 1827
(Saros 116)
SE1838Mar25T.gif
March 25, 1838
(Saros 117)
SE1849Feb23A.gif
February 23, 1849
(Saros 118)
SE1860Jan23A.png
January 23, 1860
(Saros 119)
SE1870Dec22T.png
December 22, 1870
(Saros 120)
SE1881Nov21A.gif
November 21, 1881
(Saros 121)
SE1892Oct20P.gif
October 20, 1892
(Saros 122)
SE1903Sep21T.png
September 21, 1903
(Saros 123)
SE1914Aug21T.png
August 21, 1914
(Saros 124)
SE1925Jul20A.png
July 20, 1925
(Saros 125)
SE1936Jun19T.png
June 19, 1936
(Saros 126)
SE1947May20T.png
May 20, 1947
(Saros 127)
SE1958Apr19A.png
April 19, 1958
(Saros 128)
SE1969Mar18A.png
March 18, 1969
(Saros 129)
SE1980Feb16T.png
February 16, 1980
(Saros 130)
SE1991Jan15A.png
January 15, 1991
(Saros 131)
SE2001Dec14A.png
December 14, 2001
(Saros 132)
SE2012Nov13T.png
November 13, 2012
(Saros 133)
SE2023Oct14A.png
October 14, 2023
(Saros 134)
SE2034Sep12A.png
September 12, 2034
(Saros 135)
SE2045Aug12T.png
August 12, 2045
(Saros 136)
SE2056Jul12A.png
July 12, 2056
(Saros 137)
SE2067Jun11A.png
June 11, 2067
(Saros 138)
SE2078May11T.png
May 11, 2078
(Saros 139)
SE2089Apr10A.png
April 10, 2089
(Saros 140)
SE2100Mar10A.png
March 10, 2100
(Saros 141)
SE2111Feb08T.png
February 8, 2111
(Saros 142)
SE2122Jan08A.png
January 8, 2122
(Saros 143)
SE2132Dec07A.png
December 7, 2132
(Saros 144)
SE2143Nov07T.png
November 7, 2143
(Saros 145)
SE2154Oct07T.png
October 7, 2154
(Saros 146)
Saros147 31van80 SE2165Sep05A.jpg
September 5, 2165
(Saros 147)
Saros148 30van75 SE2176Aug04T.jpg
August 4, 2176
(Saros 148)
Saros149 30van71 SE2187Jul06T.jpg
July 6, 2187
(Saros 149)
Saros150 27van71 SE2198Jun04A.jpg
June 4, 2198
(Saros 150)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1817May16A.gif
May 16, 1817
(Saros 125)
SE1846Apr25H.gif
April 25, 1846
(Saros 126)
SE1875Apr06T.png
April 6, 1875
(Saros 127)
SE1904Mar17A.png
March 17, 1904
(Saros 128)
SE1933Feb24A.png
February 24, 1933
(Saros 129)
SE1962Feb05T.png
February 5, 1962
(Saros 130)
SE1991Jan15A.png
January 15, 1991
(Saros 131)
SE2019Dec26A.png
December 26, 2019
(Saros 132)
SE2048Dec05T.png
December 5, 2048
(Saros 133)
SE2077Nov15A.png
November 15, 2077
(Saros 134)
SE2106Oct26A.png
October 26, 2106
(Saros 135)
SE2135Oct07T.png
October 7, 2135
(Saros 136)
SE2164Sep16A.png
September 16, 2164
(Saros 137)
SE2193Aug26A.png
August 26, 2193
(Saros 138)

Notes

  1. "January 15–16, 1991 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  2. "Hoy, eclipse anular de sol y luna nueva". El Nuevo Herald. Miami, Florida. 1991-01-15. p. 19. Retrieved 2023-10-18 via Newspapers.com.
  3. "Marshfield area weather". Marshfield News-Herald. Marshfield, Wisconsin. 1991-01-15. p. 16. Retrieved 2023-10-18 via Newspapers.com.
  4. "AstroData". The Morning Call. Allentown, Pennsylvania. 1991-01-15. p. 16. Retrieved 2023-10-18 via Newspapers.com.
  5. "'Serious' Southland quake predicted". The Modesto Bee. Modesto, California. 1991-01-15. p. 16. Retrieved 2023-10-18 via Newspapers.com.
  6. "Dread as eclipse blots out the sun". Birmingham Evening Mail. Birmingham, West Midlands, England. 1991-01-16. p. 8. Retrieved 2023-10-18 via Newspapers.com.
  7. "Eye protection essential to watch solar eclipse". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia. 1991-01-16. p. 8. Retrieved 2023-10-18 via Newspapers.com.
  8. "Solar eclipse ominous sign". Star-Phoenix. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 1991-01-16. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-10-18 via Newspapers.com.
  9. "Eclipse further darkens mood in New Zealand". The Sault Star. Sault St. Marie, Ontario, Canada. 1991-01-16. p. 18. Retrieved 2023-10-18 via Newspapers.com.
  10. "Kiwis view ancient omen of doom". Edmonton Journal. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 1991-01-16. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-10-18 via Newspapers.com.
  11. "Visitor's Sydney". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia. 1991-01-16. p. 18. Retrieved 2023-10-18 via Newspapers.com.
  12. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  13. "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1991 Jan 15". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  14. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  15. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 131". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of July 9, 1926</span> 20th-century annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Friday, July 9 and Saturday, July 10, 1926, with a magnitude of 0.968. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.3 days before apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

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