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This list shows countries/disputed countries organized by the languages which are spoken there.
| Country/disputed territory | Status | Speakers |
|---|---|---|
| official and national | 1,570,000 (Tosk) [1] 1,200,000 (Gheg) [2] | |
| minority | 50,000 (Arvanitika) [3] 10,000 (Tosk) [1] 600,000 (Standard Albanian / Albanian immigrants) | |
| protected minority | 100,000 (Arbëreshë) [4] up to 800,000 Albanian immigrants. | |
| official | roughly 1.8 million (Gheg) [2] | |
| co-official [2] | 522,000 (Gheg) [2] | |
| official in some municipalities [2] | 32,700 (Gheg) [2] | |
| recognised minority [2] | (Gheg) [2] | |
| language of provincial identity in some municipalities [2] | 10,000 (Gheg) [2] | |
| recognised minority [2] | 7,180 (Gheg) [2] | |
| minority | 65,000 (Tosk) [1] (Gheg) [2] | |
| Total | 4,082,380 [5] (Balkans only) |
| Country | Status | Speakers |
|---|---|---|
| official | 2,960,000 [6] | |
| minority | 120,000 [6] | |
| minority | 1,410 [6] | |
| minority | 315,000 [6] | |
| minority | 440 [6] | |
| minority | 102,000 [6] | |
| recognised minority [6] | 60,000 [6] | |
| minority | 3,000 [6] | |
| minority | 6,500 [6] | |
| language of national identity [6] | 218,000 [6] | |
| recognised minority [6] | 2,210 [6] | |
| recognised minority [6] | 740 [6] | |
| minority | 83,000 [6] | |
| minority | 61,000 [6] | |
| recognised minority [6] | 50,300 [6] | |
| Total | 5,169,640 [6] |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Latgalian | unofficial, spoken in Latgale | |
| significant minority in Siberia | ||
| Latvian | official | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority in | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority in Siberia | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| Lithuanian | official | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, majority in the city of Puńsk | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority in | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority in Siberia | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Breton | minority language in | |
| Cornish | minority language in | |
| Irish | minority, co-official with English | |
| significant minority in | ||
| significant minority, mainly in Chicago, New York and Massachusetts. | ||
| significant minority, especially in Saint John and Miramichi, New Brunswick, as well as in | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| Manx | minority, very limited official use | |
| Scottish Gaelic | significant minority, official in | |
| official in | ||
| significant minority | ||
| Welsh | significant minority in | |
| spoken by about 20% of the population in | ||
| minority |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans | co-official with 10 other languages | |
| recognised minority; unofficial lingua franca | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Alsatian | regional language in | |
| Danish | official | |
| in | ||
| co-official alongside Faroese | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Faroese | co-official with Danish | |
| unofficial | ||
| Frisian | minority | |
| official recognised minority language | ||
| minority language in | ||
| Icelandic | official | |
| minority | ||
| Low German (Low Saxon) | Niederdeutsch or more usual Plattdeutsch, recognized as regional language | |
| Nederduits, recognized as regional language | ||
| Luxembourgish | co-official with French and German | |
| minority language in the Belgian Province of Luxembourg | ||
| minority language in the German Regierungsbezirk Trier ("moselfränkisch") | ||
| minority language in Moselle | ||
| significant minority in Wisconsin | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Norwegian | official, including Svalbard and Jan Mayen | |
| Scots | significant minority in Scotland | |
| minority in Ireland | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority, especially in Nova Scotia | ||
| Swedish | official | |
| co-official with Finnish. | ||
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| Plautdietsch | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Yiddish | co-official in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | official | |
| co-official with French and German | ||
| in Low Rhine Country | ||
| Africa | spoken as minority, often used together with daughter language Afrikaans | |
| Asia | historical language | |
| Oceania | Minority | |
| North America | co-official with Papiamento | |
| co-official with English and Papiamento | ||
| co-official with English | ||
| spoken in minority primarily in Michigan and Indiana | ||
| minority | ||
| South America | official | |
| unofficial, spoken in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | co-official with Tswana | |
| significant minority | ||
| co-official with French | ||
| significant minority | ||
| co-official with Swati | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Swahili | ||
| co-official with Sesotho | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| national language along with French, and other vernacular languages | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Kinyarwanda and French | ||
| co-official with French and Seychellois Creole | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with 10 other languages: unofficially regarded as the 'main' language | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Swahili | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| Asia | unofficial | |
| co-official with 21 other languages | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| co-official with Urdu | ||
| co-official with Filipino, and with regional languages as auxiliary official languages [8] | ||
| significant minority | ||
| co-official with Tamil, Mandarin, and Malay | ||
| significant minority | ||
| de facto co-official with Bengali | ||
| de facto co-official with Tamil and Sinhala | ||
| co-official with Tamil, Mandarin, and Malay | ||
| co-official with Mandarin, and Malay | ||
| Europe | significant minority | |
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| co-official with Irish, see Hiberno-English | ||
| co-official with Maltese | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| co-official with Welsh, see British English | ||
| North America | official | |
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with French, see Canadian English | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official, see Jamaican English | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| de facto, see American English | ||
| Oceania | de facto, see Australian English | |
| co-official with Fijian and Hindustani | ||
| co-official with Kiribati | ||
| co-official with Marshallese | ||
| de facto | ||
| co-official with Māori and New Zealand Sign Language; see also New Zealand English | ||
| co-official with Palauan | ||
| co-official with Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Tongan | ||
| co-official with Tuvaluan | ||
| co-official with Bislama and French | ||
| South America | official | |
| official in | ||
| Dependent entities | official language, with French | |
| co-official with Samoan | ||
| de facto | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Cook Islands Māori | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Chamorro | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Cantonese | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Norfuk | ||
| co-official with Chamorro and Carolinian | ||
| co-official with Pitkern | ||
| co-official with Spanish | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | official | |
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with French, Italian and Romansh | ||
| co-official with French and Dutch | ||
| co-official with Hungarian in the city of Sopron | ||
| co-official with Italian in South Tyrol | ||
| minority | ||
| co-official with French and Luxembourgish | ||
| co-official as auxiliary language in the Opole Voivodeship | ||
| official with other languages, language of the Swiss Guard | ||
| minority in Alsace and Lorraine | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Africa | minority | |
| co-official as auxiliary language | ||
| Asia | minority | |
| minority | ||
| North America | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority [9] | ||
| South America | minority | |
| official in some municipalities, see Brazilian German | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority (see: Colonia Tovar dialect) |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Greek | official | |
| co-official with Turkish | ||
| significant minority, widely spoken and co-official with Albanian in Himara, Dropull, Finiq and Derviçan regions | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Asia | co-official as Dari, with Pashto | |
| minority, as Tat | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority, as Judeo-Persian [10] | ||
| minority, as Tajik | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, as Tajik | ||
| minority [11] [12] | ||
| minority, as Dari and Dehwari | ||
| minority | ||
| official, as Tajik | ||
| minority [13] | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority, as Tajik | ||
| Europe | minority [14] | |
| minority [15] | ||
| minority [16] | ||
| minority [17] | ||
| minority [18] | ||
| minority [19] | ||
| minority, as Tajik and Tat | ||
| minority [20] | ||
| minority [21] | ||
| minority [22] | ||
| North America | minority | |
| minority [23] | ||
| Oceania | minority [24] |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Balochi | minority | |
| minority | ||
| significant minority in Balochistan | ||
| minority | ||
| majority in Balochistan | ||
| minority | ||
| Ossetic | majority in North Ossetia-Alania | |
| majority | ||
| minority | ||
| Caucasian Tat | minority in Dagestan | |
| minority | ||
| Tajik | minority, as Tajik | |
| minority, as Tajik | ||
| minority | ||
| official, as Tajik | ||
| minority | ||
| Kurdish | recognized minority | |
| regional | ||
| co-official with Arabic | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| Gilaki | regional, in Gilan Province | |
| Mazanderani | regional, in Māzandarān Province | |
| Luri | regional | |
| minority | ||
| Talysh | minority | |
| minority | ||
| Pashto | co-official with Dari | |
| majority in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA | ||
| minority |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Asia | official | |
| official, along with 21 others; primarily spoken in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, with significant minority in Bihar, Jharkhand and Orissa | ||
| significant minority [25] | ||
| significant minority [26] | ||
| minority [27] | ||
| minority [28] | ||
| minority [29] | ||
| minority [30] | ||
| minority. Mostly used in Karachi, where it holds the status as that of a recognized secondary language [31] [32] [33] [34] | ||
| Europe | minority [35] | |
| significant minority [36] | ||
| North America | minority [37] [38] [lower-alpha 1] | |
| minority [39] | ||
| Oceania | minority [40] |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Asia | minority | |
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Europe/Asia | minority |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Asia | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Europe | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| officially recognised minority language | ||
| minority | ||
| officially recognised minority language | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority, officially recognised minority language | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| officially recognized minority language | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| official in Šuto Orizari Municipality | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| officially recognised minority language | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| co-official in 79 rural communes | ||
| officially recognised minority language | ||
| officially recognised minority language | ||
| minority | ||
| officially recognised minority language | ||
| minority | ||
| officially recognised minority language | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| North America | minority | |
| minority |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Asia | one of the two union languages of India alongside English, official along with 21 others; official in the Indian states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand. | |
| minority, 90,000 [41] | ||
| minority, 58,000 [41] | ||
| more than half of the population can understand and speak | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Oceania | Fiji Hindi is an official language | |
| minority | ||
| minority, 20,000 speakers | ||
| Africa | significant minority, 436,000 speakers [41] | |
| minority, 37,000 speakers [41] | ||
| minority, 66,000 speakers [41] | ||
| minority, 5,300 speakers [41] | ||
| Europe | minority | |
| North America | minority, 268,000 speakers [41] | |
| minority, 650,000 speakers [42] | ||
| Caribbean | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Asia | official in Gujarat, Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli | |
| significant minority | ||
| Africa | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| North America | minority | |
| minority | ||
| Europe | significant minority | |
| Oceania | minority |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Angika | majority in Anga, significant minority in the rest of the country | |
| minority language, in Terai region | ||
| Assamese | minority | |
| official language along with 21 others | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Awadhi [43] | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| majority in Uttar Pradesh, minority in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Bhili | minority | |
| Bhojpuri | minority | |
| minority | ||
| in Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Bishnupriya Manipuri | minority | |
| minority, mostly in Manipur, Assam and Tripura | ||
| minority | ||
| Chakma | minority, mostly in Chittagong Division | |
| minority, mostly in Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh | ||
| Chhattisgarhi | majority in Chhattisgarh, minority in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Bihar | |
| Chittagonian | significant minority, major language of Chittagong Division of Bangladesh | |
| minority, mostly in Arakan and Yangon | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, mostly in Karachi | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Dhivehi | in Lakshadweep | |
| official | ||
| Dogri | in Punjab, and Azad Kashmir | |
| in Jammu and Kashmir(India), Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh | ||
| Hajong | minority, mostly in Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal | |
| minority | ||
| Halbi | in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh | |
| Kalasha-ala | minority | |
| Kalasha-mun | minority | |
| Kashmiri | official, spoken in Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir(India), Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh | |
| spoken in POK | ||
| minority, mostly by immigrants from Kashmir | ||
| Khandeshi | minority, spoken in Maharashtra, Gujarat | |
| Khowar | majority in Chitral, minority in Gilgit | |
| Kumaoni(Doteli) | majority in Uttarakhand, minority in Assam | |
| majority in Sudurpashchim Province, minority elsewhere | ||
| Lomavren | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Magadhi | official in Bihar | |
| Maithili | official in Bihar | |
| significant minority in Terai | ||
| Mal Paharia | minority, mostly in Jharkhand and West Bengal | |
| minority | ||
| Marathi | official along with 21 others, widely spoken in Maharashtra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu. | |
| minority in Sindh | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Significant minority | ||
| Significant minority | ||
| Significant minority | ||
| Significant minority | ||
| Significant minority | ||
| Significant minority | ||
| Significant minority | ||
| Marwari | primarily in Rajasthan and Gujarat and it is also spoken in west Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Eastern U.P., Assam, and northeastern states | |
| minority | ||
| Nepali | unofficial, significant minority | |
| unofficial | ||
| official in Sikkim, regional language in West Bengal | ||
| unofficial | ||
| official | ||
| unofficial | ||
| Oriya | minority | |
| official in Orissa | ||
| Punjabi | official with others, in Punjab | |
| majority in Punjab | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Rajasthani | official along with others, in Rajasthan | |
| minority | ||
| Rajbanshi | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Rohingya | minority, mostly in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, mostly in Arakan, Myanmar | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, mostly in Karachi | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Sindhi | minority | |
| official with others | ||
| minority | ||
| majority in Sindh | ||
| minority[ citation needed ] | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Sinhala | official | |
| Sylheti | major language of Sylhet Division of Bangladesh | |
| significant minority in the state of Assam, especially in Barak Valley | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Tanchangya | minority; mainly in Chittagong Division, related to Chakma, Chittagonian, Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit Rohingya and Bengali language | |
| minority; mainly in Indian states of Assam, Tripura and Mizoram | ||
| minority; mainly in Rakhine State, and few of them in Chin State and Yangon Division of Myanmar | ||
| Urdu | minority | |
| significant minority | ||
| co-official as Hindustani with English and Fijian | ||
| co-official with 21 others; understood and spoken in the Indian states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand. | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| co-official with English | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | spoken, not official | |
| co-official with Dutch and German | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| rarely spoken; co-official in the | ||
| co-official with Luxembourgish and German | ||
| official | ||
| minority, from immigration from DRC | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority in Basque Country and Catalonia | ||
| co-official with German, Italian, and Romansh | ||
| minority in London, Southern England, South East England, Scotland and Wales (as spoken by Huguenots); official in Channel Islands | ||
| Africa | unofficial, but widely used | |
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Kirundi | ||
| co-official with English | ||
| co-official with Sango | ||
| co-official with Arabic | ||
| co-official with Arabic and Comorian | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Arabic | ||
| co-official with Spanish and Portuguese | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Malagasy | ||
| official | ||
| de facto | ||
| de facto | ||
| de facto | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with English and Kinyarwanda | ||
| official; Wolof most widely spoken | ||
| co-official with English and Seychellois Creole | ||
| official | ||
| unofficial, but widely used | ||
| Asia | minority | |
| minority | ||
| administrative language | ||
| unofficial, but spoken by the majority | ||
| in Puducherry, co-official with Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam, spoken in Chandannagar with Bengali | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| North America | co-official with English; majority in | |
| official | ||
| co-official with Haitian Creole | ||
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| minority language, especially in Louisiana, Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire [9] | ||
| Oceania | official | |
| official | ||
| co-official with English and Bislama | ||
| official | ||
| South America | minority | |
| minority, significantly in RJ/ES and other coastal states; see French, Belgian and Swiss Brazilians | ||
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| minority |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | unofficial, but widely spoken; some 70% of the population | |
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| official status in Istria | ||
| significant minority; also minority language in | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| significant minority | ||
| unofficial, but widely spoken; some 66% of the population | ||
| unofficial, but widely spoken | ||
| significant minority | ||
| official | ||
| co-official in Koper, Izola and Piran | ||
| significant minority; co-official with French, German, and Romansh | ||
| official | ||
| Africa | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Americas | significant minority | |
| co-official in some municipalities, see Talian dialect | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Oceania | significant minority |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | official | |
| minority in Olivenza | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Africa | official | |
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Spanish and French | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Asia | co-official with Tetum | |
| minority; see Brazilians in Japan | ||
| co-official with Chinese (Cantonese and Mandarin) | ||
| minority in Malacca; see Kristang language | ||
| minority in Goa State | ||
| North America | minority | |
| minority | ||
| South America | official, see Brazilian Portuguese | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Oceania | co-official with Tetum | |
| minority |
The following is a list of the 22 countries where Spanish is an official language:
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | official | |
| spoken by majority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| unofficial – majority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Africa | co-official with French and Portuguese | |
| not official – minority | ||
| co-official with Arabic | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| Asia | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| former official language, spoken by significant minority; see Spanish language in the Philippines | ||
| North America | plurality, but unofficial | |
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| de facto, official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| Co-official language in New Mexico and Puerto Rico. Spoken by a majority in PR and a significant minority in NM. Minority elsewhere [9] | ||
| South America | de facto | |
| co-official with Quechua and Aymara and another 35 languages | ||
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with Guaraní | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| Oceania | co-official with Rapa Nui |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Aragonese | unofficial, but recognised in | |
| Aromanian | minority | |
| officially recognised minority language | ||
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Catalan | official | |
| spoken in Northern Catalonia | ||
| a significant minority in Alghero | ||
| co-official with Spanish in | ||
| Corsican | regional language in | |
| minority in | ||
| Sardinian | co-official in | |
| Emilian-Romagnol | co-official with Italian | |
| significant minority; co-official with Italian in Emilia-Romagna | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Galician | co-official with Spanish in | |
| minority, from immigration | ||
| minority, from immigration | ||
| minority, from immigration | ||
| minority, from immigration | ||
| minority, from immigration | ||
| minority, from immigration | ||
| minority, from immigration | ||
| minority, from immigration | ||
| minority, from immigration | ||
| Jèrriais | unofficial | |
| unofficial | ||
| Latin | official, but not spoken | |
| Mirandese | co-official with Portuguese in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso | |
| Occitan | minority | |
| recognised minority language | ||
| co-official with Catalan and Spanish in | ||
| Romanian | significant minority | |
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| officially recognised minority language | ||
| significant minority | ||
| official | ||
| official | ||
| officially recognised minority language, co-official in province of Vojvodina | ||
| minority | ||
| co-official along with Russian and Ukrainian | ||
| officially recognised minority language | ||
| Romansh | co-official with French, Italian, and German | |
| Venetan | significant minority, from immigration | |
| officially recognised minority language, from immigration | ||
| minority | ||
| recognised language in | ||
| recognised minority language | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| officially recognised minority language |
| Language | Country/disputed territory | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Belarusian | official | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Bosnian | official | |
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority, official in Sandžak | ||
| significant minority | ||
| Bulgarian | official | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Croatian | co-official with German and Hungarian in Burgenland | |
| co-official with Bosnian and Serbian | ||
| official | ||
| co-official in Molise | ||
| minority | ||
| official in the municipalities of Carașova and Lupac [44] | ||
| co-official in province of Vojvodina with 5 other languages | ||
| Czech | minority | |
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Kashubian | official in Pomerania | |
| Macedonian | minority, official in Pustec Municipality | |
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, official in two municipalities | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Montenegrin | minority | |
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| minority, official in some municipalities | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Polish | significant minority | |
| significant minority | ||
| official | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority; see Polish Brazilian | ||
| minority | ||
| not official – minority [9] | ||
| Russian | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| co-official with Belarusian | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| co-official with Kazakh | ||
| minority | ||
| co-official with Kyrgyz | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| co-official with Ukrainian and Romanian | ||
| significant minority | ||
| co-official in Gagauzia with Gagauz and Romanian | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority, official in some regions | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| Rusyn | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| official in Zakarpattia | ||
| co-official in The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina with Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, and Croatian. | ||
| Serbian | official with Croatian and Bosnian | |
| significant minority | ||
| co-official with Albanian | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| co-official in Caraşova | ||
| official | ||
| Slovak | Co-official | |
| official | ||
| Slovene | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| co-official in Friuli-Venezia Giulia with Friulian, Italian and German | ||
| official | ||
| minority in Ohio [45] | ||
| Sorbian, Lower | regional language in Brandenburg | |
| Sorbian, Upper | regional language in Brandenburg and Saxony | |
| Ukrainian | minority | |
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| co-official with Romanian and Russian | ||
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Mongolian | official | |
| regional, co-official with Chinese in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region | ||
| Kalmyk Oirat | official language in | |
| Daur | minority, spoken by Daur people in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijani | official | |
| regional | ||
| minority | ||
| regional | ||
| co-official in Dagestan | ||
| minority | ||
| regional | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Uyghur | regional, co-official with Chinese in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region | |
| minority | ||
| Uzbek | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| Kazakh | minority | |
| regional, co-official with Chinese in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region | ||
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Kyrgyz | minority | |
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Turkish | official | |
| co-official with Greek | ||
| recognized regional lang. | ||
| recognized regional lang. | ||
| recognized regional lang. | ||
| recognized minority lang. | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority, from immigration from Palestine | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority, from immigration from North Macedonia and Bulgaria | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus | ||
| significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus, via UK | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority, from immigration from Germany | ||
| significant minority, from immigration from Georgia | ||
| significant minority, from immigration from Algeria | ||
| significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus and Algeria | ||
| significant minority, especially in big cities, such as New York City, Philadelphia and Chicago | ||
| significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus | ||
| significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus | ||
| significant minority, also from immigration from Algeria | ||
| Turkmen | official | |
| majority in northern Iraq | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| spoken in Stavropol Krai | ||
| minority | ||
| Gagauz | official language of the autonomous region of Gagauzia, Moldova | |
| recognized minority language | ||
| recognized minority language | ||
| Tatar | official language of the Republic of Tatarstan | |
| spoken in Russia and in former Soviet Union | ||
| minority | ||
| Crimean Tatar | spoken in | |
| minority language in Dobroudja | ||
| minority | ||
| Siberian Tatar | in Siberia |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Estonian | official | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Finnish | co-official with Swedish except in Åland, where Swedish is the only official language. | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Hungarian | official | |
| minority, co-official in Vojvodina | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Sami | official minority language in Lapland. | |
| official | ||
| non-recognised minority | ||
| official regional minority language |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Amharic | official | |
| Hebrew | Judaism | Liturgical language of Judaism |
| official | ||
| Maltese | official | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Tigrinya | co-official with Arabic | |
| minority |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Badaga | minority | |
| Brahui | minority, spoken in Balochistan | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Chenchu | minority | |
| Duruwa | minority | |
| Gondi | minority | |
| Kannada | official language in the state of Karnataka. Also spoken in the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, Goa. With significant minorities in Delhi, Gurgaon, Kolkata and Gujarat. | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Kolami | minority | |
| Koraga | minority | |
| Kota | minority, endangered Dravidian language | |
| Koya | minority | |
| Kui | minority | |
| Kumarbhag Paharia | minority | |
| Kurukh | minority | |
| minority | ||
| Maria | minority | |
| Nagarchal | minority, endangered Dravidian language | |
| Pardhan | minority | |
| Sauria Paharia | minority | |
| minority | ||
| Toda | minority, endangered Dravidian language | |
| Telugu | official Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Yanam | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Tamil | official language in the state of Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Also spoken in the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala (Palakkad region). With significant minorities in Delhi, Gurgaon, Uttar Pradesh (NOIDA, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, Varanasi, Allahabad), Bengal (Kolkata and Durgapur), Gujarat (Ahmadabad, Baroda, Surat & Jamnagar), Rajasthan(Jaipur and Ajmer), small minorities in Bihar(Patna and Gaya) and Manipur. | |
| official (national) language along with Sinhala, 1,229,000 Muslims, 4,656,000 Hindu [51] | ||
| official language along with English, Mandarin, and Malay, 127,000 speakers [51] | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, 35,000 speakers [51] | ||
| significant minority, 200,000 speakers [51] | ||
| significant minority, 78,000 speakers [51] | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority 1.8 million speakers [51] | ||
| minority, 33,000 speakers [51] | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority, 115,200 speakers [51] | ||
| significant minority, 151,000 speakers [51] | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, 101,000 speakers [51] | ||
| significant minority, 600,000 speakers [51] | ||
| minority, 34,200 speakers [51] | ||
| Significant minority, 101,000 speakers or 0.2% [51] | ||
| significant minority, 250,000 speakers [51] | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Malayalam | official at state of Kerala and Union Territory of Lakshwadeep. co-official in Puducherry (Mahe) | |
| significant minority, 319,000 speakers [52] | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, 51,000 speakers [52] | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, 18,000 speakers [52] | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, 172,000 speakers [52] | ||
| minority, 6,000 speakers [52] | ||
| minority, 69,000 speakers [52] | ||
| minority, 63,000 speakers [52] | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, 24,000 speakers [52] | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, 84,000 speakers [52] | ||
| Tulu | minority | |
| minority; mainly in the region of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and in the state of Maharashtra | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| significant minority | ||
| Kodava | minority | |
| Ollari | minority |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Japanese | national | |
| significant minority. See Japanese in the Philippines | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Official in Angaur | ||
| minority | ||
| Ryukyuan | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Korean | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, co-official with Chinese in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Jeju | minority |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Basque | ||
| majority in Northern Basque Country | ||
| co-official with Spanish in | ||
| minority, from immigration. See Basque Venezuelan | ||
| Nihali | minority, endangered language | |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Georgian | official | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Mingrelian language | significant language | |
| significant language | ||
| Svan language | minority | |
| Laz language | significant language | |
| minority |
Countries identified Chinese as a primary, administrative, or native language Countries with more than 5,000,000 Chinese speakers Countries with more than 1,000,000 Chinese speakers Countries with more than 500,000 Chinese speakers Countries with more than 100,000 Chinese speakers |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Asia | minority | |
| minority | ||
| official | ||
| co-official with English and Cantonese | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| co-official with Portuguese and Cantonese | ||
| significant minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| co-official with English, Malay and Tamil | ||
| official; national with 16 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (incl. Tao), Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dailect | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Europe | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| North America | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority [9] | ||
| Oceania | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| South America | minority | |
| minority | ||
| regional | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Asia | regional | |
| minority | ||
| North America | minority | |
| minority |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Asia | minority | |
| minority | ||
| regional | ||
| co-official with English and Mandarin | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| co-official with Portuguese and Mandarin | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Europe | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| North America | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Oceania | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| South America | minority | |
| minority | ||
| regional | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Asia | minority | |
| minority | ||
| regional | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, lingua franca in Penang | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| widely spoken among the older generation, still a minority for the younger generation | ||
| national, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect) (Min Nan), Matsu dialect (Min Dong) and Wuqiu dialect (Pu-Xian Min), with 16 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (incl. Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin and Taiwanese Hakka | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Europe | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| North America | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Oceania | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| South America | minority | |
| minority | ||
| regional | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority |
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Asia | minority | |
| minority | ||
| regional | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| national with 16 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (incl. Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Europe | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| North America | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Oceania | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| South America | minority | |
| minority | ||
| regional | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Hui | regional | |
| Jin | regional | |
| Gan | regional | |
| Ping | regional | |
| Xiang | regional | |
| Greater Bai | regional |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Burmese [53] | official | |
| minority | ||
| minority, 50,000 p. | ||
| minority | ||
| Dzongkha | official | |
| Tibetan [54] | minority, official in Tibet Autonomous Region | |
| minority, in Upper Mustang | ||
| minority | ||
| Hani [55] | minority, in Yunnan province. | |
| minority, called "Hà Nhì" | ||
| minority, | ||
| Karen [53] | minority, 11,000 p. | |
| minority, 7 mi. p., Kayin state | ||
| minority, 1 mi. p., | ||
| minority, 70,000 p. | ||
| Lahu [56] | minority, 720,000 peoples, in Yunnan province. | |
| minority | ||
| minority, 150,000 peoples | ||
| minority, 100,000 peoples | ||
| minority | ||
| minority, called "La Hủ" | ||
| Meithei | recognized minority, spoken by 1.25 mi. p. in Manipur and others | |
| Nuosu (Yi, Lolo) | minority, spoken by 7.76 mi. of Yi people in South China [57] | |
| minority, called "Lô Lô". |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Amis | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Sakizaya | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Kavalan | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Paiwan | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Bunun | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Puyuma | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Atayal | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Seediq | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Truku | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan languages and Tao language), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Saisiyat | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Thao | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Rukai | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Tsou | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Kanakanavu | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Saaroa | national with other 15 recognized Indigenous Taiwanese languages (Formosan and Tao), Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien (incl. Kinmen dialect), Taiwanese Hakka, Matsu dialect and Wuqiu dialect | |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Bajau | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Brunei Malay | regional | |
| minority | ||
| Coastal Kadazan | minority | |
| Iban | regional | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Malagasy | minority | |
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| Sama | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Yakan | regional | |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Fijian | official |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Carolinian | official | |
| minority | ||
| Chuukese | regional | |
| Gilbertese | minority | |
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Kosraean | regional | |
| Marshallese | official | |
| Nauruan | official | |
| Pohnpeian | regional | |
| Sosorolese | regional | |
| Tobian | regional | |
| Ulithian | regional | |
| Yapese | regional |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Cook Islands Māori | official | |
| Futunan | official | |
| Hawaiian | official | |
| Māori | co-official with English and New Zealand Sign Language | |
| Niuean | minority | |
| official | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Rapa Nui | official | |
| Samoan | official | |
| official | ||
| Tahitan | official | |
| Tokelauan | official | |
| Tongan | official | |
| Tuvaluan | official | |
| Wallisian | official |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Acehnese | minority | |
| Balinese | minority | |
| Banjarese | minority | |
| Cham [58] | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Indonesian | official | |
| co-official with Tetum | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| widely spoken, the people were historically in charged to colonize Dutch East Indies and Indonesia has become the biggest work force in Taiwan | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Jarai [59] | minority | |
| minority | ||
| Javanese | regional | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Lampung | minority | |
| Madurese | minority | |
| Makassarese | minority | |
| Malay | official | |
| official | ||
| co-official | ||
| regional | ||
| significant minority | ||
| significant minority from historical event, see Japanese Empire | ||
| minority | ||
| Minangkabau | regional | |
| regional | ||
| minority | ||
| Palauan | official | |
| Rejang | minority | |
| Sasak | minority | |
| Tetum | official |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Evenki | minority, in Siberia | |
| minority, in Evenki Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia | ||
| minority | ||
| Nanai (Hezhen) | minority, in Khabarovsk Krai | |
| minority, in Heilongjiang Province | ||
| Manchu | in North East china |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Navajo | minority | |
| Apache | minority | |
| Chiricahua | minority | |
| Jicarilla | minority | |
| Lipan Apache | minority | |
| Plains Apache | minority | |
| Mescalero | minority | |
| Western Apache | minority |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Cherokee | minority; mostly spoken in the region of | |
| Erie (Language) | minority |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Hopi | officially; in Hopi Reservation Hopi, AZ | |
| Tübatulabal | minority | |
| Tongva | minority; in Los Angeles, CA | |
| Numic | minority |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Bahnar [61] | minority, 227,716 p. in south Vietnam (2009) | |
| Bru [62] | minority, 69,000 p. in south Laos. | |
| minority, 74,500 p. in central Vietnam (2009) | ||
| minority | ||
| Khasi | official language in Meghalaya | |
| minority | ||
| Khmer [63] | official | |
| minority, 1.26 mi. p. in south Vietnam | ||
| minority | ||
| Khmu [62] | minority, 621,000 p. | |
| minority, 73,000 p. | ||
| minority, 10,000 p. | ||
| minority | ||
| Kuy [64] | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Mnong [61] | minority | |
| minority | ||
| Mon | Recognised regional language | |
| minority | ||
| Muong [61] | minority, spoken by 1.6 mi. Muong peoples in north Vietnam | |
| Vietnamese | official | |
| minority [65] | ||
| minority [9] | ||
| minority, 0.21 mi.p. [66] | ||
| minority, 0.6 mi.p. [67] | ||
| minority, 0.22 mi.p. | ||
| minority, 0.3 mi.p. | ||
| minority, 0.1 mi.p. | ||
| Wa [68] | minority, 0.9 mi. peoples in Shan state | |
| minority, 0.4 mi. peoples in China's Yunnan Province. |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Bouyei [69] | minority, in south China | |
| minority, called "Giáy", in north Vietnam | ||
| Lao | official | |
| minority, known as Isan , 20 mi. p. in northern and eastern Thailand | ||
| Thai | official | |
| minority, spoken by Dai people in south China, noted as Tai Lü and Tai Nüa | ||
| minority, | ||
| minority, 1.6 mi. p., as Thái dialect in north Vietnam | ||
| Shan [53] | minority, but majority in Shan state | |
| minority, in north-west | ||
| Nung [61] | minority, spoken by 1 mi. p. in north Vietnam | |
| Tày [61] | minority, spoken by 1.6 mi. p. in north Vietnam | |
| Zhuang | minority, [70] 18 mi. peoples, most in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Hmong [71] (Miao) | minority | |
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| minority | ||
| Mienic (Yao) | minority | |
| minority, called "Dao" | ||
| minority | ||
| minority |
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Yolŋu | minority | |
| Gurindji | minority | |
| Ngaanyatjarra | minority | |
| Kartu | minority | |
| Karnic | minority | |
| Yotayotic | minority | |
| Yuin–Kuric | minority | |
| Warlpiri | minority | |
| Kalaw Lagaw Ya | minority | |
| Warrongo | minority |
Most languages of Europe belong to the Indo-European language family. Out of a total European population of 744 million as of 2018, some 94% are native speakers of an Indo-European language. Within Indo-European, the three largest phyla in Europe are Romance, Germanic, and Slavic; they have more than 200 million speakers each and together account for close to 90% of Europeans. Smaller phyla of Indo-European found in Europe include Hellenic, Baltic, Albanian, Celtic, and Armenian ; Indo-Aryan, though a large subfamily of Indo-European, has a relatively small number of speakers in Europe.
The Demographics of Greece refer to the demography of the population that inhabits the Greek peninsula. The population of Greece was estimated by the United Nations to be 10,445,365 in 2021.
Pakistan had a population of 213,222,917 according to the final results of the 2017 Census. This figure includes Pakistan's four provinces, Islamabad Capital Territory, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan. Pakistan is the world's fifth most populous country.
This article is about the demographic features of the population of Albania, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The demography of the Albania is monitored by the Institute of Statistics of Albania. The institute has performed demographic censuses since the 1920s. The latest census in Albania was performed in April 2011, and has been deemed as unreliable both within and outside Albania.
Bangladesh is the eighth-most populated country in the world with almost 2.2% of the world's population. As per the final results of the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, the country's population is 169,828,911.
Azerbaijanis, Azeris, or Azerbaijani Turks are a Turkic ethnic group living mainly in northwestern Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan. They are predominantly Shia Muslims. They comprise the largest ethnic group in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the second-largest ethnic group in neighboring Iran and Georgia. They speak the Azerbaijani language, belonging to the Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages and are of mixed Indigenous Caucasian, Iranian and Turkic ancestry.
A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory. Such people are termed linguistic minorities or language minorities. With a total number of 196 sovereign states recognized internationally and an estimated number of roughly 5,000 to 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, the vast majority of languages are minority languages in every country in which they are spoken. Some minority languages are simultaneously also official languages, such as Irish in Ireland or the numerous indigenous languages of Bolivia. Likewise, some national languages are often considered minority languages, insofar as they are the national language of a stateless nation.
This article details the geographical distribution of speakers of the German language, regardless of the legislative status within the countries where it is spoken. In addition to the German-speaking area in Europe, German-speaking minorities are present in many countries and on all six inhabited continents.
A national language is a language that has some connection—de facto or de jure—with a nation. There is little consistency in the use of this term. One or more languages spoken as first languages in the territory of a country may be referred to informally or designated in legislation as national languages of the country. National languages are mentioned in over 150 world constitutions.
Kenya is a multilingual country. The two official languages of Kenya, Swahili and English are widely spoken as lingua francas; however, including second-language speakers, Swahili is more widely spoken than English. Swahili is a Bantu language native to East Africa and English is inherited from British colonial rule.

Juba Arabic, also known since 2011 as South Sudanese Arabic, is a lingua franca spoken mainly in Equatoria Province in South Sudan, and derives its name from the South Sudanese capital, Juba. It is also spoken among communities of people from South Sudan living in towns in Sudan. The pidgin developed in the 19th century, among descendants of Sudanese soldiers, many of whom were recruited from southern Sudan. Residents of other large towns in South Sudan, notably Malakal and Wau, do not generally speak Juba Arabic, tending towards the use of Arabic closer to Sudanese Arabic, in addition to local languages. Reportedly, it is the most spoken language in South Sudan despite government attempts to discourage its use due to its association with past Arab rule.
The geographical distribution of speakers of Macedonian refers to the total number of native speakers of Macedonian, an East South Slavic language that serves as the official language of North Macedonia. Estimates of the number of native and second language speakers of Macedonian varies; the number of native speakers in the country ranges from 1,344,815 according to the 2002 census in North Macedonia to 1,476,500 per linguistic database Ethnologue in 2016. Estimates of the total number of speakers in the world include 3.5 million people. Macedonian is studied and spoken as a second language by all ethnic minorities in the country.
Bangladeshis are the citizens of Bangladesh, a South Asian country centered on the transnational historical region of Bengal along the eponymous bay.
South Sudan, officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia, Sudan, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Kenya. Its population was estimated at 10,913,164 in 2022. Juba is the capital and largest city.
South Sudan is a multilingual country, with over 60 indigenous languages spoken. The official language of the country is English which was introduced in the region during the colonial era.
Many countries and national censuses currently enumerate or have previously enumerated their populations by languages, native language, home language, level of knowing language or a combination of these characteristics.
The Kosovo Agency of Statistics monitors various demographic features of the population of Kosovo, such as population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Censuses, normally conducted at ten-year intervals, record the demographic characteristics of the population. According to the first census conducted after the 2008 declaration of independence in 2011, the permanent population of Kosovo had reached 1,810,366.
This article details the geographical distribution of speakers of the Italian language, regardless of the legislative status within the countries where it is spoken. In addition to the Italian-speaking area in Europe, Italian-speaking minorities are present in few countries.
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