List of Arabic letter components

Last updated

This is a list of Arabic letter components used in Arabic script.

Contents

Table of Letter Components

A = The letter is used for most languages and dialects with writing systems based on Arabic.

MSA = Letters used in Modern Standard Arabic.

CA = Letters used in Classical Arabic.

AD = Letters used in some regional Arabic Dialects.

"Arabic" = Letters used in Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and most regional dialects.

"Farsi" = Letters used in modern Persian.

FW = Foreign words: the letter is sometimes used to spell foreign words.

SV = Stylistic variant: the letter is used interchangeably with at least one other letter depending on the calligraphic style.

AW = Arabic words: the letter is used in additional languages to spell Arabic words.


Table

No additions

Letter Line Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
positional formsisolated ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
start ء ا none ىـ (YNB) ٮـ حـسـصـطـعـڡـ (QF) ٯـڪـكـکـگـلـمـدروھـہـهـلا
middle ء ـا none ـىـ (YNB) ـٮـ ـحــســصــطــعــڡـ (QF) ـٯــڪــكــکــگــلــمــدـرـوـھــہــهــلا
end ء ـاـےـىـںـٮـحـسـصـطـعـڡـٯـڪـكـکـگـلـمـدـرـوـھـہـهـلا
image of formsisolated
start
middle
end		ءاےىںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
Unicode for above U+0621 U+0627 U+06D2 U+0649 U+06BA U+066E U+062D U+0633 U+0635 U+0637 U+0639 U+06A1 U+066F U+06AA U+0643 U+06A9 U+06AF U+0644 U+0645 U+062F U+0631 U+0648 U+06BE U+06C1 U+0647 ا + ل
Languages that use the letter shape with or without i'jam Arabic Arabic Urdu Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Sindhi, Arabic SV Arabic Farsi, Urdu, Arabic SV Farsi, Urdu Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Urdu, Arabic SV Urdu, Arabic SV Arabic, Farsi Arabic
diacritics (i) isolated ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
nonestart
mid
end		ءـا ا ـــے ے ىـ
ـىـ
ـى		ـں ںٮـ
ـٮـ
ـٮ		حـ
ـحـ
ـح		سـ
ـسـ
ـس		صـ
ـصـ
ـص		طـ
ـطـ
ـط		عـ
ـعـ
ـع		 ڡـ
ـڡـ
ـڡ 		ٯـ
ـٯـ
ـٯ 		ڪــ
ـڪــ
ـڪ		كـ
ـكـ
ـك		کـ
ـکـ
ـک		گـ
ـگـ
ـگ		لـ
ـلـ
ـل		مـ
ـمـ
ـم		ـد دـر رـو وھـ
ـھـ
ـھ		ہـ
ـہـ
ـہ		هـ
ـهـ
ـه		ـلا لا
Languages using the bare shape with no additions Arabic Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Urdu MSA Urdu, Arabic SVArabic SV Rasm Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic SV in Rasm Arabic SV in Rasm Sindhi, Arabic SV Arabic Farsi, Urdu, Arabic SV Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Urdu, Arabic SV Urdu, Arabic SV Arabic, Farsi MSA
Unicode for above U+0621 U+0627 U+06D2 U+0649 U+06BA U+066E U+062D U+0633 U+0635 U+0637 U+0639 U+06A1 U+066F U+06AA U+0643 U+06A9 U+06AF U+0644 U+0645 U+062F U+0631 U+0648 U+06BE U+06C1 U+0647 ل + ا
Bare line in isolated and end forms onlyisolatedءاے ی ࢽ ٮحسصطع ࢼ ࢻ ڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
start
mid
end		یـ
ـیـ
ـی		ࢽـ
ـࢽـ
ـࢽ		ࢻـ
ـࢻـ
ـࢻ		ࢼـ
ـࢼـ
ـࢼ
image
Languages
UnicodeU+08BDU+08BBU+08BC

dots

1 dot
Diacritics (i) Letter Shapes:
(ii) 		ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
1 dot below  ◌࣭   ◌ٜ   ــٜـ    ﮳  isolatedءاےىں ب ج سصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
connectedبـ ـبـ ـبجـ ـجـ ـج
image
Languages
U+FBB3 U+065C Unicode U+0628 U+062C
1 dot above + 1 dot below ﮲﮳ isolatedءاےى ڹ ٮح ښ ۻ ط ۼ ڣ ٯڪكکگلمد ږ وھہهلا
connected
image
Languages
Unicode
1 dot above ◌࣪   ﮲  isolatedءاےىنٮخسضظغ ف ڧ ڪكکگلݥذزۏھہهلا
connected
image
Languages
U+FBB2 Unicode U+0646 U+062E U+0636 U+0638 U+063A U+0641 U+06A7 U+0765 U+0630 U+0632 U+06CF
2 dots
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
2 dots below
start and mid (iii) 		﮵isolated formءاے یـ ـیـ ـی ی حسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Languages Farsi, Urdu, AD
U+FBB5 U+FBB5 Unicode U+06CC
2 dots below
all positions		﮵isolated formءاے يـ ـيـ ـي ي حسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Languages Arabic (iv)
U+FBB5 U+FBB5 Unicode U+064A
2 vertical dots below  ﮾  isolated formءاےىںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Languages
U+FBBE Unicode
2 vertical dots above  ﮽  isolated formءاےىںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Languages
U+FBBD Unicode
2 horizontal
dots above		﮴isolated formءاےىںتحسصطعڡ ق ڪكکگلمدروھـۃـةلا
image
Languages
FBB4 Unicode U+062A U+0642 U+06C3 U+0629
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
﮴ ‎above: 2 dots
﮵ ‎below: 2 dots
﮽ ‎above: 2 dots
(vertically)
﮾ ‎below: 2 dots
(vertically)
U+08EB (2283)◌࣫TWO DOTS ABOVE
U+08EE (2286)◌࣮TWO DOTS BELOW
3 dots
ث پ چ ژ ش ‎Arabic & Persian
ݑ ڥ ڤ ڨ ڠ ڟ ڞ ۺ ڜ ڛ څ ڿ ۑ ۋ ڮ ڴ ڷ ڸ ‎other pointing out
ݤ ڏ ݓ ݒ ݡ ݘ ݞ ‎inverted
3 dots below (horizontal)

 ﮳ ﮳ ﮳ 

characterءاےىں ݐ حسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Languages Fula
Unicode U+0750
3 dots below (inverted)  ﮷  characterءاےىںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Languages
U+FBB7 Unicode
3 dots below  ﮹  isolated formءاےىںپچسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Languages
U+FBB9 Unicode U+067E U+0686
3 dots above
+ 3 dots below		 ﮹﮶ isolated formءاےىںٮح ڜ صطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Languages
U+FBB6 + U+FBB9 Unicode
3 dots above  ﮶  isolated form ڽ ث څ ش ڞ ڟ ڠ ڤ ڨ ڷ ژ
image
Languages Malay Pashto Malay Malay Brahui
U+FBB6 Unicode U+06BD U+062B U+0685 U+0634 U+069E U+069F U+06A0 U+06A4 U+06A8 U+06B7 U+0698
3 dots above (inverted)  ﮸  characterءاےىںٮحسصط ݞ ڡٯڪكکگلم ڏ روھہهلا
image
U+FBB8 Languages Sindhi
Unicode U+068F
4 dots
4 dots below  ﮻   isolated formءاےىں ڀ ڇ سصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Languages
U+FBBB Unicode
4 dots above  ﮺   isolated formءاےىں ٿ ح ݜ صطع ڦ ٯڪكکگلم ڐ ڙ وھہهلا
image
Languages Shina, Torwali Sindhi, Shina, Torwali
U+FBBA Unicode U+067F U+075C U+0690 U+0699
different dots above and below
mixed dots
above + below		isolated formءاےىںٮ ڿ ۺ صطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Languages
Unicode
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا

tōē

small tōē
below		 ﯁ isolated formءاےىںٮ ݮ سصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
connected form(s)ݮـ ـݮـ ـݮ
image U+076E Naskh style.svg
Unicode U+076E
Languages Khowar
small tōē
above		 ـــؕــ   ﯀   ◌ؕ isolated formءاےىڻٹݲسصطعڡٯڪكکگࣇ  لؕ ‎مڈڑوھہهلا
connected form(s)
image
Urdu Punjabi Torwali Languages Punjabi Urdu Torwali Punjabi [1] Urdu Urdu
U+0615 U+FBC0 Unicode U+06BB U+0679 U+0772 U+0688 U+0691
small tōē + dot(s)isolated formءاےى ݨ ٮحݰصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدݱوھہهلا
connected form(s)
image
Languages Punjabi, Seraiki, Shina Torwali Torwali
Unicode
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا

ring

ring    isolated formءاے ؠ ںٮحسصطعڡٯڪك ګ گلم ډ ړ ۄ ھہهلا
image
Languages
FBBF Unicode
ring and dotsisolated formءاےى ڼ ټ حسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Languages
Unicode
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا

line

horizontal line—isolated formءاے ۍ ـۍ ںٮحسصطعڡ ؈ ڪك گ ݪ مد ݛ ۅ ھہهلا
image
Languages Punjabi, Marwari, Kalami Kirghiz
Unicode U+075B
multiple lines  ﮼   isolated form ۽ اےىںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگ ࢦ ۾ دروھہهلا
image
Languages
U+FBBCUnicode U+08A6
vertical lineisolated formءاےىںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدر

ۈ

ھہهلا
image
Languages
Unicode

numeral

diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ك ڪ ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
Persian numeral 2 above ٢ ٢ isolated formءا ݺ ىںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدر ݸ ھہهلا
image
Burushaski Languages Burushaski Burushaski
Unicode U+077A
Persian numeral 3 above ٣ ٣ isolated formءا ݻ ݶ ںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Burushaski Languages Burushaski
Unicode U+077B
Persian numeral 4 above ۴ ۴ isolated formءاےىںٮح ݽ صطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Burushaski Languages Burushaski
Unicode U+077D
Persian numeral 4 below ۴ ۴ isolated formءاے ݷ ںٮ ݼ سصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Burushaski Languages Burushaski
Unicode U+077C
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا

arrows

V below   ٚ     ٛ  isolated formءاےىں ݕ حسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمد ڕ وھہهلا
image
Languages Wolof
U+065B U+065A Unicode
small V above ــٚـ ◌ٚ isolated formءاے ێ ں ݖ حسصطعڡٯڪكکگ ڵ مد ڒ ۆ ھہهلا
image
Languages Wolof
U+065A Unicode U+0756
inverted V above ــٛـ ◌ٛ isolated formءاے ؽ ںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلم ۮ ۯ ۉ ۿ ہهلا
image
U+065B Unicode
Languages
arrow and dotsisolated formءاےىںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Unicode
Languages

Hamza

diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
Hamza belowــٕـ◌ٕisolated formءإےىںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلإ
image
sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omittedLanguages
U+0655 Unicode U+0625 U+0644
+ U+0625
Hamza aboveــٔـ◌ٔisolated formءأۓئںٮ ځ سصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدرؤھۂۀلأ
image
sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omittedLanguages Pashto
U+0674 U+0654 Unicode U+0623 U+06D3 U+0626 U+0681 U+0624 U+06C2 U+06C0 U+0644
+ U+0623
Hamza and dotsisolated formءاےىںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
image
Unicode
Languages

other semi-optional vowels

maddah aboveــۤـ ــٓـ ◌ٓ ◌ۤisolated formءآےىںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلآ
image
doesn't strictly count as i'jam, but included in a lot of situations where other diacritics are left out.Languages Arabic, Urdu
U+06E4 U+0653 Unicode U+0622
Wasala aboveisolated formءٱےىںٮحسصطعڡٯڪكکگلمدروھہهلا
Wasala on screen 20200507.png
image
Alef wasala on screen 20200507w.png
Languages CA
none
(v) 		Unicode U+0671
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا

blank line for new entries

diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ك ڪ ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا

Footnotes

^i. The i'jam diacritic characters are illustrative only, in most typesetting the combined characters in the middle of the table are used. The characters used to illustrate the consonant diacritics are from Unicode set "Arabic pedagogical symbols". [2] The "Arabic Tatweel Modifier Letter" U+0640 character used to show the positional forms doesn't work in some Nastaliq fonts.

^ii. For most letters the isolated form is shown, for select letters all forms (isolated, start, middle, and end) are shown.

^iii. Urdu Choti Yē has 2 dots below in the initial and middle positions only. The standard Arabic version ي يـ ـيـ ـي always has 2 dots below.

^iv. These characters are used by most languages that use writing systems based on Arabic, though sometimes only in foreign words.

^v. A Wasala diacritic Unicode character has been proposed but not yet released.

References

  1. ↑ Lorna Priest Evans; M. G. Abbas Malik. "Proposal to encode ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH ABOVE in the UCS" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  2. ↑ "Unicode Utilities: UnicodeSet Arabic pedagogical symbols". unicode.org. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  3. ↑ "Extended Arabic Letter". unicode.org. Retrieved 2021-10-02.
  4. ↑ "Based on ISO 8859-6". unicode.org. Retrieved 2021-10-02.
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