1300s (decade)

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The 1300s was a decade of the Julian Calendar that began on 1 January 1300 and ended on 31 December 1309.

Contents

Events

1300

This section is transcluded from 1300. (edit | history)

1301

This section is transcluded from 1301. (edit | history)

January– March

April– June

July– September

October– December

By place

Middle East
  • Spring – Sultan Osman I calls for a military campaign to strike deep into Byzantine Bithynia. During the campaign, Ottoman forces capture the towns of İnegöl and Yenişehir. The later town will be transformed into a capital city, as Osman moves his administration and personal household within its walls. By the end of the year, Ottoman forces begin blockading the major Byzantine city of Nicaea. [7]

1302

This section is transcluded from 1302. (edit | history)

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1303

This section is transcluded from 1303. (edit | history)

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

1304

This section is transcluded from 1304. (edit | history)

January – March

  • January 11 – Messengers from King Edward of England arrive at Kinclaven Castle in Scotland to discuss peace with Scottish noble John Comyn. [38]
  • January 18 – In France, King Philip the Fair issues a mandate at Toulouse to halt the threat of a civil war, declaring that "For the good of our realm... we expressly forbid and most strictly prohibit wars, battles, homicides, the burning of towns or houses, assaults or attacks on peasants or those who plow, or doing anything similar to our vassals and subjects, regardless of status or condition, in any place, or in any part of the realm," and adds that "the rash transgressors of these statutes and inhibitions ought to be punished as disturbers of the peace, regardless of contrary custom, or rather corruption allegedly followed in any part of the said realm." [39] The action comes after Philip's meeting with Franciscan friar Bernard Délicieux concerning the Dominican Inquisition, but the King stops short of halting the Inquisition entirely despite Delicieux's claim that there had not been a single heretic among all the Albigensians for many years. [40]
  • January 31 – Cardinal Nicolò Albertini de Prato is dispatched by Pope Benedict XI as the papal legate to oversee negotiation of peace between Tuscany, Romagna and the Marca Trevigiana. [41]
  • February 9 – War of Scottish Independence: Scottish nobles led by Robert the Bruce and John Comyn ("John the Red"), negotiate a peace treaty with King Edward I of England ("Edward Longshanks"). His terms are accepted, and the Scots submit to English rule. In return, they are granted life and liberty under their old laws and freedom from the forfeiture of their lands. A few prominent nobles are singled out for temporary banishment – among them John de Soules, guardian of Scotland, who is exiled to France. No terms are offered to William Wallace, Edward's most wanted enemy, who remains defiantly at large despite every effort of Edward to capture him. [42] [43]
  • February 20 – Battle of Happrew: Scottish rebels led by William Wallace and Simon Fraser fight guerilla warfare against King Edward I of England. They defend themselves against a vanguard of English knights at Peebles, in the Scottish Borders. During the skirmish, the Scots are defeated and routed. Wallace and Fraser narrowly escape being captured.
  • March 17 – Cardinal Albertini, the papal legate and peacemaker, enters Florence and is granted special powers by the government to facilitate his mission. [41]
  • March 23 – John I of Arborea, nicknamed "Chiano" and the ruler of western Sardinia as Judge of Arborea dies. He is succeeded by his sons Marianus III and Andrew

April – June

July – September

October – December

By place

Byzantine Empire
  • Battle of Skafida: Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 10,000 men) to halt the expansion of the Bulgarians in Thrace. The two armies meet near Sozopol on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. During the battle, the Bulgarian army led by Tsar Theodore Svetoslav is defeated and routed. The Byzantines, infatuated with the chase of the retreating enemy, crowd on a bridge – which possibly is sabotaged, and break down. The Bulgarians capture many Byzantine soldiers and some nobles are held for ransom. Svetoslav secures his territorial gains and stabilizes himself as the sole ruler of the Bulgarian Empire (until 1322). [56]
  • The Byzantines lose the island of Chios, in the Aegean Sea, to the Genoese under Admiral Benedetto I Zaccaria. He establishes an autonomous lordship and justifies the act to the Byzantine court as necessary to prevent the island from being captured by Turkish pirates. Benedetto is granted the island as a fief for a period of 10 years. [57] [58]
Asia

By topic

Architecture

1305

This section is transcluded from 1305. (edit | history)

January – March

April – June

July – September

October – December

By place

1306

This section is transcluded from 1306. (edit | history)

January – March

April – June

July – September

October – December

By location

Asia

By topic

Economy
  • In London, a city ordinance decrees that heating with coal is forbidden when Parliament is in session (the ordinance is not particularly effective). [94]
Religion

1307

This section is transcluded from 1307. (edit | history)

January – March

April – June

July – September

October – December

By place

Europe
Britain
Asia

By topic

Cities and Towns

1308

This section is transcluded from 1308. (edit | history)

January – March

  • January 25 – King Edward II marries the 13-year-old Isabella of France, daughter of King Philip IV of France ("Philip the Fair"). The marriage takes place at Boulogne and Edward leaves his friend and favourite, Piers Gaveston, as regent in his absence. Isabella's wardrobe indicates her wealth and style – she has dresses of silk, velvet, taffeta and cloth along with numerous furs; she has over 72 headdresses and coifs. Isabella brings with her two gold crowns, gold and silver dinnerware and 419 yards of linen. Meanwhile, Edward alienates the nobles by placing Gaveston in such a powerful position, who react by signing the Boulogne agreement on January 31. [113] [114]
  • February 1 – Herman I the Tall Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (and co-ruler of Brandenburg with Otto IV), dies and is succeeded as Margrave by his son John V.
  • February 25 – Edward II is crowned at Westminster Abbey under the guidance of Henry Woodlock, bishop of Winchester. During the ceremony, Piers Gaveston is given the honour of carrying the crown. At the banquet that followed, Edward spends more time with Gaveston than with his wife Isabella of France. Isabella's family, who have travelled with her from France, leave to report back to Philip IV of Edward's favouritism for Gaveston over Isabella. As part of the coronation, Edward swears an oath to uphold "the rightful laws and customs which the community of the realm shall have chosen". [115] [116]
  • March 8 – King Denis of Portugal, "the Poet King", grants Póvoa de Varzim a charter, the Foral , giving royal lands to 54 families, who found a municipality known as Póvoa around Praça Velha.
  • March 18 – Brothers Andrei Rurik and Lev II Rurik become the co-monarchs of Ruthenia (now part of Ukraine and Poland, with a capital at Lviv), upon the death of their father, King Yuri I of Galicia. The two brothers will reign until their deaths in 1323 at the Battle of Berestia against Mongol invaders.

April – June

July – September

October – December

By place

Europe
Scotland
Asia

By topic

Literature

1309

This section is transcluded from 1309. (edit | history)

January – March

April – June

  • April 24 – Spanish kings James II of Aragon and Ferdinand IV of Castile persuade Pope Clement V to grant the papal bull Indesinentis cure, authorizing them approval and church financial support for a crusade to rid the Iberian peninsula of Islam, as well as to conquer Corsica and Sardinia. [139] The two monarchs fail to mention their collaboration with the Muslim Marinid Empire, and use the papal bull to plan a blockade of the Strait of Gibraltar with their combined fleet of 40 warships on their mission to expel the Saracen forces from Spain. [140]
  • April 29 – Pope Clement V issues the papal bull Prioribus decanis granting King Ferdinand IV 1⁄10th of clergy taxes collected in Castile, in order to finance the war against Granada. [141]
  • April – After his ascent to the throne, the Emir Nasr ad-Din Muhammad of Granada sends envoys to the Marinid court at Fez, in Morocco. [142]
  • May 5 – Robert the Wise becomes the new King of Naples upon the death of his father, Charles the Lame.
  • May 12 – Marinid Sultan Abu al-Rabi Sulayman launches an attack on Ceuta. He concludes an alliance with King James II of Castile, and concedes commercial benefits to Castilian merchants. Abu al-Rabi also sends 1,000 measures of wheat to Aragon. A few months later, Marinid forces, without Castilian support, occupy Ceuta and expel Saracen forces from Morocco. [143]
  • June 15 – The second coronation of Charles I as King of Hungary takes place at Székesfehérvár after a first attempt in 1301 was not recognized.

July – September

October – December

By place

England
Cities and Towns

Births

Transcluding articles: 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, and 1309

1300

1301

1302

1303

1304

1305

1306

1307

1308

1309

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, and 1309

1300

1301

1302

1303

1304

1305

1306

1307

1308

1309

References

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  3. 1 2 3 Jeffrey Hamilton, The Plantagenets: History of a Dynasty (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010) p.78
  4. ↑ Satish Chandra, History of Medieval India: 800–1700 (Orient Longman, 2007) p. 97 ISBN   978-81-250-3226-7.
  5. ↑ "Finalment, el tractat fou signat per Jaume II ale 16 de setembre de 1301, amb contingut practicament igual que la proposta que ja hem comentat del rei de Granada." ("Finally, the treaty was signed by James II on September 16, 1301, with practically the same content as the proposal we have already commented on from the King of Granada.") Maria Teresa Ferrer i Mallol, La frontera amb l'Islam en el segle XIV cristians i sarraïns al país Valencia ("The border with Islam in the 14th century: Christians and Saracens in the Country of Valencia") (Institució Milà i Fontanals, 1988) p. 77
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  30. ↑ Jeffrey Hamilton, The Plantagenets: History of a Dynasty (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010) p.79
  31. ↑ Armstrong, Pete (2003). Osprey: Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–1298, pp. 86–87. ISBN   1-84176-510-4.
  32. ↑ Fiona Watson, Under the Hammer: Edward I and Scotland, 1286-1307 (Birlinn, 2013) p.176
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  38. ↑ Michèle S. Duck, The Wars of Independence, 1249–1328 (Hodder Education, 2022)
  39. ↑ Justine Firnhaber-Baker, Violence and the State in Languedoc, 1250-1400 (Cambridge University Press, 2014) p.60
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  41. 1 2 John A. Scott, Dante's Political Purgatory (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016) p.28
  42. 1 2 Armstrong, Pete (2003). Osprey: Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–1298, p. 87. ISBN   1-84176-510-4.
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  44. 1 2 Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 153. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN   0-304-35730-8.
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  47. ↑ Fegley, Randall (2002). The Golden Spurs of Kortrijk: How the Knights of France Fell to the Foot Soldiers of Flanders in 1302, p. 105. McFarland & Co. ISBN   0786480548.
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  67. 1 2 Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN   0-304-35730-8.
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  92. ↑ Banarsi Prasad Saksena (1970). "The Khalijs: Alauddin Khalji". In Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (ed.). A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206–1526, p. 394. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress/People's Publishing House. OCLC   31870180.
  93. ↑ Jackson, Peter (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History, p. 230. ISBN   978-0521-54329-3.
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  96. 1 2 Twitchett, Dennis; Franke, Herbert, eds. (1994). The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 505. ISBN   978-0-521-24331-5.
  97. 1 2 3 4 Barron, Evan MacLeod (1914). The Scottish War of Independence. Barnes and Noble Books. p. 260.
  98. ↑ Stefan Kamola, Rashīd al-Dīn and the making of history in Mongol Iran (2013). pp. 204–224
  99. ↑ Mackenzie, William and Symson, Andrew. The History of Galloway, J. Nicholson, 1841.
  100. ↑ Oliver, Neil (2009). A History of Scotland, p. 138. ISBN   978-0-7538-2663-8.
  101. 1 2 Morrison, Elizabeth; Hedeman, Anne Dawson, eds. (2010). Imagining the Past in France: History in Manuscript Painting, 1250-1500. J. Paul Getty Museum. p. 4.
  102. ↑ Philips, Seymour (2011). Edward II, p. 131. New Haven, CT & London. UK: Yale University Press. ISBN   978-0-300-17802-9.
  103. ↑ "Edward II of England: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland". www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  104. 1 2 Philips, Seymour (2011). Edward II, pp. 126–127. New Haven, CT & London. UK: Yale University Press. ISBN   978-0-300-17802-9.
  105. ↑ Robert Bartlett, The Hanged Man: A Story of Miracle, Memory, and Colonialism in the Middle Ages (Princeton University Press, 2004) p. 24
  106. ↑ "The Hospitallers at Rhodes, 1306–1421", by Anthony Luttrell, in A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, ed by. Kenneth M. Setton and Harry W. Hazard (University of Wisconsin Press, 1975) pp. 278–313
  107. ↑ Howarth, Stephen (1982). The Knights Templar, pp. 260–261. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN   978-0-880-29663-2.
  108. ↑ Barber, Malcolm (2012). The Trial of the Templars, p. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-45727-9.
  109. ↑ Recueil des Historiens des Croisades: Documents Armeniens, (Imprimerie Imperiale, 1869) p. 549
  110. ↑ Malcolm Barber, The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple (Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 303
  111. ↑ "Slioch, battle of", by Bruce Webster, in The Oxford Companion to British History (Oxford University Press, 2015) p.841
  112. ↑ Barbour, John, The Bruce, p. 264. Translation: A. A. H. Duncan, 1964.
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