Ya'an

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30°00′36″N103°02′29″E / 30.0100°N 103.0415°E / 30.0100; 103.0415

Contents

Ya'an
雅安市
Prefecture-level city
Yaan Night.JPG
Ya'an, 2008
Sichuan subdivisions - Ya'an.svg
Location of Ya'an City jurisdiction in Sichuan
Coordinates(Ya'an Bureau of Civil Affairs (雅安市民政局)): 29°58′44″N103°01′01″E / 29.979°N 103.017°E / 29.979; 103.017
Country People's Republic of China
Province Sichuan
Municipal seat Yucheng District
Area
 • Total
15,213.28 km2 (5,873.88 sq mi)
Elevation
580 m (1,900 ft)
Population
 (2020) [1]
 • Total
1,434,603
 • Density94/km2 (240/sq mi)
GDP [2]
 • Total CN¥ 50.3 billion
US$ 8.1 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 32,524
US$ 5,222
Time zone UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
625000
Area code 0835
ISO 3166 code CN-SC-18
Licence plate prefixes 川T
Website www.yaan.gov.cn/htm/index.htm

Ya'an (Chinese :雅安; pinyin :Yǎ'ān; Wade–Giles :Ya-an) is a prefecture-level city in the western part of Sichuan province, China, located just below the Tibetan Plateau. The city is home to Sichuan Agricultural University, the only 211 Project university and the largest regional comprehensive university in Ya'an. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Ya'an has a population of 1,434,603. [1]

History

A surviving element of the que (tower) (gate tower) at the Tomb of Gao Yi, ca. 209 CE Gao Yi Que5.jpg
A surviving element of the que (tower) (gate tower) at the Tomb of Gao Yi, ca. 209 CE
A bridge with ancient Chinese architectural features, across Qingyi River, at town centre of Ya'an YaanBridgeOldBridge2.jpg
A bridge with ancient Chinese architectural features, across Qingyi River, at town centre of Ya'an

Previously known as Yazhou-fu, the city is first mentioned during the Zhou dynasty (1122–255 BCE). It served as a county seat during the Qin and Han dynasties, but was subsequently taken by nomadic tribes. After being reintegrated into the Chinese Empire in the late 5th century, it was made the seat of the Ya Prefecture in 604. The modern Ya'an county was established in 1912. It became the provincial capital of Xikang province in 1951, but has been a municipality under the administration of Sichuan province since 1955, when Xikang province was merged and became a part of Sichuan province.

The first giant panda was found in Baoxing County of Ya'an[ citation needed ]; Ya'an is also the origin of artificial planting tea of the world[ citation needed ]; Mengding Mountain in Mingshan County, has been keeping seven tea trees, which are believed to be the origins of tea, for more than 1,000 years[ citation needed ].

"The busy little town [of Yaan] was full of life, for its market is the only trading centre for the Chinese and Tibetans from Kangting. Accompanied by two coolies, I crossed the long suspension bridge which oscillates alarmingly over the Ya Ho. I got separated from my coolies in the dense crowd which swarmed along the main street, but in the end found them, and my luggage, at the Catholic mission, where two venerable fathers welcomed me with the flowery courtesy of mandarins...

Yaan is the main market for a special kind of tea which is grown in this part of the country and exported in very large quantities to Tibet via Kangting and over the caravan routes through Batang (Paan) and Teko. Although the Chinese regard it as an inferior product, it is greatly esteemed by the Tibetans for its powerful flavor, which harmonizes particularly well with that of yak butter and salt which Tibetans often mix with their tea. Brick tea comprises not only what we call tea leaves, but also the coarser leaves and some of the twigs of the shrub, as well as the leaves and fruit of other plants and trees (the alder, for instance). This amalgam is steamed, weighed, and compressed into hard bricks, which are packed up in coarse matting in subunits of four. These rectangular parcels weigh between twenty-two and twenty-six pounds—the quality of the tea makes a slight difference to the weight—and are carried to Kangting by coolies. A long string of them, moving slowly under their monstrous burdens of tea, was a familiar sight along the road I followed." [4]

—  André Migot, Tibetan Marches (1955). Translated by Peter Fleming

Panda tea is also a local speciality.

On April 20, 2013, the city was hit by a major earthquake, causing numerous casualties and heavy damage to housing and infrastructure.

Geography

Light green -Yi. Pink -Tibetan. Ethnic townships in Sentral Sichuan Yaan and Garze.png
Light green -Yi. Pink -Tibetan.

Ya'an is located at the western edge of the Sichuan Basin and on the upper reaches of the Yangtze, covering the transition between the Chengdu Plain and the Tibetan Plateau. Its latitude ranges from 28° 51′ 10″ — 30° 56′ 40″ N and its longitude from 101° 56′ 26″—103° 23′ 28″ E. Neighbouring prefectures are, starting from the northeast and moving counter-clockwise, Chengdu (NE), Meishan (E), Leshan (SE), Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (S), Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (W), and Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (N). With an area of 15,300 square kilometres (5,910 sq mi) and a population of 1,530,000, [5] The city is encircled by mountains, and four rivers flow through it.

Its distance to Chengdu is 140 kilometres (87 mi). [6]

Climate

Ya'an has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) and is largely mild and humid. The presence of the mountains to the northwest greatly affects the city's climate. In the short winters, they help shield the city from cold Siberian winds. January averages 6.3 °C (43.3 °F), and while frost may occur, snow is rare. Summers are hot and humid, with highs often reaching 30 °C (86 °F), yet extended heat waves are rare; the daily average in July and August is around 25 °C (77 °F). Rainfall is common year-round, though in winter it tends to be light, and is particularly heavy in summer, when warm, humid southerly or southeasterly winds blow against the mountains, causing orographic lift to occur, enhancing rainfall. With nearly 1,700 millimetres (67 in) of rainfall occurring on 213 days per year, Ya'an is also known as the "Rain City". [7] In addition, rain often falls at night, so fog is not a common occurrence.

Climate data for Ya'an, elevation 628 m (2,060 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2000)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)18.2
(64.8)		22.1
(71.8)		27.7
(81.9)		33.2
(91.8)		35.1
(95.2)		34.9
(94.8)		35.2
(95.4)		35.4
(95.7)		34.9
(94.8)		28.7
(83.7)		24.5
(76.1)		19.6
(67.3)		35.4
(95.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)9.6
(49.3)		12.3
(54.1)		17.1
(62.8)		22.8
(73.0)		26.2
(79.2)		28.5
(83.3)		30.4
(86.7)		30.1
(86.2)		25.4
(77.7)		20.5
(68.9)		16.0
(60.8)		10.9
(51.6)		20.8
(69.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)6.4
(43.5)		8.6
(47.5)		12.6
(54.7)		17.6
(63.7)		21.1
(70.0)		23.7
(74.7)		25.5
(77.9)		25.2
(77.4)		21.5
(70.7)		17.0
(62.6)		12.8
(55.0)		7.9
(46.2)		16.7
(62.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)4.4
(39.9)		6.2
(43.2)		9.6
(49.3)		14.1
(57.4)		17.7
(63.9)		20.5
(68.9)		22.4
(72.3)		22.2
(72.0)		19.1
(66.4)		14.9
(58.8)		10.7
(51.3)		5.9
(42.6)		14.0
(57.2)
Record low °C (°F)−2.8
(27.0)		−1.6
(29.1)		−0.7
(30.7)		3.2
(37.8)		10.0
(50.0)		14.3
(57.7)		17.1
(62.8)		16.6
(61.9)		12.9
(55.2)		4.8
(40.6)		1.2
(34.2)		−3.9
(25.0)		−3.9
(25.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)19.9
(0.78)		30.3
(1.19)		53.0
(2.09)		94.6
(3.72)		137.6
(5.42)		177.2
(6.98)		348.5
(13.72)		442.9
(17.44)		176.7
(6.96)		98.4
(3.87)		47.7
(1.88)		22.4
(0.88)		1,649.2
(64.93)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)13.914.217.317.217.718.919.018.620.221.115.613.7207.4
Average snowy days2.10.7000.20.20.40.50.30.40.20.55.5
Average relative humidity (%)79787573727578798284828178
Mean monthly sunshine hours 42.946.976.2101.9102.293.4118.1125.658.342.247.446.2901.3
Percent possible sunshine 13152026242228311612151520
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration [8] [9]
Source 2: Weather China [10]

Administrative subdivisions

Map
Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population (2020) [11] Area (km2)Density (/km2)
Yucheng District 雨城区Yǔchéng Qū368,9091,060348
Mingshan District 名山区Míngshān Qū254,632614415
Yingjing County 荥经县Yíngjīng Xiàn131,4911,78174
Hanyuan County 汉源县Hànyuán Xiàn285,5582,349122
Shimian County 石棉县Shímián Xiàn114,1162,67843
Tianquan County 天全县Tiānquán Xiàn132,0332,39455
Lushan County 芦山县Lúshān Xiàn99,8241,36473
Baoxing County 宝兴县Bǎoxīng Xiàn48,0403,11415

Tourism and culture

Giant panda at Bifengxia Panda Base Mao Mao 3 - panoramio.jpg
Giant panda at Bifengxia Panda Base

Tourism forms an important parts of the economy of Ya'an. [12] The city is home to the Bifengxia Panda Base. [13] The first panda specimen known to the western world was from Ya'an discovered by the Lazarist missionary Armand David. [14]

The city is also famous for Ya fish, which is used in local cuisine. [15] Ya'an is also the production base of Tibetan brick tea. [16]

Transport

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 四川省第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号） [Seventh National Census of Sichuan Province Report (Number Two)] (in Chinese). Sichuan Provincial Bureau of Statistics. 2021-05-26. Archived from the original on 2021-09-14. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  2. ↑ 四川省统计局、国家统计局四川调查总队 (2016). 《四川统计年鉴－2016》. China Statistics Press. ISBN   978-7-5037-7871-1.
  3. ↑ Chinese steles: pre-Buddhist and Buddhist use of a symbolic form, p. 209
  4. ↑ Migot, André (1955). Tibetan Marches. Translated by Peter Fleming. E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., U.S.A., pp. 59-60.
  5. ↑ (in Chinese) Profile of Ya'an, official website of Ya'an Government, visited on May 12, 2008.
  6. ↑ Ng, Teddy (2013-04-22). "Yaan, city of tea and pandas and historic gateway to Tibet and beyond". South China Morning Post . Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  7. ↑ 雅安城市介绍 (in Simplified Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
  8. ↑ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration . Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  9. ↑ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration . Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  10. ↑ 雅安 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Simplified Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  11. ↑ "雅安市第七次全国人口普查公报 （第二号） - 雅安市人民政府" [the Seventh National Population Census Bulletin of Ya'an City(No. 2)]. www.yaan.gov.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-02-02.
  12. ↑ Hung, Jason C.; Yen, Neil Y.; Chang, Jia-Wei (2020-02-25). Frontier Computing: Theory, Technologies and Applications (FC 2019). Springer Nature. ISBN   978-981-15-3250-4.
  13. ↑ "Ya'an Bifengxia Panda Base | Ya'an, China Attractions". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
  14. ↑ 郭凯. "Panda lovers find paradise on expressway to Ya'an". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
  15. ↑ "The unique fish in Ya'an, Sichuan is known as the three must-sees in Ya'an: Yayu".
  16. ↑ MacIntyre, John; Zhao, Jinghua; Ma, Xiaomeng (2021). The 2020 International Conference on Machine Learning and Big Data Analytics for IoT Security and Privacy: SPIoT-2020, Volume 1. Springer Nature. ISBN   978-3-030-62743-0.

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References

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