List of sovereign states in 2011

Last updated September 10, 2019

Sovereign states by year
List of sovereign states in 2010	Events of 2011	List of sovereign states in 2012

This is a list of sovereign states in 2011, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2011. It contains 206 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 195 widely recognized sovereign states and 11 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto constituents of other powers by the general international community.

Diplomatic recognition in international law is a unilateral political act with domestic and international legal consequences whereby a state acknowledges an act or status of another state or government in control of a state. Recognition can be reaccorded either de facto or de jure. Recognition can be a declaration to that effect by the recognizing government, or an act of recognition such as entering into a treaty with the other state. A vote by a country in the United Nations in favour of the membership of another country is an implicit recognition of that country by the country so voting, as only states may be members of the UN.

Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies. In political theory, sovereignty is a substantive term designating supreme authority over some polity. In international law, the important concept of sovereignty refers to the exercise of power by a state. De jure sovereignty refers to the legal right to do so; de facto sovereignty the ability in fact to do so

In law and government, de facto describes practices that exist in reality, even though they are not officially recognized by laws. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with de jure, which refers to things that happen according to law.

Members or observers of the United Nations

Name and capital city	Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A

Afghanistan – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Capital: Kabul	Widely recognized UN member state.

Albania – Republic of Albania Capital: Tirana	Widely recognized UN member state.

Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria Capital: Algiers	Widely recognized UN member state.

Andorra – Principality of Andorra Capital: Andorra la Vella	Widely recognized UN member state; the President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain.

Angola – Republic of Angola Capital: Luanda	Widely recognized UN member state.

Antigua and Barbuda Capital: St. John's	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. Antigua and Barbuda has two dependencies, Barbuda and Redonda.

Argentina – Argentine Republic^{[lower-alpha 1]} Capital: Buenos Aires	Widely recognized UN member state. Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city.^{[lower-alpha 2]} It had a claim over Argentine Antarctica, which is suspended under the Antarctic Treaty. It also claimed the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, both of which were British overseas territories.

Armenia – Republic of Armenia Capital: Yerevan	Widely recognized UN member state.^{[lower-alpha 3]}

Australia – Commonwealth of Australia Capital: Canberra	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. Australia is a federation of six states and three territories.^[1] It had sovereignty over the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands Australian Antarctic Territory (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.) Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Coral Sea Islands Heard Island and McDonald Islands Norfolk Island The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands is an uninhabited external territory of Australia consisting of four low-lying tropical islands in two separate reefs, and the 12 nautical mile territorial sea generated by the islands. The territory is located in the Indian Ocean situated on the edge of the continental shelf, about 320 km (199 mi) off the northwest coast of Australia and 144 km (89 mi) south of the Indonesian island of Rote. The Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT) is a part of Antarctica administered by the Australian Antarctic Division, an agency of the federal Department of the Environment and Energy. The territory's history dates to a claim on Enderby Land made by the United Kingdom in 1841, which was subsequently expanded and eventually transferred to Australia in 1933. It is the largest territory of Antarctica claimed by any nation by area. In 1961, the Antarctic Treaty came into force. Article 4 deals with territorial claims, and although it does not renounce or diminish any preexisting claims to sovereignty, it also does not prejudice the position of Contracting Parties in their recognition or non-recognition of territorial sovereignty. As a result, only four other countries—New Zealand, the United Kingdom, France, and Norway—recognise Australia's claim to sovereignty in Antarctica. The Territory of Christmas Island is an Australian external territory comprising the island of the same name. Christmas Island is located in the Indian Ocean, around 350 kilometres (220 mi) south of Java and Sumatra and around 1,550 kilometres (960 mi) north-west of the closest point on the Australian mainland. It has an area of 135 square kilometres (52 sq mi).

Austria – Republic of Austria Capital: Vienna	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Austria is a federation of nine states.^[2]

Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan Capital: Baku	Widely recognized UN member state. Azerbaijan had one autonomous republic, Nakhchivan. It included the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, where a partially recognized breakaway republic had declared independence.

B

The Bahamas – Commonwealth of the Bahamas Capital: Nassau	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain Capital: Manama	Widely recognized UN member state.

Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh Capital: Dhaka	Widely recognized UN member state.

Barbados Capital: Bridgetown	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

Belarus – Republic of Belarus Capital: Minsk	Widely recognized UN member state.

Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium Capital: Brussels	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Belgium is a federation of three communities and three regions.^[3]

Belize Capital: Belmopan	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

Benin – Republic of Benin Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (seat of government)	Widely recognized UN member state.

Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan Capital: Thimphu	Widely recognized UN member state.

Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative)	Widely recognized UN member state.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Capital: Sarajevo	Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of two constituent entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska.

Botswana – Republic of Botswana Capital: Gaborone	Widely recognized UN member state.

Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil Capital: Brasília	Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Brazil is a federation of 26 states and one federal district.^[4]

Brunei – Nation of Brunei, Abode of Peace Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan	Widely recognized UN member state. Brunei claimed part of the Spratly Islands (disputed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia).

Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria Capital: Sofia	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

Burkina Faso Capital: Ouagadougou	Widely recognized UN member state.

Burma Myanmar

Burundi – Republic of Burundi Capital: Bujumbura	Widely recognized UN member state.

C

Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia Capital: Phnom Penh	Widely recognized UN member state.

Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon Capital: Yaoundé	Widely recognized UN member state.

Canada Capital: Ottawa	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. Canada is a federation of ten provinces and three territories.^[5]

Cape Verde – Republic of Cape Verde Capital: Praia	Widely recognized UN member state.

Central African Republic Capital: Bangui	Widely recognized UN member state.

Chad – Republic of Chad Capital: N'Djamena	Widely recognized UN member state.

Chile – Republic of Chile Capital: Santiago	Widely recognized UN member state. Chile has two special territories: Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Islands. It had a claim over Chilean Antarctic Territory, which is suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

China – People's Republic of China Capital: Beijing	Widely recognized UN member state^[6] and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. The People's Republic of China had five autonomous regions: Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet. Additionally, it had sovereignty over two special administrative regions: Hong Kong Macau The People's Republic of China claimed Taiwan, Kinmen, the Matsu Islands, the Pratas Islands and Itu Aba, all of which were governed by the Republic of China. It also claimed the Paracel Islands (disputed by the Republic of China and Vietnam), the Spratly Islands (disputed by the Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei), and South Tibet (controlled by India). The People's Republic of China administered Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract, which were within the disputed region of Kashmir. Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the west, Japan to the north-east, and the Philippines to the south. The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres (13,826 sq mi), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanised population is concentrated. Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area. Other major cities include Kaohsiung, Taichung, Tainan and Taoyuan. With 23.7 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated states, and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations (UN). Kinmen or Quemoy, officially Kinmen County, is two groups of islands governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan) and located just off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The county consists of the Kinmen Islands and the Wuqiu Islands (Ockseu) more than 110 kilometres (68 mi) to the northeast. It is one of two counties under the streamlined Fujian Province of the Republic of China. The Kinmen Islands are located only about two kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the mainland city of Xiamen, and their strategic position has reflected the significant change of Cross-Strait relations from a battlefront to a trading point between China and Taiwan. In the controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has continuously claimed the territory of Kinmen County as part of its own Fujian Province, claiming the Kinmen Islands as a county of Quanzhou prefecture-level city, and claiming the Wuqiu (Ockseu) Islands as part of Xiuyu District in Putian prefecture-level city. The Matsu Islands are an archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea administered as Lienchiang County is Republic of China (Taiwan). It is the smallest county of Taiwan.

Colombia – Republic of Colombia Capital: Bogotá	Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Colombia administered Serranilla Bank and claimed Bajo Nuevo Bank (disputed by Nicaragua and the United States)

Comoros – Union of the Comoros Capital: Moroni	Widely recognized UN member state. The Comoros is a federation of three islands autonomous islands: Grande Comore, Mohéli, and Anjouan. Comoros also claimed sovereignty over the French region of Mayotte and the Glorioso Islands. Comoros also claimed Banc du Geyser (disputed by Madagascar and France).

Congo, Democratic Republic of the Capital: Kinshasa	Widely recognized UN member state.

Congo, Republic of the Capital: Brazzaville	Widely recognized UN member state.

Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica Capital: San José	Widely recognized UN member state.

Côte d'Ivoire Ivory Coast

Croatia – Republic of Croatia Capital: Zagreb	Widely recognized UN member state.

Cuba – Republic of Cuba Capital: Havana	Widely recognized UN member state. The Cuban area of Guantánamo Bay is under the permanent control of the United States.

Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus Capital: Nicosia	Widely recognized UN member state.^[7] EU member. The northeastern part of the island is the de facto independent state of Northern Cyprus, recognized only by Turkey.

Czech Republic Capital: Prague	Widely recognized UN member state.EU member.

D

Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Capital: Copenhagen	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. The Kingdom of Denmark also included two autonomous countries: Greenland Faroe Islands

Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti Capital: Djibouti	Widely recognized UN member state.

Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica Capital: Roseau	Widely recognized UN member state.

Dominican Republic Capital: Santo Domingo	Widely recognized UN member state.

E

East Timor – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste^{[lower-alpha 4]} Capital: Dili	Widely recognized UN member state.

Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador Capital: Quito	Widely recognized UN member state.

Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt Capital: Cairo	Widely recognized UN member state.

El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador Capital: San Salvador	Widely recognized UN member state.

Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea Capital: Malabo	Widely recognized UN member state.

Eritrea – State of Eritrea Capital: Asmara	Widely recognized UN member state.

Estonia – Republic of Estonia Capital: Tallinn	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Capital: Addis Ababa	Widely recognized UN member state. Ethiopia is a federation of nine regions and two chartered cities.^[8]

F

Fiji Capital: Suva Republic of the Fiji Islands (to 2 February) Republic of Fiji (from 2 February)	Widely recognized UN member state. Fiji had an autonomous dependency, Rotuma.

Finland – Republic of Finland Capital: Helsinki	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Finland had a neutral and demilitarised region: Åland

France – French Republic Capital: Paris	Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. EU member. France includes five (four until 31 March) overseas departments: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte (from 31 March) and Réunion. It also has sovereignty over the following overseas territories: Clipperton Island French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands (including a claim to Adélie Land which is suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.) Mayotte (to 31 March) New Caledonia Saint-Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon French Southern and Antarctic Lands (district of Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean): Bassas da India (disputed by Madagascar) Europa Island (disputed by Madagascar) Glorioso Islands (disputed by Madagascar and Comoros) Juan de Nova Island (disputed by Madagascar) Tromelin Island (disputed by Mauritius) Bassas da India is an uninhabited, roughly circular French atoll that is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. Located in the southern Mozambique Channel, about halfway between Mozambique and Madagascar and around 110 km (68 mi) northwest of Europa Island, the rim of the atoll averages around 100 m in width and encloses a shallow lagoon of depth no greater than 15 m. Overall, the atoll is about 10 km (6 mi) in diameter, rising steeply from the seabed 3000 m below to encircle an area of 80 km² (31 sq mi). Its exclusive economic zone (EEZ), 123,700 km² (47,761 sq mi) in size, is contiguous with that of Europa Island. Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately 400 kilometres off the coast of East Africa. At 592,800 square kilometres (228,900 sq mi) Madagascar is the world's 2nd largest island country. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian subcontinent around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats. Europa Island is a 28-square-kilometre (11 sq mi) low-lying tropical atoll in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique. The island had never been inhabited until 1820, when the French family Rosier moved to it. The island officially became a possession of France in 1897. Wallis and Futuna Clipperton Island is an uninhabited 6 km² (2.3 sq mi) coral atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of Central America. It is 10,677 km (6,634 mi) from Paris, France, 5,400 km (3,400 mi) from Papeete, Tahiti, and 1,080 km (670 mi) from Mexico. It is an overseas minor territory of France, under direct authority of the Minister of Overseas France. French Polynesia is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic and its sole overseas country. It is composed of 118 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over an expanse of more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) in the South Pacific Ocean. Its total land area is 4,167 square kilometres (1,609 sq mi). The French Southern and Antarctic Lands is an overseas territory of France. It consists of: Kerguelen Islands, a group of volcanic islands in the southern Indian Ocean, southeast of Africa, approximately equidistant between Africa, Antarctica and Australia; St. Paul and Amsterdam islands, a group to the north of Kerguelen; Crozet Islands, a group in the southern Indian Ocean, south of Madagascar; Adélie Land, the French claim on the continent of Antarctica; the Scattered Islands, a dispersed group of islands around the coast of Madagascar. France also claimed Banc du Geyser (disputed by Madagascar and the Comoros).

G

Gabon – Gabonese Republic Capital: Libreville	Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council.

The Gambia – Republic of the Gambia Capital: Banjul	Widely recognized UN member state.

Georgia Capital: Tbilisi	Widely recognized UN member state. Georgia had two autonomous republics: Adjara and Abkhazia. The latter republic is home to a de facto independent state. Georgia also included the disputed region of South Ossetia, where a partially recognized breakaway republic had declared independence.

Germany – Federal Republic of Germany Capital: Berlin	Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. EU member. Germany is a federation of sixteen states.^[9]

Ghana – Republic of Ghana Capital: Accra	Widely recognized UN member state.

Greece – Hellenic Republic Capital: Athens	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Greece has sovereignty over Mount Athos, an autonomous monastic state that is jointly governed by the multi-national "Holy Community" on the mountain and the Civil Governor appointed by the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and spiritually under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.

Grenada Capital: St. George's	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. Grenada has one autonomous dependency, Carriacou and Petite Martinique.

Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala Capital: Guatemala City	Widely recognized UN member state.

Guinea – Republic of Guinea Capital: Conakry	Widely recognized UN member state.

Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau Capital: Bissau	Widely recognized UN member state.

Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana Capital: Georgetown	Widely recognized UN member state.

H

Haiti – Republic of Haiti Capital: Port-au-Prince	Widely recognized UN member state. Haiti claimed the uninhabited United States possession of Navassa Island.

Holy See Vatican City

Honduras – Republic of Honduras Capital: Tegucigalpa	Widely recognized UN member state.

Hungary – Republic of Hungary Capital: Budapest	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

I

Iceland – Republic of Iceland Capital: Reykjavík	Widely recognized UN member state.

India – Republic of India Capital: New Delhi	Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. India is a federation of twenty-nine states and seven union territories. Indian sovereignty over South Tibet is disputed by the People's Republic of China. India administers part of the disputed region of Kashmir as the state of Jammu and Kashmir.^[10]

Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia Capital: Jakarta	Widely recognized UN member state. Indonesia had five special provinces: Aceh, Jakarta, Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.

Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran Capital: Tehran	Widely recognized UN member state.

Iraq – Republic of Iraq Capital: Baghdad	Widely recognized UN member state. Iraq is constitutionally designated as a federation of autonomous regions, but only one region (Iraqi Kurdistan) had been established.

Ireland ^[11] Capital: Dublin	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

Israel – State of Israel Capital: Jerusalem	Widely recognized UN member state.^[12] Israel occupies East Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights, and the West Bank. These areas were not generally recognized as being part of Israel.

Italy – Italian Republic Capital: Rome	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Italy had 5 autonomous regions: Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily, and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.

Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire Capital: Yamoussoukro (official), Abidjan (seat of government)	Widely recognized UN member state.

J

Jamaica Capital: Kingston	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

Japan Capital: Tokyo	Widely recognized UN member state.

Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Capital: Amman	Widely recognized UN member state.

K

Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan Capital: Astana	Widely recognized UN member state.

Kenya – Republic of Kenya Capital: Nairobi	Widely recognized UN member state.

Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati Capital: South Tarawa	Widely recognized UN member state.

Korea, North – Democratic People's Republic of Korea Capital: Pyongyang	Widely recognized UN member state.^[13] Claimed to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.

→ Korea, South – Republic of Korea Capital: Seoul	Widely recognized UN member state.^[14] South Korea had one autonomous region: Jeju-do. Claimed to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.

Kuwait – State of Kuwait Capital: Kuwait City	Widely recognized UN member state.

Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic Capital: Bishkek	Widely recognized UN member state.

L

Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic Capital: Vientiane	Widely recognized UN member state.

Latvia – Republic of Latvia Capital: Riga	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

Lebanon – Lebanese Republic Capital: Beirut	Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council.

Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho Capital: Maseru	Widely recognized UN member state.

Liberia – Republic of Liberia Capital: Monrovia	Widely recognized UN member state.

→ Libya Capital: Tripoli Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (to 23 October) Libya (from 27 February)	Widely recognized UN member state. Control passed due to civil war between 15 February and de facto 20 October, de jure 23 October.

Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein Capital: Vaduz	Widely recognized UN member state. The defense of Liechtenstein is the responsibility of Switzerland.

Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania Capital: Vilnius	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Capital: Luxembourg	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

M

Macedonia – Republic of Macedonia^{[lower-alpha 5]} Capital: Skopje	Widely recognized UN member state.

Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar Capital: Antananarivo	Widely recognized UN member state. Madagascar claimed the French possessions of Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island. It also claimed Banc du Geyser (disputed by Comoros and France)

Malawi – Republic of Malawi Capital: Lilongwe	Widely recognized UN member state.

Malaysia Capital: Kuala Lumpur (official), Putrajaya (administrative)	Widely recognized UN member state. Malaysia is a federation of thirteen states and three federal territories.^[15] Malaysia claimed part of the Spratly Islands (disputed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Brunei).

Maldives – Republic of Maldives Capital: Malé	Widely recognized UN member state.

Mali – Republic of Mali Capital: Bamako	Widely recognized UN member state.

Malta – Republic of Malta Capital: Valletta	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands Capital: Majuro	Widely recognized UN member state under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Marshall Islands claimed the United States territory of Wake Island.

Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania Capital: Nouakchott	Widely recognized UN member state.

Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius Capital: Port Louis	Widely recognized UN member state. Mauritius had one autonomous dependency: Rodrigues. Mauritius also had two other dependencies: Agalega Islands and Cargados Carajos. It claimed the British Indian Ocean Territory and the French territory of Tromelin Island.

Mexico – United Mexican States Capital: Mexico City	Widely recognized UN member state. Mexico is a federation of 31 states and one federal district.^[16]

Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia Capital: Palikir	Widely recognized UN member state under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The FSM is a federation of four states.^[17]

Moldova – Republic of Moldova Capital: Chişinău	Widely recognized UN member state. Moldova had two autonomous territorial units: Gagauzia and Transnistria. The latter is home to a de facto independent state.

Monaco – Principality of Monaco Capital: Monaco	Widely recognized UN member state. The defense of Monaco is the responsibility of France.

→ Mongolia Capital: Ulaanbaatar	Widely recognized UN member state.

Montenegro Capital: Podgorica	Widely recognized UN member state.

Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco Capital: Rabat	Widely recognized UN member state. Morocco claimed sovereignty over and controlled most of the disputed Western Sahara, which is home to the de facto independent Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Morocco disputed the Spanish sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Isla Perejil, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla, and Peñón de Alhucemas.

Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique Capital: Maputo	Widely recognized UN member state.

Myanmar ^{[lower-alpha 6]} – Republic of the Union of Myanmar Capital: Naypyidaw	Widely recognized UN member state.

N

Namibia – Republic of Namibia Capital: Windhoek	Widely recognized UN member state.

Nauru – Republic of Nauru Capital: Yaren (unofficial, seat of parliament)	Widely recognized UN member state. The defense of Nauru is the responsibility of Australia.

Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Capital: Kathmandu	Widely recognized UN member state. Nepal is designated as a federation, but its federal units had not yet been created.

Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands Capital: Amsterdam (official), The Hague (seat of government)	Widely recognized UN member state. The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four autonomous countries: Aruba Netherlands Curaçao Sint Maarten Territory of islands without autonomy (consists of three special municipalities that are part of the Netherlands): Caribbean Netherlands The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and Caribbean Netherlands are not.

New Zealand Capital: Wellington	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. New Zealand had responsibilities for the two free associated states of: Cook Islands Niue It also had sovereignty over two dependent territories: Ross Dependency (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty) Tokelau The government of Tokelau claimed Swains Island, part of American Samoa (a U.S. dependence). New Zealand does not recognize this claim.

Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua Capital: Managua	Widely recognized UN member state. Nicaragua had two autonomous regions: the North Atlantic Autonomous Region and South Atlantic Autonomous Region.

Niger – Republic of Niger Capital: Niamey	Widely recognized UN member state.

Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria Capital: Abuja	Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and one federal territory.^[18]

Norway – Kingdom of Norway Capital: Oslo	Widely recognized UN member state. Norway had two integral overseas areas: Jan Mayen and Svalbard. The latter of area had a special status due to the Spitsbergen Treaty. Norway had sovereignty over the following dependencies: Bouvet Island Peter I Island (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty) Queen Maud Land (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)

O

Oman – Sultanate of Oman Capital: Muscat, Oman	Widely recognized UN member state.

P

Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan Capital: Islamabad	Widely recognized UN member state. Pakistan is a federation of four provinces and four territories. It administers part of the disputed region of Kashmir as the territories of Azad Kashmir and the autonomous territory of Gilgit-Baltistan.^[19]

Palau – Republic of Palau Capital: Ngerulmud	Widely recognized UN member state under Compact of Free Association with the United States.

Palestine – Palestinian National Authority Capital: Ramallah (administrative), Gaza City (administrative), Jerusalem (claimed)	Partially recognised de facto self-governing entity.^[20] Palestine claimed sovereignty over a disputed region consisting of three Israeli-occupied territories: the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. In foreign relations, Palestine was represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization, which was a permanent observer at the United Nations. The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body that exercised limited control over parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Gaza is under the control of Hamas.

Panama – Republic of Panama Capital: Panama City	Widely recognized UN member state.

Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea Capital: Port Moresby	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. Papua New Guinea has one autonomous region: Bougainville.

Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay Capital: Asunción	Widely recognized UN member state.

Peru – Republic of Peru Capital: Lima	Widely recognized UN member state.

Philippines – Republic of the Philippines Capital: Manila	Widely recognized UN member state. The Philippines had one autonomous region: Muslim Mindanao. The Philippines administered Scarborough Shoal, which was disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. It also claimed sovereignty over the Spratly Islands (disputed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Vietnam, Brunei, and Malaysia) and the Malaysian territory of Sabah.

Poland – Republic of Poland Capital: Warsaw	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

Portugal – Portuguese Republic Capital: Lisbon	Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. EU member. Portugal had two autonomous regions: the Azores and Madeira. Portugal claimed the Spanish municipalities of Olivenza and Táliga.

Q

Qatar – State of Qatar Capital: Doha	Widely recognized UN member state.

R

Romania Capital: Bucharest	Widely recognized UN member state; EU member.

Russia – Russian Federation^{[lower-alpha 7]} Capital: Moscow	Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. Russia is a federation of 22 republics, 46 oblasts, 9 krais, 3 federal cities, 1 autonomous oblast, and 4 autonomous okrugs.^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda Capital: Kigali	Widely recognized UN member state.

S

Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis Capital: Basseterre	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. Saint Kitts and Nevis is a federation of fourteen parishes within two island.^[21] Nevis (which is one of the islands) has autonomy.

Saint Lucia Capital: Castries	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Capital: Kingstown	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

Samoa – Independent State of Samoa Capital: Apia	Widely recognized UN member state.

→ San Marino – Republic of San Marino Capital: San Marino	Widely recognized UN member state.

São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe Capital: São Tomé	Widely recognized UN member state. São Tomé and Príncipe had one autonomous province: Príncipe.

Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Capital: Riyadh	Widely recognized UN member state.

Senegal – Republic of Senegal Capital: Dakar	Widely recognized UN member state.

Serbia – Republic of Serbia Capital: Belgrade	Widely recognized UN member state. Serbia had two autonomous provinces: Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija. The latter was governed by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo; Kosovo declared independence in 2008,^[22] and is a partially recognized de facto independent republic.

Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles Capital: Victoria	Widely recognized UN member state. The Seychelles claimed the British Indian Ocean Territory.

Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone Capital: Freetown	Widely recognized UN member state.

Singapore – Republic of Singapore Capital: Singapore	Widely recognized UN member state.

Slovakia – Slovak Republic Capital: Bratislava	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia Capital: Ljubljana	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

Solomon Islands Capital: Honiara	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

Somalia Capital: Mogadishu	Widely recognized UN member state. Over the course of the Somali Civil War, several autonomous regional governments were established in the de jure territory of Somalia. Although these states did not claim independence from Somalia, they were de facto self-governing: Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a al-Shabaab Galmudug Himan and Heeb Jubaland/Azania Puntland There were also areas of the country which at various times had no effective government at all or which were ruled by local clans. In addition, there is one state which has declared and established de facto independence from Somalia: Somaliland.

South Africa – Republic of South Africa Capital: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial)	Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council.

South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan (from 9 July) Capital: Juba	Widely recognized independent state. UN member state (from 14 July). Disputes Abyei with the Republic of the Sudan. South Sudan is a federation of 10 states.^[23]

Spain – Kingdom of Spain Capital: Madrid	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Spain is divided into seventeen autonomous communities and two autonomous cities.^[24] Its sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Isla Perejil, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla and Peñón de Alhucemas is disputed by Morocco. Its sovereignty over Olivenza and Táliga is disputed by Portugal. It claimed the British overseas territory of Gibraltar.

Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Capital: Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte (administrative), Colombo (commercial)	Widely recognized UN member state.

Sudan – Republic of the Sudan Capital: Khartoum	Widely recognized UN member state. Sudan is a federation of 25 states (later 15), ten of which formed South Sudan on 9 July.^[25] Disputes Abyei with the Republic of the South Sudan

Suriname – Republic of Suriname Capital: Paramaribo	Widely recognized UN member state.

Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland Capital: Mbabane (administrative), Lobamba (royal and legislative)	Widely recognized UN member state.

Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden Capital: Stockholm	Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

Switzerland – Swiss Confederation Capital: Bern	Widely recognized independent state. UN member state. Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.^[26]

Syria – Syrian Arab Republic Capital: Damascus	Widely recognized UN member state. Syria included the Golan Heights, which were occupied by Israel. It disputed the Turkish sovereignty over Hatay Province. Syrian Arab Republic is widely viewed as the legitimate authority of Syria.

T

Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan Capital: Dushanbe	Widely recognized UN member state. Tajikistan had one autonomous province: Gorno-Badakhshan.

Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania Capital: Dodoma (official), Dar es Salaam (seat of government)	Widely recognized UN member state. Tanzania had one autonomous region: Zanzibar.

Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand Capital: Bangkok	Widely recognized UN member state.

Timor-Leste East Timor

Togo – Togolese Republic Capital: Lomé	Widely recognized UN member state.

Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga Capital: Nukuʻalofa	Widely recognized UN member state.

Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Capital: Port of Spain	Widely recognized UN member state. Trinidad and Tobago had one autonomous island: Tobago.

Tunisia – Tunisian Republic Capital: Tunis	Widely recognized UN member state.

Turkey – Republic of Turkey Capital: Ankara	Widely recognized UN member state.

Turkmenistan – Republic of Turkmenistan Capital: Ashgabat	Widely recognized UN member state.

Tuvalu Capital: Funafuti	Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

U

Uganda – Republic of Uganda Capital: Kampala	Widely recognized UN member state.

Ukraine Capital: Kiev	Widely recognized UN member state. Ukraine has one autonomous republic: Crimea.

United Arab Emirates Capital: Abu Dhabi	Widely recognized UN member state. The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.^[27]

United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Capital: London	Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. EU member. The United Kingdom is composed of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. It has sovereignty over the following British overseas territories: Anguilla Bermuda British Antarctic Territory (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty) British Indian Ocean Territory (disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles) British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Falkland Islands (disputed by Argentina) Gibraltar Montserrat Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (disputed by Argentina) Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Turks and Caicos Islands In addition, the British Monarch (not the United Kingdom) has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies: Guernsey, with two dependencies: Alderney Sark Isle of Man Jersey

United States – United States of America Capital: Washington, D.C.	Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. The United States is a federation of 50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory.^[28] It asserted sovereignty over the following inhabited insular areas: American Samoa (including Swains Island, disputed by Tokelau) Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico United States Virgin Islands It also asserted sovereignty over eight uninhabited unincorporated territories:^[29] Baker Island Howland Island Jarvis Island Johnston Atoll Kingman Reef Midway Atoll Navassa Island (claimed by Haiti) Wake Island (claimed by the Marshall Islands) The United States claimed Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank. Its claim to Serranilla is disputed by Colombia and Nicaragua and its claim to Bajo Nuevo is disputed by Colombia, Jamaica, and Nicaragua. Some government sources stated that these two areas were unincorporated territories of the United States.

Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay Capital: Montevideo	Widely recognized UN member state.

Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan Capital: Tashkent	Widely recognized UN member state. Uzbekistan had one autonomous republic: Karakalpakstan.

V

Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu Capital: Port Vila	Widely recognized UN member state.

Vatican City – Vatican City State Capital: Vatican City	Widely recognized independent state. Vatican City is administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity recognized by a large number of countries and a Permanent observer at the United Nations. The Holy See also administered a number of extraterritorial properties in Italy. The Pope is the ex officio head of state of Vatican City.

Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Capital: Caracas	Widely recognized UN member state. Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, one federal dependency, and one federal district.^[30]

Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam Capital: Hanoi	Widely recognized UN member state. Vietnam claimed sovereignty over the Paracel Islands (disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China) and Spratly Islands (disputed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Brunei, the Philippines, and Malaysia).

Y

Yemen – Republic of Yemen Capital: Sana'a	Widely recognized UN member state.

Z

Zambia – Republic of Zambia Capital: Lusaka	Widely recognized UN member state.

Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe Capital: Harare	Widely recognized UN member state.

Non-UN members or observers

Name and capital city	Information on status and recognition of sovereignty
Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia Capital: Sukhumi	Partially recognized de facto self-governing entity. ³

Cook Islands Capital: Avarua	A state in free association with New Zealand, recognized by Japan (from 16 June), Netherlands (from 16 August) and China. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity. It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.

Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo Capital: Pristina	Partially recognized de facto self-governing entity.^[31] Claimed by Serbia as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija under UN administration

Nagorno-Karabakh – Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Capital: Stepanakert	De facto self-governing entity. Not recognized by any other state; claimed by Azerbaijan.

Niue Capital: Alofi	A state in free association with New Zealand, recognized by China. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity. It had shared citizenship with New Zealand.

Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Capital: Lefkoşa	Partially recognized de facto self-governing entity.^[32] Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus.

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Capital: Tifariti (temporary), El Aaiún (claimed)	Partially recognized de facto self-governing entity.^[33] The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claimed the disputed territory of Western Sahara, most of which is under control of Morocco. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, were claimed by Morocco. Its government resided in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.

Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland Capital: Hargeisa	De facto self-governing entity. Not recognized by any other state. Claimed by Somalia.

South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia Capital: Tskhinvali	Partially recognized de facto independent state.^[34] claimed by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.

Taiwan – Republic of China Capital: Taipei ^{[lower-alpha 9]}	Partially recognized de facto independent state.^[6] The Republic of China claimed to be the sole legitimate government of China, but only administered Taiwan, Kinmen, the Matsu Islands, the Pratas Islands and Itu Aba.

Transnistria – Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic Capital: Tiraspol	Partially recognized de facto self-governing entity.^[35] Claimed by Moldova.

Other entities

Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:

Antarctica as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognized one another's claims.^[36] These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.^[37]
The European Union is a sui generis supranational organisation which had 27 member states. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome and Malta.^[38] The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions."^[39] Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.

Notes

↑ The name "Argentine Nation" is also used for the purposes of legislation.
↑ 23 provinces: Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Río Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego, and Tucumán. 1 autonomous city: Buenos Aires.
↑ Armenia was not recognized by Pakistan.
↑ Also known as "Timor-Leste".
↑ Provisionally referred to by the UN and a number of countries and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", see Macedonia naming dispute.
↑ Commonly known in English as "Burma".
↑ Russia had two official names, "Russia" and "Russian Federation".
↑ 22 republics: Adygea, Altai, Bashkortostan, Buryatia, Chechnya, Chuvash Republic, Crimea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia Karachay–Cherkessia, Karelia, Khakassia, Komi, Mari El, Mordovia, North Ossetia–Alania, Sakha, Tatarstan, Tuva, Udmurtia. 46 Oblasts: Amur, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Oryol, Penza, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan, Sakhalin, Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk, Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver, Tyumen, Ulyanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl. 9 krais: Altai, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Primorsky, Stavropol, Zabaykalsky. 3 federal cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol. 1 autonomous oblast: Jewish Autonomous Oblast. 4 autonomous okrugs: Chukotka, Khanty–Mansi, Nenetsia, Yamalia.
↑ Seat of government

References

↑ 6 States: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. 3 Territories: Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, Northern Territory.
↑ 9 States: Burgenland, Carinthia, Lower Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Upper Austria, Vorarlberg, Vienna.
↑ 3 Communities: Flemish Community, French Community, German-speaking Community. 3 Regions: Brussels-Capital Region, Flemish Region, Walloon Region.
↑ 26 States: Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins. 1 Federal District: Brazilian Federal District.
↑ 10 Provinces: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan. 3 Territories: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon.
1 2 The People's Republic of China and the Republic of China did not recognize each other, as both states claimed to be the sole legitimate government of China. The following states recognized the ROC instead of the PRC: Belize, Burkina Faso, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, the Gambia, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Nicaragua, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, Solomon Islands, Swaziland, Tuvalu, and Vatican City.
↑ Cyprus is not recognized by Turkey or Northern Cyprus
↑ 9 Regions: Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambela, Harari, Oromiya, Somali, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, Tigray. 2 Chartered Cities: Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa.
↑ 16 States: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringia
↑ 28 States: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal. 7 Union Territories: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, National Capital Territory of Delhi, Puducherry.
↑ Ireland also had the legal description of "Republic of Ireland", although this is not its constitutional name.
↑ Israel is not recognized by Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Chad, Cuba, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, or Yemen.
↑ North Korea is not recognized by the Republic of China, Estonia, France, Japan, or South Korea.
↑ South Korea is not recognized by North Korea.
↑ 13 States: Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu. 3 Federal Territories: Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, Putrajaya.
↑ 31 States: Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatán, Zacatecas. 1 Federal District: Federal District
↑ 4 States: Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap.
↑ 36 States: Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara. 1 Federal Territory: Federal Capital Territory
↑ 4 Provinces: Balochistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, Sindh. 4 Territories: Azad Kashmir, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan.
↑ Palestine is recognised by Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda (from 22 September), Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize (from 9 September), Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Chad, the Central African Republic, Chile (from 7 January), China, Comoros, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica (from 14 September), the Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador (from 25 August), Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana (from 13 January), Honduras (from 26 August), Hungary, Iceland (from 15 December), India, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho (from 6 June), Liberia (from July), Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru (from 24 January), the Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (from 29 August), São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname (from 1 February), Swaziland, Syria (from 18 July), Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, Uruguay (from 15 March), Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
↑ 2 Islands: Saint Kitts, Nevis.14 parishes: Christ Church Nichola Town (Saint Kitts), Saint Anne Sandy Point (Saint Kitts), Saint George Basseterre (Saint Kitts), Saint George Gingerland (Nevis), Saint James Windward (Nevis), Saint John Capesterre (Saint Kitts), Saint John Figtree (Nevis), Saint Mary Cayon (Saint Kitts), Saint Paul Capisterre (Saint Kitts), Saint Paul Charlestown (Nevis), Saint Peter Basseterre (Saint Kitts), Saint Thomas Lowland (Nevis), Saint Thomas Middle Island (Saint Kitts), Trinity Palmetto Point (Saint Kitts).
↑ "UNMIK Background". UN. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
↑ 10 states: Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Western Bahr el Ghazal, Lakes, Warrap, Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Unity, Upper Nile.
↑ 17 Autonomous Communities: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic Islands, Basque Country, Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile-La Mancha, Castile and León, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, La Rioja, Valencian Community. 2 Autonomous Cities: Ceuta, Melilla.
↑ 18 States: Blue Nile, Al Jazirah, Kassala, Khartoum, North Darfur, North Kurdufan, Northern, Al Qadarif, Red Sea, River Nile, Sennar, South Darfur, South Kurdufan, West Darfur, White Nile. 10 states (to 9 July): Central Equatorial, Eastern Equatorial, Jonglei, Lakes, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Unity, Warrap (state), Western Bahr el Ghazal, Western Equatoria
↑ 26 Cantons: Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Bern, Fribourg, Geneva, Glarus, Graubünden, Jura, Lucerne, Neuchâtel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, St. Gallen, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zürich
↑ 7 Emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Qaiwain.
↑ 50 States: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. 1 Federal District: District of Columbia. 1 Incorporated Territory: Palmyra Atoll.
↑ These islands were sometimes designated for statistical purposes as the United States Minor Outlying Islands
↑ 23 States: Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Falcón, Guárico, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Táchira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia. 1 Federal District: Capital District. 1 Federal Dependency: Federal Dependencies.
↑ Kosovo is recognized by Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra (from 8 June), Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Belize, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Central African Republic (from 22 July), Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, the Gambia, Germany, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kiribati, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Montenegro, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman (4 February), Palau, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar (from 7 January), the Republic of China, Samoa, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Somalia, South Korea, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Tuvalu, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vanuatu.
↑ Northern Cyprus is recognized only by Turkey.
↑ the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is recognized by Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Burundi, Cambodia, Chad, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Jamaica, Laos, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, North Korea, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Suriname, Syria, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
↑ Abkhazia is recognized by South Ossetia, Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru, and Vanuatu (from 23 May).
↑ Transnistria is recognized by Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
↑ Rogan-Finnemore, Michelle (2005), "What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean", in Von Tigerstrom, Barbara (ed.), International Law Issues in the South Pacific, Ashgate Publishing, p. 204, ISBN 0-7546-4419-7 "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."
↑ CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica – accessed 19 January 2008
↑ Bilateral relations with countries Archived 2008-06-26 at the Wayback Machine , Retrieved 2009-12-22
↑ Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (1998-01-12). Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28–30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1 (PDF). Rome: Tipografia Arte della Stampa. p. 11.

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[1] The name "Argentine Nation" is also used for the purposes of legislation.

[2] 23 provinces: Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Río Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego, and Tucumán. 1 autonomous city: Buenos Aires.

[3] Armenia was not recognized by Pakistan.

[11] Also known as "Timor-Leste".

[19] Provisionally referred to by the UN and a number of countries and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", see Macedonia naming dispute.

[23] Commonly known in English as "Burma".

[27] Russia had two official names, "Russia" and "Russian Federation".

[28] 22 republics: Adygea, Altai, Bashkortostan, Buryatia, Chechnya, Chuvash Republic, Crimea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia Karachay–Cherkessia, Karelia, Khakassia, Komi, Mari El, Mordovia, North Ossetia–Alania, Sakha, Tatarstan, Tuva, Udmurtia. 46 Oblasts: Amur, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Oryol, Penza, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan, Sakhalin, Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk, Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver, Tyumen, Ulyanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl. 9 krais: Altai, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Primorsky, Stavropol, Zabaykalsky. 3 federal cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol. 1 autonomous oblast: Jewish Autonomous Oblast. 4 autonomous okrugs: Chukotka, Khanty–Mansi, Nenetsia, Yamalia.

[43] Seat of government

[4] 6 States: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. 3 Territories: Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, Northern Territory.

[5] 9 States: Burgenland, Carinthia, Lower Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Upper Austria, Vorarlberg, Vienna.

[6] 3 Communities: Flemish Community, French Community, German-speaking Community. 3 Regions: Brussels-Capital Region, Flemish Region, Walloon Region.

[7] 26 States: Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins. 1 Federal District: Brazilian Federal District.

[8] 10 Provinces: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan. 3 Territories: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon.

[ROC_recognition-9] 1 2 The People's Republic of China and the Republic of China did not recognize each other, as both states claimed to be the sole legitimate government of China. The following states recognized the ROC instead of the PRC: Belize, Burkina Faso, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, the Gambia, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Nicaragua, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, Solomon Islands, Swaziland, Tuvalu, and Vatican City.

[10] Cyprus is not recognized by Turkey or Northern Cyprus

[12] 9 Regions: Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambela, Harari, Oromiya, Somali, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, Tigray. 2 Chartered Cities: Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa.

[13] 16 States: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringia

[14] 28 States: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal. 7 Union Territories: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, National Capital Territory of Delhi, Puducherry.

[15] Ireland also had the legal description of "Republic of Ireland", although this is not its constitutional name.

[16] Israel is not recognized by Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Chad, Cuba, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, or Yemen.

[17] North Korea is not recognized by the Republic of China, Estonia, France, Japan, or South Korea.

[18] South Korea is not recognized by North Korea.

[20] 13 States: Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu. 3 Federal Territories: Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, Putrajaya.

[21] 31 States: Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatán, Zacatecas. 1 Federal District: Federal District

[22] 4 States: Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap.

[24] 36 States: Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara. 1 Federal Territory: Federal Capital Territory

[25] 4 Provinces: Balochistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, Sindh. 4 Territories: Azad Kashmir, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan.

[26] Palestine is recognised by Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda (from 22 September), Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize (from 9 September), Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Chad, the Central African Republic, Chile (from 7 January), China, Comoros, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica (from 14 September), the Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador (from 25 August), Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana (from 13 January), Honduras (from 26 August), Hungary, Iceland (from 15 December), India, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho (from 6 June), Liberia (from July), Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru (from 24 January), the Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (from 29 August), São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname (from 1 February), Swaziland, Syria (from 18 July), Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, Uruguay (from 15 March), Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

[29] 2 Islands: Saint Kitts, Nevis.14 parishes: Christ Church Nichola Town (Saint Kitts), Saint Anne Sandy Point (Saint Kitts), Saint George Basseterre (Saint Kitts), Saint George Gingerland (Nevis), Saint James Windward (Nevis), Saint John Capesterre (Saint Kitts), Saint John Figtree (Nevis), Saint Mary Cayon (Saint Kitts), Saint Paul Capisterre (Saint Kitts), Saint Paul Charlestown (Nevis), Saint Peter Basseterre (Saint Kitts), Saint Thomas Lowland (Nevis), Saint Thomas Middle Island (Saint Kitts), Trinity Palmetto Point (Saint Kitts).

[30] "UNMIK Background". UN. Retrieved 21 January 2015.

[31] 10 states: Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Western Bahr el Ghazal, Lakes, Warrap, Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Unity, Upper Nile.

[32] 17 Autonomous Communities: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic Islands, Basque Country, Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile-La Mancha, Castile and León, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, La Rioja, Valencian Community. 2 Autonomous Cities: Ceuta, Melilla.

[33] 18 States: Blue Nile, Al Jazirah, Kassala, Khartoum, North Darfur, North Kurdufan, Northern, Al Qadarif, Red Sea, River Nile, Sennar, South Darfur, South Kurdufan, West Darfur, White Nile. 10 states (to 9 July): Central Equatorial, Eastern Equatorial, Jonglei, Lakes, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Unity, Warrap (state), Western Bahr el Ghazal, Western Equatoria

[34] 26 Cantons: Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Bern, Fribourg, Geneva, Glarus, Graubünden, Jura, Lucerne, Neuchâtel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, St. Gallen, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zürich

[35] 7 Emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Qaiwain.

[36] 50 States: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. 1 Federal District: District of Columbia. 1 Incorporated Territory: Palmyra Atoll.

[37] These islands were sometimes designated for statistical purposes as the United States Minor Outlying Islands

[38] 23 States: Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Falcón, Guárico, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Táchira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia. 1 Federal District: Capital District. 1 Federal Dependency: Federal Dependencies.

[39] Kosovo is recognized by Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra (from 8 June), Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Belize, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Central African Republic (from 22 July), Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, the Gambia, Germany, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kiribati, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Montenegro, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman (4 February), Palau, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar (from 7 January), the Republic of China, Samoa, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Somalia, South Korea, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Tuvalu, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vanuatu.

[40] Northern Cyprus is recognized only by Turkey.

[41] the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is recognized by Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Burundi, Cambodia, Chad, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Jamaica, Laos, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, North Korea, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Suriname, Syria, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

[ReferenceA-42] Abkhazia is recognized by South Ossetia, Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru, and Vanuatu (from 23 May).

[44] Transnistria is recognized by Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

[mutualrecog-45] Rogan-Finnemore, Michelle (2005), "What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean", in Von Tigerstrom, Barbara (ed.), International Law Issues in the South Pacific, Ashgate Publishing, p. 204, ISBN 0-7546-4419-7 "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."

[cia-46] CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica – accessed 19 January 2008

[47] Bilateral relations with countries Archived 2008-06-26 at the Wayback Machine , Retrieved 2009-12-22

[48] Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (1998-01-12). Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28–30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1 (PDF). Rome: Tipografia Arte della Stampa. p. 11.