This is an index of articles relating to electronics and electricity or natural electricity and things that run on electricity and things that use or conduct electricity.
16VSB – 2VSB – 32VSB – 4000 series – 4VSB – 555 timer IC – 7400 series – 8VSB
Absolute gain (physics) – Access control – Access time – Acoustic coupler – Adaptive communications – Adder – Adjacent-channel interference – Alarm sensor – Aliasing – Allied Electronics – Alternating current – AM radio – Amateur radio – Ambient noise level – American Radio Relay League (ARRL) – Ammeter – Ampere – Amplifier – Amplitude distortion – Amplitude modulation – Analog computer – Analog – Analog-to-digital converter – Analogue switch – Analysis of resistive circuits – Angular misalignment loss – Antenna – Antenna aperture – Antenna blind cone – Antenna gain – Antenna height above average terrain – Antenna noise temperature – Antenna theory – Aperture (antenna) – Aperture-to-medium coupling loss – Apollo Guidance Computer – Arithmetic and logical unit – Armstrong oscillator – ARRL – Articulation score – Astable – Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line – Asynchronous communications system – Asynchronous operation – Asynchronous start-stop – Atmospheric duct – Atmospheric waveguide – Attenuation – Audible ringing tone – Audio system measurements – Audiophile – Automatic call distributor – Automatic gain control – Automatic link establishment – Automatic number identification – Automatic sounding – Automatic switching system – Autovon – Availability – Avalanche diode – Azimuth
Backplane – Backscattering – Back-to-back connection – Backward channel – Balance return loss – Balanced line – Balancing network – Ball grid array – Band gap – Band-stop filter – Bandwidth compression – Bare particular – Barrage jamming – Baseband – Battery (electricity) – Baud – Baudot code – BCS theory – Beam diameter – Beam divergence – Beam steering – Beamwidth – Beat frequency oscillator – Bel – Biconical antenna – Big ugly dish – Bilateral synchronization – Billboard antenna – Binary classification – Binary multiplier – Binaural recording – Bipolar junction transistor – Bipolar signal – Bit inversion – Bit pairing – Bit robbing – Bit stuffing – Bit synchronous operation – Bit-count integrity – Bits per second – Black facsimile transmission – Black recording – Blanketing – Bluetooth – Blu-ray Disc – BNC connector – Boresight – Breadboard – Bremsstrahlung – Bridging loss – Broadband Internet – Broadband wireless access – Broadband – Broadcasting – Burst transmission – Busy hour – Busy signal – Bypass
Cable modem – Cable television – Caesium standard – Call collision – Call set-up time – Call-second – Capacitive coupling – Capacitor – Capture effect – Carbon nanotube – Card standards – Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection – Carrier shift – Carrier system – Carrier wave – Carrier-to-receiver noise density – Carson bandwidth rule – Cassegrain antenna – Category 5 cable – Cathode ray tube – Central processing unit – Chadless tape – Channel – Channel noise level – Channel reliability – Character-count integrity – Characteristic impedance – Charge-coupled device – Chemical vapor deposition – Chirp – Chroma subsampling – Circuit breaker – Circuit noise level – Circuit reliability – Circuit restoration – Circuit switching – Circular polarization – Circulator – Citizens' band radio – Cladding – Clapp oscillator – Clean room – Clear channel – Clearing – Clipping – Clock gating – Clock signal – Closed waveguide – Closed-circuit television – CMOS – Coaxial cable – Co-channel interference – Code-division multiple access – Code word – Coherence length – Coherence time – Coherence – Coherent differential phase-shift keying – Coherer – Coilgun – Collinear antenna array – Collinear antenna array – Collins Radio – Colpitts oscillator – Combat-net radio – Combinational logic – Combined distribution frame – Common base – Common battery – Common collector – Common control – Common emitter – Commonality – Common-mode interference – Communications center – Communications satellite – Communications security – Communications system engineering – Communications system – Communications-electronics – Compact audio cassette – Compatible sideband transmission – Composite image filter – Composite video – Compulsator – Computer – Concentrator – Conditioning equipment – Conducted interference – Conduction band – Conductive coupling – Connections per circuit hour – Conservation of radiance – Constant k filter – Content delivery – Contention – Continuous Fourier transform – Continuous operation – Continuous wave – Convolution – Copper – Cord circuit – Corner reflector – Cosmic noise – Costas loop – Coulomb's law – Counter (digital) – Coupling – Covert channel – Covert listening device – CPU design – CQD – C-QUAM – Critical frequency – Cross product – Crossbar switch – Crosstalk – Crystal filter – Crystal radio receiver – Current – Current bias – Current-to-voltage converter – Cutback technique – Cutoff frequency – Cutoff wavelength
D region – D-4 – Data bank – Data circuit terminating equipment – Data compaction – Data integrity – Data link – Data service unit – Data terminal equipment – Data transmission circuit – Data – Datasheet – dBa – dBm – DBrn – DDR SDRAM – Degree of isochronous distortion – Delay line – Delta modulation – Demand assignment – Demand factor – Demand load – Demodulation – Demodulator – Departure angle – Design objective – Despun antenna – Deviation – Dial-up – Diamagnetism – Dielectric constant – Dielectric strength – Dielectric waveguide – Dielectric – Differential amplifier – Diffraction – Digital access and cross-connect system – Digital Audio Tape – Digital circuit – Digital filter – Digital multiplex hierarchy – Digital radio – Digital signal processing – Digital signal processor – Digital-to-analog converter – Digital transmission group – Digitizer – DIN – Diode – DIP switch – Dipole antenna – Dipole – Direct bandgap – Direct broadcast satellite – Direct current – Direct distance dialing – Direct ray – Directional antenna – Directional coupler – Directive gain – Direct-sequence spread spectrum – Discrete Fourier transform – Discrete – Dispersion-limited operation – Display device – Distortion – Distortion-limited operation – Emergency locator beacon – Distributed switching – Diurnal phase shift – Diversity reception – DOD master clock – Doping – Double-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission – Double-slit experiment – Drift – Drop and insert – Dropout – Dual access – Dual impedance – Dual in-line package – Dual-modulus prescaler – Dual-tone multi-frequency – Duobinary signal – Duplex – Duty cycle – DXCC – Dynamic range
Earphone – Earpiece – Earth's magnetic field – EDIF – EEPROM – Effective antenna gain contour – Effective boresight area – Effective data transfer rate – Effective Earth radius – Effective height – Effective input noise temperature – Effective isotropically radiated power – Effective monopole radiated power – Effective radiated power – Effective transmission rate – Efficiency factor – E-layer – Electric charge – Electric current – Electric field – Electric motor – Electric power transmission – Electric power – Electrical conduction – Electrical conductivity – Electrical connector – Electrical efficiency – Element – Electrical engineering – Electrical generator – Impedance – Insulation – Electrical length – Load – Electrical network – Circuit – Electrical resistance – Electrical room – Electrical signal – Electricity distribution – Electricity – Electrochemical cell – Electrochemistry – Electrode – Electrodynamics – Electrolytic capacitor – Electromagnetic environment – Electromagnetic induction – Electromagnetic interference control – Electromagnetic pulse – Electromagnetic radiation and health – Electromagnetic radiation – Electromagnetic spectrum – Electromagnetic survivability – Electromagnetism – Electrometer – Electron hole – Electron – Electronic amplifier – Electronic color code – Color code – Electronic data processing – Electronic deception – Electronic design automation – Electronic filter – Filter – Electronic imager – Electronic mixer – Electronic musical instrument – Electronic oscillator – Electronic power supply – Electronic switching system – Electronic tagging – Electronic test equipment – Electronic warfare support measures – Electronics – Electro-optic effect – Electro-optic modulator – Electro-optics – Electrostatic discharge – Electrostatics – Emergency Locator Transmitter – Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon – Emitter coupled logic – End distortion – Endurability – Enhanced service – Entropy encoding – Equilibrium length – Equivalent impedance transforms – Equivalent noise resistance – Equivalent pulse code modulation noise – Error burst – Error ratio – Error-correcting code – E-skip – Examples of electrical phenomena – Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) – Eye pattern
Fab (semiconductors) – Semiconductor device fabrication – Facsimile converter – Fading – Fading distribution – Fail safe – Fall time – Fan-beam antenna – Farad – Faraday cage – Faraday constant – Faraday's law of induction – Far-field region – Fault – Fault management – FCC registration program – Federal Standard 1037C – Feed horn – Feedback – Ferroelectric effect – Ferromagnetism – Field (physics) – Field – Field effect transistor – Field strength – FPGA Field programmable gate array – Filled cable – Filter design – Filter (signal processing) – Flip-flop – Fluorescent lamp – Flutter – Flux – Flywheel effect – FM band – FM improvement factor – FM improvement threshold – FM radio – Forward error correction – Fourier series – Fourier transform (see also List of Fourier-related transforms) – Four-wire circuit – Four-wire terminating set – Fractal antenna – Frame – Frame rate – Frame slip – Frame synchronization – Framing bit – Freenet – Free-space loss – Freeze frame television – Frequency assignment – Frequency averaging – Frequency counter – Frequency deviation – Frequency frogging – Frequency modulation synthesis – Frequency modulation – Frequency standard – Frequency synthesiser – Frequency – Frequency-division multiplexing – Frequency-exchange signaling – Frequency-hopping spread spectrum – Frequency-shift keying – Fresnel equations – Fresnel reflection – Fresnel zone – Front-to-back ratio – Fuel cell – Fuse (electrical)
Gallium arsenide – Galvanic isolation – Galvanometer – Gateway – Gating – Gauss – Geiger–Müller tube – Gel electrophoresis – Gemini Guidance Computer – Gender changer – Global Positioning System – Global system for mobile communications – GNU Radio – Grade of service – Graded-index fiber – Ground constants – Ground loop – Ground plane – Ground (electricity) – Groundwave – Guided ray – Gyrator
Halftone characteristic – Hall effect – Hamming code – Hamming distance – Handoff – Handshake (computing) – Hard copy – Hardware register – Harmonic analysis – Harmonic oscillator – Harmonic – Hartley oscillator – H-channel – Heat sink – Helical antenna – Helmholtz coil – Henry (unit) – Hertz – Heterodyne repeater – Heterodyne – High frequency – High-performance equipment – High-speed circuit-switched data – Hop – Horn – Hot-point probe – Hybrid balance – Hybrid circuit – Hybrid coil – Hybrid coupler – Hysteresis
IEEE 315-1975 – IEEE 802.11 – IEEE 802.15 – IEEE 802 – Image antenna – Image impedance – Image frequency – Image rejection ratio – Image response – Impedance matching – In-band on-channel – Incidental radiator – Independent sideband – Index of cooperation – Inductive coupling – Inductive reactance – Inductor – Industrial Computers – Information transfer – Information-bearer channel – Infrared – Input/output – Insertion gain – Insertion loss – Inside plant – Integrated circuit – Intensity modulation – Intentional radiator – Intercept – Interchange circuit – Intercharacter interval – Interconnect facility – Interference – Interferometry – Intermediate-field region – Intermodulation distortion – International Electrotechnical Commission – Interoperability – Interposition trunk – Intersymbol interference – Inverse multiplexer – Inverse-square law – Ion pump – Ionosphere – ISM band – Isochronous burst transmission – Isochronous signal – Isotropic antenna
Jam signal – Jamming – Jansky – Jitter
Karnaugh map – Kendall effect – Key pulsing – Kirchhoff's circuit laws – Klystron – Knife-edge effect
Laser – Launch angle – Launch numerical aperture – Lead-lag effect – Leaky mode – Light bulb – Light-dependent resistor – Light-emitting diode – Lightning – Limiting – Line code – Linear-feedback shift register – Linear regulator – Lip synchronization – List of telephony terminology – Lists of video game companies – LM741 – Low-noise amplifier – Loading characteristic – Loading coil – Lobe – Local battery – Logic families – Logic gate – Logic – Log-periodic antenna – Long-haul communications – Longitudinal redundancy check – Long-tailed pair – Long-term stability – Loop – Loop gain – Loop-back – Low frequency – Low-performance equipment – Lumped element model
Macroelectronics – Magnet – Magnetic-core memory – Magnetic field – Magnetic flux quantum – Magnetic flux – Magnetic levitation – Magnetism – Magneto-optic effect – Magnetosphere – Magnetron – Main distribution frame – Main lobe – Manchester code – Maser – Mask work – Master frequency generator – Maximal-ratio combiner – Maximum power – Maximum usable frequency – Maxwell coil – Maxwell's demon – Maxwell's equations – m-derived filter – Mean time between outages – Mediation function – Medium frequency (MF) – Medium-power talker – Medium wave – Metal – Michelson–Morley experiment – Microelectronics – Microphone – Microwave auditory effect – Microwave oven – Microwave – MIL-STD-188 – Minimum bend radius – Mode scrambler – Mode volume – Modem – Modular synthesizer – Modulation factor – Modulation rate – Modulation – Molecular electronics – Monostable – Moore's law – Morse code – MOS Technology 6501 – MOS Technology 6502 – MOS Technology SID – MOS Technology VIC-II – Mu-law algorithm – Multicoupler – Multi-element dipole antenna – Multimeter – Multipath propagation – Multiple access – Multiple homing – Multiplex baseband – Multiplexer – Multiplexing – Multivibrator
N connector – Nanotechnology – Nanowire – Narrative traffic – Narrowband modem – Narrowband – National Electrical Code (US) – Natural frequency – Near-field region – Negative resistance – Negative-acknowledge character – Net gain (telecommunications) – Netlist – Network administration – Network architecture – Network management – Neural network (machine learning) – Neutral direct-current telegraph system – NI Multisim – Nickel metal hydride – Noise figure – Noise (electronics) – Noise power – Noise temperature – Noise weighting – Noise-cancelling headphone – Noise-equivalent power – Non-return-to-zero – Normalized frequency – Norton's theorem – NTSC – Nuclear electromagnetic pulse – Nuclear magnetic resonance – Null (radio) – Numbers station – Numerical aperture – Numerically controlled oscillator – Nyquist interval
Off-hook – Off-line – Ohm (unit) – Ohmmeter – Ohm's law – Oliver Heaviside – Omnidirectional antenna – One-way trunk – On-hook – On-line – Open circuit – Open spectrum – Operational amplifier – Optical density – Optical fiber – Optical path length – Optical spectrum – Optoelectronic – Orthogonal frequency division modulation – Orthomode transducer – Oscilloscope – Out-of-band signaling – Outside plant – Overflow – Overhead information – Overmodulation – Override – Overshoot (signal)
Packet switching – Packet-switching node – Paired disparity code – PAL – Par meter – Parabolic antenna – Parabolic microphone – Parallel transmission – Parasitic element (electrical networks) – Parity bit – Passband – Passive radiator – Patch bay – Path loss – Path profile – Pauli exclusion principle – PBER – PCB layout guidelines – Peak envelope power – Peltier effect – Performance measurement period – Periodic antenna – Periscope antenna – Permeability – Permittivity – Personal Locator Beacon – Phantom circuit – Phantom loop – Phase – Phase distortion – Phase jitter – Phase modulation – Phase noise – Phase perturbation – Phased array – Phase-locked loop – Phase-shift keying – Philberth-Transformer – Phone connector (audio) – Photodiode – Photoelectric effect – Photolithography – Photon – Physical layer – Pickup – PID controller – Piezoelectricity – Pin grid array – Pirate radio – Planar array – Planck's constant – Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy – Point-to-point construction – Polarential telegraph system – Polarization – Polling – Polyphase system – Portable people meter – Potential difference – Potential divider – Power – Power connector – Power supply – Preamplifier – Preemphasis network – Preemphasis – Preferred values – Preventive maintenance – Primary channel – Primary line constants – Primary time standard – Principal clock – Printed circuit board – Processor register – Product detector – Programmable logic device – Propagation delay – Propagation mode – Propagation path obstruction – Propagation of schema – Proration – Pseudorandom noise – Pseudorandom number sequence – PSK31 – Pulse amplitude – Pulse duration – Pulse – Pulse-address multiple access – Pulse-code modulation – Pulsed inductive thruster – Pulse-width modulation – Push-to-talk operation – Push-to-type operation – Pyroelectricity
Q code – QRP operation – Q-switching – Quadrature amplitude modulation – Quadrature – Quality assurance – Quality control – Quantum harmonic oscillator – Quartz clock – Quasi-analog signal – Queuing delay
Race hazard – Radar – Radiation angle – Radiation mode – Radiation pattern – Radiation resistance – Radiator – Radio beam – Radio clock – Radio electronics – Radio frequency induction – Radio frequency – Radio horizon range – Radio horizon – Radio propagation – Radio range – Radio Row, Manhattan – Radio station – Radio – RadioShack – Radiotelephone – Radioteletype – Radix-64 – Railgun – Random-access memory – Ray transfer matrix analysis – RC circuit – RC – RCA jack – RCA – Reactance – Receive-after-transmit time delay – Received noise power – Receiver – Receiver attack-time delay – Reconnaissance satellite – Record medium – Reference antenna – Reference circuit – Reference clock – Reference noise – Reference surface – Reflection coefficient – Reflections of signals on conducting lines – Reflective array antenna – Refractive index contrast – Regenerative circuit – Register transfer level – Registered jack – Relational model – Relative transmission level – Relaxation oscillator – Relay – Release time – Remote Operations Service Element protocol – Remote sensing – Repair and maintenance – Repeater – Repeating coil – Reproduction speed – Reradiation – Resistor color code – Resistor – Resonance – Response time – Responsivity – Return loss – RF connector – RF modulator – RF power margin – RF probe – RF shielding – RFID – RGB color space – Rhombic antenna – Ring current – Ring latency – Ring modulation – Ringback signal – Ringdown –
RL circuit – RLC circuit – Robot – Rogowski coil – Root mean square – Routing indicator – RS-232 – RX – Rydberg formula
S/PDIF – Sacrificial anode – Sampling frequency – Scalar field – Scanner – Scanning electron microscope – SCART – Schematic – Schumann resonance – Scrambler – SECAM – Second audio program – Second-order intercept point – Security management – Self-clocking signal – Self-synchronizing code – Semiautomatic switching system – Semiconductor device – Semiconductor – Sensitivity – Sensor Networks – Separate channel signaling – Serial access – Serial ATA – Serial Peripheral Interface Bus – Serial transmission – Series and parallel circuits – Shadow loss – Shannon limit – Shannon's theorem – Short circuit – Shortwave – Shot noise – Shrinking generator – Side lobe – Sideband – Sidereal time – Siemens – Signal (information theory) – Signal compression – Signal processing gain – Signal processing – Signal reflection – Signal transition – Signal-to-crosstalk ratio – Signal-to-noise ratio – Signature block – Significant condition – Silicon bandgap temperature sensor – Silicon – Simplex circuit – Simplex signaling – Sinc filter – Single frequency networks – Single-phase electric power – Single-frequency signaling – Single-polarized antenna – Single-sideband modulation – Skew (antenna) – Skin effect – Skip zone – Skywave – Slant range – Slewing – Slew rate – Slot antenna – Slow-scan television – Software-defined radio – Solar cell – Soldering – Solenoid – Sound card – Space diversity – Space tether – Spark gap – Specific detectivity – Specification – Speckle pattern – Spectral width – Spectrum – Spectrum analyzer – Speed of light – Speed of service – SPICE – Spill-forward feature – Spillover – Spin glass – Spot beam – Spread spectrum – Spurious emission – Squelch – Standard telegraph level – Standard test signal – Standard test tone – Standing wave ratio – Standing wave – Starpath Supercharger – Start signal – Start-stop transmission – Static electricity – Steady-state condition – Step-index profile – Stoletov's law – Stop signal – Stopband – Store-and-forward switching center – Stressed environment – Strobe light – Stroke speed – Subcarrier – Subtractive synthesis – Sudden ionospheric disturbance – Supercomputer – Superconductivity – Superheterodyne receiver – Superparamagnetism – Superposition theorem – Supervisory program – Suppressed carrier transmission – Surface wave – Surface-mount technology – Surveillance device – Survivability – S-Video – Switch – Switched-mode power supply – Synchronism – Synchronization – Synchronizing – Synchronous network – Synchronous optical networking – Synthesizer – System integrity – Systems control
Table of standard electrode potentials – Tactical communications system – Tactical communications – Tactical data information link--A – Tantalum – Tape relay – T-carrier – Technical control facility – Telecommunication – Communications – Telecommunications service – Teleconference – Telegrapher's equations – Telegraphy – Telemetry – Telephone tapping – Teletext – Teletraining – Television – Television reception – TEMPEST – Tensor – Tesla coil – Tesla patents – Test antenna – Tether propulsion – Thermal noise – Thermistor – Thévenin's theorem – Third-order intercept point – TNC connector – Three phase – Time-assignment speech interpolation – Time-division multiple access – Time-division multiplexing – Time-domain reflectometer – Time-out – Tinfoil hat – Toll switching trunk – Total harmonic distortion – Total internal reflection – Traffic intensity – Traffic shaping – Transceiver – Transcoding – Transducer – Transformer – Transient electromagnetic device – Transimpedance amplifier – Transistor radio – Transistor – Transistor-transistor logic – TTL – Transition metal – Transmission coefficient – Transmission level point – Transmission line – Transmission medium – Medium – Transmit-after-receive time delay – Transmitter attack-time delay – Transmitter – Transmitter-studio link – Transparent latch – Transponder – Transverse redundancy check – Traveling-wave tube – TRF – Triangle wave – Trimline telephone – Troposphere – Tropospheric ducting – Tropospheric wave – Tuner – Twisted pair – TX
Ultra high frequency – Ultra Wideband – Ultraviolet – Unavailability – Uncertainty principle – Uniform linear array – Unijunction transistor – Unintentional radiator – Uplink – Upright position (electronics) – User (telecommunications)
VAC – Vačkář oscillator – Vacuum tube – Valence band – Variable length buffer – Varicap – Varistor – VDC – Vector field – Veroboard – Very high frequency – Very-large-scale integration – VHSIC hardware description language – Video cassette recorder – Video Game Console – Video Game – Video teleconference – Video teleconferencing unit – Video – Vintage amateur radio – Virtual circuit capability – Virtual circuit – Virtual ground – Voice frequency primary patch bay – Voice frequency – Volt- Voltage bias – Voltage-to-current converter – Voltmeter – Vox
Wardenclyffe Tower – Warner exemption – Watt – Wave impedance – Wave propagation – Wave – Waveform – Waveguide antenna – Waveguide – Wavelength division multiplexing – Wavelength – Wheatstone bridge – Whip antenna – White facsimile transmission – Wideband modem – Williams tube – Wink pulsing – Wire wrap – Wire – Wireless access point – Wireless community network – Wireless network – Wireless personal area network – Wireless – X-dimension of recorded spot – XLR connector
Zero dBm transmission level point – Zero insertion force (ZIF) – Zero-dispersion wavelength – Zigbee – Zig-zag in-line package – Zobel network – Zone melting – Z-transform
Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting messages with a radio wave. In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the wave is varied in proportion to that of the message signal, such as an audio signal. This technique contrasts with angle modulation, in which either the frequency of the carrier wave is varied, as in frequency modulation, or its phase, as in phase modulation.
In electronics and telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with a separate signal called the modulation signal that typically contains information to be transmitted. For example, the modulation signal might be an audio signal representing sound from a microphone, a video signal representing moving images from a video camera, or a digital signal representing a sequence of binary digits, a bitstream from a computer.
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the ability of electrical equipment and systems to function acceptably in their electromagnetic environment, by limiting the unintentional generation, propagation and reception of electromagnetic energy which may cause unwanted effects such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) or even physical damage to operational equipment. The goal of EMC is the correct operation of different equipment in a common electromagnetic environment. It is also the name given to the associated branch of electrical engineering.
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is encoded on a carrier signal by periodically shifting the frequency of the carrier between several discrete frequencies. The technology is used for communication systems such as telemetry, weather balloon radiosondes, caller ID, garage door openers, and low frequency radio transmission in the VLF and ELF bands. The simplest FSK is binary FSK (BFSK), in which the carrier is shifted between two discrete frequencies to transmit binary information.
In telecommunications and computer networking, multiplexing is a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium. The aim is to share a scarce resource – a physical transmission medium. For example, in telecommunications, several telephone calls may be carried using one wire. Multiplexing originated in telegraphy in the 1870s, and is now widely applied in communications. In telephony, George Owen Squier is credited with the development of telephone carrier multiplexing in 1910.
In electronics and telecommunications, a radio transmitter or just transmitter is an electronic device which produces radio waves with an antenna. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current, which is applied to the antenna. When excited by this alternating current, the antenna radiates radio waves.
Very low frequency or VLF is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3–30 kHz, corresponding to wavelengths from 100 to 10 km, respectively. The band is also known as the myriameter band or myriameter wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten myriameters. Due to its limited bandwidth, audio (voice) transmission is highly impractical in this band, and therefore only low data rate coded signals are used. The VLF band is used for a few radio navigation services, government time radio stations and for secure military communication. Since VLF waves can penetrate at least 40 meters (131 ft) into saltwater, they are used for military communication with submarines.
A continuous wave or continuous waveform (CW) is an electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency, typically a sine wave, that for mathematical analysis is considered to be of infinite duration. It may refer to e.g. a laser or particle accelerator having a continuous output, as opposed to a pulsed output.
In radio communications, a radio receiver, also known as a receiver, a wireless, or simply a radio, is an electronic device that receives radio waves and converts the information carried by them to a usable form. It is used with an antenna. The antenna intercepts radio waves and converts them to tiny alternating currents which are applied to the receiver, and the receiver extracts the desired information. The receiver uses electronic filters to separate the desired radio frequency signal from all the other signals picked up by the antenna, an electronic amplifier to increase the power of the signal for further processing, and finally recovers the desired information through demodulation.
Electromagnetic interference (EMI), also called radio-frequency interference (RFI) when in the radio frequency spectrum, is a disturbance generated by an external source that affects an electrical circuit by electromagnetic induction, electrostatic coupling, or conduction. The disturbance may degrade the performance of the circuit or even stop it from functioning. In the case of a data path, these effects can range from an increase in error rate to a total loss of the data. Both human-made and natural sources generate changing electrical currents and voltages that can cause EMI: ignition systems, cellular network of mobile phones, lightning, solar flares, and auroras. EMI frequently affects AM radios. It can also affect mobile phones, FM radios, and televisions, as well as observations for radio astronomy and atmospheric science.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to electrical engineering.
This is an alphabetical list of articles pertaining specifically to electrical and electronics engineering. For a thematic list, please see List of electrical engineering topics. For a broad overview of engineering, see List of engineering topics. For biographies, see List of engineers.
A radio transmitter or just transmitter is an electronic device which produces radio waves with an antenna. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies between about 30 Hz and 300 GHz. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current, which is applied to the antenna. When excited by this alternating current, the antenna radiates radio waves. Transmitters are necessary parts of all systems that use radio: radio and television broadcasting, cell phones, wireless networks, radar, two way radios like walkie talkies, radio navigation systems like GPS, remote entry systems, among numerous other uses.
Both electrical and electronics engineers typically possess an academic degree with a major in electrical/ electronics engineering. The length of study for such a degree is usually three or four years and the completed degree may be designated as a Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Applied Science depending upon the university.
In radio, a detector is a device or circuit that extracts information from a modulated radio frequency current or voltage. The term dates from the first three decades of radio (1888-1918). Unlike modern radio stations which transmit sound on an uninterrupted carrier wave, early radio stations transmitted information by radiotelegraphy. The transmitter was switched on and off to produce long or short periods of radio waves, spelling out text messages in Morse code. Therefore, early radio receivers did not have to demodulate the radio signal, but just distinguish between the presence or absence of a radio signal, to reproduce the Morse code "dots" and "dashes". The device that performed this function in the receiver circuit was called a detector. A variety of different detector devices, such as the coherer, electrolytic detector, magnetic detector and the crystal detector, were used during the wireless telegraphy era until superseded by vacuum tube technology.
Radio-frequency (RF) engineering is a subset of electrical engineering involving the application of transmission line, waveguide, antenna and electromagnetic field principles to the design and application of devices that produce or use signals within the radio band, the frequency range of about 20 kHz up to 300 GHz.
Electronic engineering is a sub-discipline of electrical engineering that emerged in the early 20th century and is distinguished by the additional use of active components such as semiconductor devices to amplify and control electric current flow. Previously electrical engineering only used passive devices such as mechanical switches, resistors, inductors, and capacitors.
A digital signal is a signal that represents data as a sequence of discrete values; at any given time it can only take on, at most, one of a finite number of values. This contrasts with an analog signal, which represents continuous values; at any given time it represents a real number within a continuous range of values.
In signal processing, noise is a general term for unwanted modifications that a signal may suffer during capture, storage, transmission, processing, or conversion.
This glossary of electrical and electronics engineering is a list of definitions of terms and concepts related specifically to electrical engineering and electronics engineering. For terms related to engineering in general, see Glossary of engineering.
