2020 United States presidential election in Texas

For related races, see 2020 United States presidential election.

2020 United States presidential election in Texas

←  2016 November 3, 2020 2024  →
Turnout	66.73% (of registered voters) [1] 52.39% (of voting age population) [2]
Nominee Donald Trump Joe Biden Party Republican Democratic Home state Florida Delaware Running mate Mike Pence Kamala Harris Electoral vote 38 0 Popular vote 5,890,347 5,259,126 Percentage 52.06% 46.48%
County results Congressional district results State Senate district results Precinct results Trump   40–50%   50–60%   60–70%   70–80%   80–90%   90–100% Biden   40–50%   50–60%   60–70%   70–80%   80–90%   90–100%
President before election Donald Trump Republican Elected President Joe Biden Democratic

The 2020 United States presidential election in Texas was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. ^[3] Texas voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, incumbent President Donald Trump, and running mate, Vice President Mike Pence, against the Democratic Party's nominee, former Vice President Joe Biden, and his running mate, California Senator Kamala Harris. The state of Texas had 38 electoral votes in the Electoral College. ^[4]

Although it was considered a vulnerable state for Trump by some pollsters and experts and a potential upset victory for Biden due to its recent demographic trends, Texas was again won by Trump with 52.1% of the vote, roughly the same percentage he carried it with in 2016. Biden improved on Hillary Clinton's 2016 vote share by 3.24 points, giving him the largest percentage in the state by a Democratic presidential candidate since Jimmy Carter carried the state in 1976. Trump's 5.58% margin of victory was the narrowest for a Republican since 1996. Texas was the third-narrowest of Trump's state victories, behind only Florida and North Carolina, and the ninth-closest state overall. The election was also the first time Texas placed among the ten closest states since 1968, and the first time since 1976 that Texas voted to the left of Ohio. ^{[5] [6]}

Voter turnout in the state increased to its highest level since 1992, when two Texans, George H. W. Bush and Ross Perot, were on the ballot, and the last time Texas was considered to be a battleground state. ^[7]

Primary elections

Republican primary

Further information: 2020 Texas Republican presidential primary

The Republican primary was held on March 3, 2020. Donald Trump and Bill Weld were the only declared Republican candidates, as former South Carolina Governor and U.S. Representative Mark Sanford and U.S. Representative Joe Walsh had dropped out. Texas Governor Greg Abbott declined to run against Trump, as did 2016 Republican primary candidate and current senator Ted Cruz. ^{[8] [9]} The primary was won overwhelmingly by Trump with over 94% of the vote.

This section is an excerpt from 2020 Texas Republican presidential primary § TXresults.[ edit ]

2020 Texas Republican Party presidential primary [10]
Candidate	Popular vote		Delegates
	Count	Percentage
Donald Trump (incumbent)	1,898,664	94.13%	117
Uncommitted	71,803	3.56%	0
Bill Weld	15,739	0.78%	0
Joe Walsh	15,824	0.78%	0
Rocky De La Fuente	7,563	0.38%	0
Bob Ely	3,582	0.37%	0
Matthew Matern	3,525	0.18%	0
Zoltan Istvan	1,447	0.07%	0
Total:	2,017,167	100%	155

Democratic primary

Further information: 2020 Texas Democratic presidential primary

The Democratic primary was held on March 3, 2020. Elizabeth Warren, Bernie Sanders, Michael Bloomberg and Joe Biden were among the major declared candidates. ^{[11] [12] [13]} The primary was won by Biden, with Sanders coming second.

This section is an excerpt from 2020 Texas Democratic presidential primary § TXresults.[ edit ]

Popular vote share by county

Biden—<30%   Biden—30–40%   Biden—40–50%   Biden—50–60%   Biden—60–70%   Bloomberg—<30%   Bloomberg—30–40%   Bloomberg—50–60%

Sanders—<30%   Sanders—30–40%   Sanders—40–50%   Sanders—50–60%   Sanders—50–60%   Warren—<30%   Tie   Tie

2020 Texas Democratic presidential primary ^[14]

Candidate	Votes	%	Delegates [15]
Joe Biden	725,562	34.64	113
Bernie Sanders	626,339	29.91	99
Michael Bloomberg	300,608	14.35	11
Elizabeth Warren	239,237	11.42	5
Pete Buttigieg (withdrawn) [a]	82,671	3.95
Amy Klobuchar (withdrawn) [a]	43,291	2.07
Julian Castro (withdrawn)	16,688	0.80
Tom Steyer (withdrawn) [a]	13,929	0.67
Michael Bennet (withdrawn)	10,324	0.49
Tulsi Gabbard	8,688	0.41
Andrew Yang (withdrawn)	6,674	0.32
Cory Booker (withdrawn)	4,941	0.24
Marianne Williamson (withdrawn)	3,918	0.19
John Delaney (withdrawn)	3,280	0.16
Deval Patrick (withdrawn)	1,304	0.06
Other candidates	6,974	0.33
Total	2,094,428	100%	228

General election

Final predictions

Source	Ranking
The Cook Political Report [16]	Tossup
Inside Elections [17]	Tossup
Sabato's Crystal Ball [18]	Lean R
Politico [19]	Lean R
RCP [20]	Tossup
Niskanen [21]	Tossup
CNN [22]	Lean R
The Economist [23]	Lean R
CBS News [24]	Lean R
270towin [25]	Lean R
ABC News [26]	Tossup
NPR [27]	Tossup
NBC News [28]	Tossup
538 [29]	Lean R

Polling

Aggregate polls

Source of poll aggregation	Dates administered	Dates updated	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided [b]	Margin
270 to Win [30]	Oct 29, 2020 – November 2, 2020	November 3, 2020	47.5%	48.8%	3.7%	Trump +1.3
Real Clear Politics [31]	October 20–31, 2020	November 3, 2020	46.5%	47.8%	5.7%	Trump +1.3
FiveThirtyEight [32]	until November 2, 2020	November 3, 2020	47.4%	48.6%	4.0%	Trump +1.1
Average			47.1%	48.4%	4.5%	Trump +1.2

Polls

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size [c]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Jo Jorgensen Libertarian	Howie Hawkins Green	Other	Undecided
SurveyMonkey/Axios [33]	Oct 20 – Nov 2, 2020	9,226 (LV)	± 1.5%	51% [d]	47%	–	–	–	–
Swayable [34]	Oct 27 – Nov 1, 2020	1,151 (LV)	± 3.9%	51%	47%	1%	0%	–	–
Data For Progress [35]	Oct 27 – Nov 1, 2020	926 (LV)	± 3.2%	48%	49%	1%	1%	0% [e]	–
AtlasIntel [36]	Oct 30–31, 2020	686 (LV)	± 4%	50%	47%	–	–	3%	–
Emerson College [37]	Oct 29–31, 2020	763 (LV)	± 3.5%	49% [f]	48%	-	-	2% [g]	–
Morning Consult [38]	Oct 22–31, 2020	3,267 (LV)	± 2%	48%	48%	–	–	–	–
Public Policy Polling [39]	Oct 28–29, 2020	775 (V)	–	48%	50%	–	–	–	2%
Gravis Marketing [40]	Oct 27–28, 2020	670 (LV)	± 3.8%	50%	45%	–	–	–	5%
RMG Research/PoliticalIQ [41]	Oct 27–28, 2020	800 (LV)	± 3.5%	50% [h]	46%	–	–	2% [g]	2%
				48% [i]	48%	–	–	2% [g]	2%
				52% [j]	44%	–	–	2% [g]	2%
SurveyMonkey/Axios [33]	Oct 1–28, 2020	15,145 (LV)	–	51%	47%	–	–	–	–
Swayable [42]	Oct 23–26, 2020	552 (LV)	± 5.7%	49%	48%	3%	1%	–	–
YouGov/UMass Amherst [43]	Oct 20–26, 2020	873 (LV)	± 4.2%	48%	47%	2%	1%	0% [k]	1%
Data for Progress (D) [44]	Oct 22–25, 2020	1,018 (LV)	± 3.1%	48%	49%	1%	0%	–	2%
Siena College/NYT Upshot [45]	Oct 20–25, 2020	802 (LV)	± 3.8%	47%	43%	3%	0%	2% [l]	5% [m]
Univision/University of Houston/Latino Decisions/North Star Opinion Research [46]	Oct 17–25, 2020	758 (RV)	± 3.56%	49%	46%	–	–	3% [n]	2%
Citizen Data [47]	Oct 17–20, 2020	1,000 (LV)	± 3%	45%	49%	1%	0%	1%	4%
YouGov/University of Houston [48]	Oct 13–20, 2020	1,000 (LV)	± 3.1%	50%	45%	2%	0%	–	3%
University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas Morning News [49]	Oct 13–20, 2020	925 (LV)	± 3.2%	47% [f]	49%	3%	1%	–	1%
Morning Consult [38]	Oct 11–20, 2020	3,347 (LV)	± 1.7%	47%	48%	–	–	–	–
Quinnipiac University [50]	Oct 16–19, 2020	1,145 (LV)	± 2.9%	47%	47%	–	–	1% [o]	5%
Data for Progress (D) [51]	Oct 15–18, 2020	933 (LV)	± 3.2%	46% [f]	47%	2%	1%	–	5%
Morning Consult [52]	Oct 2–11, 2020	3,455 (LV)	± 1.7%	49%	47%	–	–	–	3%
Public Policy Polling/Texas Democrats [53] [A]	Oct 7–8, 2020	721 (LV)	± 3.6%	48%	48%	–	–	–	1%
YouGov/CCES [54]	Sep 29 – Oct 7, 2020	2,947 (LV)	–	49%	47%	–	–	–	–
Morning Consult [55]	Sep 28 – Oct 7, 2020	~2,700 (LV)	± 2%	49%	46%	–	–	–	–
Pulse Opinion Research/Rasmussen Reports/Crosswind PR [56]	Oct 5–6, 2020	1,000 (LV)	± 3%	51%	44%	–	–	–	–
Civiqs/Daily Kos [57]	Oct 3–6, 2020	895 (LV)	± 3.4%	48%	48%	–	–	2% [g]	1%
Data For Progress (D) [58]	Sep 30 – Oct 5, 2020	1,949 (LV)	± 2.2%	45%	47%	2%	1%	–	5%
YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Tribune [59]	Sep 25 – Oct 4, 2020	908 (LV)	± 3.25%	50%	45%	2%	2%	1% [o]	–
EMC Research/Blue Texas PAC [60] [B]	Sep 27 – Oct 2, 2020	848 (LV)	–	49%	49%	–	–	–	–
SurveyMonkey/Axios [33]	Sep 1–30, 2020	13,395 (LV)	–	52%	46%	–	–	–	2%
Hart Research Associates/Human Rights Campaign [61] [C]	Sep 24–27, 2020	400 (LV)	± 4.9%	49%	47%	–	–	–	–
Morning Consult [55]	Sep 18–27, 2020	~2,700 (LV)	± 2%	48%	47%	–	–	–	–
Public Policy Polling/Texas Democrats [62] Archived October 8, 2020, at the Wayback Machine [D]	Sep 25–26, 2020	612 (LV)	± 3.6%	48%	48%	–	–	–	4%
YouGov/UMass Lowell [63]	Sep 18–25, 2020	882 (LV)	± 4.3%	49% [p]	46%	2%	1%	1% [q]	1%
				50% [r]	46%	–	–	2% [s]	2%
Data For Progress [64] [E]	Sep 18–22, 2020	726 (LV)	± 3.6%	47%	45%	–	–	–	9%
Siena College/NYT Upshot [65]	Sep 16–22, 2020	653 (LV)	± 4.3%	46%	43%	1%	1%	0% [t]	9% [m]
Quinnipiac University [66]	Sep 17–21, 2020	1,078 (LV)	± 3%	50%	45%	–	–	No voters	4%
YouGov/CBS [67]	Sep 15–18, 2020	1,129 (LV)	± 3.5%	48%	46%	–	–	2% [u]	4%
Morning Consult [55]	Sep 8–17, 2020	~2,700 (LV)	± 2%	47%	47%	–	–	–	–
Morning Consult [68]	Aug 29 – Sep 7, 2020	2,829 (LV)	± 2%	46% [v]	46%	–	–	–	–
Public Policy Polling/Giffords [69] [F]	Sep 1–2, 2020	743 (V)	–	48%	47%	–	–	–	5%
University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas Morning News [70]	Aug 28 – Sep 2, 2020	901 (LV)	± 3.26%	49% [f]	47%	1%	1%	1%	–
SurveyMonkey/Axios [33]	Aug 1–31, 2020	12,607 (LV)	–	52%	46%	–	–	–	2%
Morning Consult [71]	Aug 21–30, 2020	2,632 (LV)	± 2%	48% [v]	47%	–	–	–	–
Tyson Group/Consumer Energy Alliance [72] [G]	Aug 20–25, 2020	906 (LV)	± 3%	44%	48%	0%	–	0% [w]	5%
Data for Progress/Texas Youth Power Alliance [73]	Aug 20–25, 2020	2,295 (LV)	± 2.0%	45%	48%	–	–	–	8%
Public Policy Polling/Texas Democrats [74] [H]	Aug 21–22, 2020	764 (RV)	± 3.6%	47%	48%	–	–	–	5%
Morning Consult [55]	Aug 13–22, 2020	~2,700 (LV)	± 2%	48%	47%	–	–	–	–
Morning Consult [71]	Aug 7–16, 2020	2,559 (LV)	± 2%	47% [x]	46%	–	–	–	–
Global Strategy Group/Chrysta for Texas [75] [I]	Aug 11–13, 2020	700 (LV)	± 3.7%	45%	47%	–	–	–	–
YouGov/Texas Hispanic Policy Foundation/Rice University's Baker Institute [76]	Aug 4–13, 2020	846 (RV)	–	48%	41%	1%	1%	–	10.2%
		– (LV) [J]		50%	44%	1%	0%	–	5%
Trafalgar Group (R) [77]	Aug 1–5, 2020	1,015 (LV)	± 3.0%	49%	43%	2%	–	2% [y]	3%
Morning Consult [55]	Aug 3–12, 2020	~2,700 (LV)	± 2.0%	47%	46%	–	–	–	–
Morning Consult [78]	Jul 24 – Aug 2, 2020	2,576 (LV)	± 2.0%	46% [v]	47%	–	–	2% [g]	5%
SurveyMonkey/Axios [33]	Jul 1–31, 2020	13,721 (LV)	–	52%	46%	–	–	–	2%
Morning Consult [79]	Jul 17–26, 2020	2,685 (LV)	± 1.9%	45% [x]	47%	–	–	–	–
Morning Consult [79]	Jul 16–25, 2020	≈2,700 (LV) [z]	± 2.0%	45%	47%	–	–	–	–
Spry Strategies/American Principles Project [80] [K]	Jul 16–20, 2020	750 (LV)	± 3.5%	49%	45%	–	–	–	6%
Quinnipiac University [81]	Jul 16–20, 2020	880 (RV)	± 3.3%	44%	45%	–	–	7% [aa]	4%
Morning Consult [79]	Jul 6–15, 2020	– (LV) [z]	–	46%	46%	–	–	–	–
YouGov/CBS [82]	Jul 7–10, 2020	1,185 (LV)	± 3.6%	46%	45%	–	–	4% [ab]	6%
Gravis Marketing/OANN [83]	Jul 7, 2020	591 (LV)	± 4.3%	46%	44%	–	–	–	–
Dallas Morning News/University of Texas at Tyler [84]	Jun 29 – Jul 7, 2020	1,677 (LV)	± 2.4%	43%	48%	–	–	4%	5%
Morning Consult [79]	Jun 26 – Jul 5, 2020	– (LV) [z]	–	46%	45%	–	–	–	–
SurveyMonkey/Axios [33]	Jun 8–30, 2020	6,669 (LV)	–	51%	46%	–	–	–	2%
YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Politics Project [85]	Jun 19–29, 2020	1,200 (RV)	± 2.89%	48%	44%	–	–	–	8%
Public Policy Polling [86]	Jun 24–25, 2020	729 (RV)	± 3.6%	46%	48%	–	–	–	5%
Morning Consult [79]	Jun 16–25, 2020	– (LV) [z]	–	47%	44%	–	–	–	–
Fox News [87]	Jun 20–23, 2020	1,001 (RV)	± 3%	44%	45%	–	–	5% [ac]	5%
Public Policy Polling/Progress Texas [88] [L]	Jun 18–19, 2020	907 (V)	± 3%	48%	46%	–	–	–	6%
Morning Consult [79]	Jun 6–15, 2020	– (LV) [z]	–	48%	45%	–	–	–	–
Morning Consult [79]	May 27 – Jun 5, 2020	– (LV) [z]	–	48%	43%	–	–	–	–
Public Policy Polling/Texas Democrats [89] [M]	Jun 2–3, 2020	683 (V)	–	48%	48%	–	–	–	4%
Quinnipiac [90]	May 28 – Jun 1, 2020	1,166 (RV)	± 2.9%	44%	43%	–	–	6% [ad]	7%
Morning Consult [79]	May 17–26, 2020	2,551 (LV)	–	50% [v]	43%	–	–	–	–
Morning Consult [79]	May 16–25, 2020	– (LV) [z]	–	50%	42%	–	–	–	–
Morning Consult [79]	May 6–15, 2020	– (LV) [z]	–	49%	43%	–	–	–	–
Emerson College [91]	May 8–10, 2020	800 (RV)	± 3.4%	52% [ae]	48%	–	–	–	–
Public Policy Polling [92]	Apr 27–28, 2020	1,032 (V)	–	46%	47%	–	–	–	7%
Dallas Morning News/University of Texas at Tyler [93]	Apr 18–27, 2020	1,183 (RV)	± 2.85%	43%	43%	–	–	5%	9%
University of Texas/Texas Tribune [94]	Apr 10–19, 2020	1,200 (RV)	± 2.8%	49%	44%	–	–	–	7%
AtlasIntel [95]	Feb 24 – Mar 2, 2020	1,100 (RV)	± 3.0%	47%	43%	–	–	11%	–
NBC News/Marist College [96]	Feb 23–27, 2020	2,409 (RV)	± 2.5%	49%	45%	–	–	1%	5%
CNN/SSRS [97]	Feb 22–26, 2020	1,003 (RV)	± 3.4%	47%	48%	–	–	3% [af]	2%
Univision [98]	Feb 21–26, 2020	1,004 (RV)	± 3.1%	43%	46%	–	–	–	11%
Dallas Morning News/University of Texas at Tyler [99]	Feb 17–26, 2020	1,221 (RV)	± 2.8%	45%	44%	–	–	11%	–
YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Tribune [100]	Jan 31 – Feb 9, 2020	1,200 (RV)	± 2.83%	47%	44%	–	–	–	10%
University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News [101]	Jan 21–30, 2020	910 (LV)	± 3.24%	46%	44%	–	–	10% [ag]	–
Data For Progress [102] [N]	Jan 16–21, 2020	1,486 (LV)	–	54%	40%	–	–	3% [ah]	3%
Texas Lyceum [103]	Jan 10–19, 2020	520 (LV)	± 4.3%	51%	46%	–	–	–	3%
CNN/SSRS [104]	Dec 4–9, 2019	1,003 (RV)	–	48%	47%	–	–	2% [ai]	3%
Beacon Research (R) [105]	Nov 9–21, 2019	1,601 (RV)	± 3.0%	45%	44%	–	–	–	–
University of Texas at Tyler [106]	Nov 5–14, 2019	1,093 (RV)	± 3.0%	45%	39%	–	–	–	16%
University of Texas/Texas Tribune [107]	Oct 18–27, 2019	1,200 (RV)	± 2.8%	46%	39%	–	–	9% [aj]	6%
University of Texas at Tyler [108]	Sep 13–15, 2019	1,199 (RV)	± 2.8%	38%	40%	–	–	13%	9%
Univision [109]	Aug 31 – Sep 6, 2019	1,004 (RV)	–	43%	47%	–	–	–	10%
Climate Nexus [110]	Aug 20–25, 2019	1,660 (RV)	± 2.4%	43%	43%	–	–	–	9%
University of Texas at Tyler [111]	Aug 1–4, 2019	1,261 (RV)	± 2.8%	37%	41%	–	–	14%	8%
Emerson [112]	Aug 1–3, 2019	1,033 (RV)	± 3.0%	49%	51%	–	–	–	–
University of Texas at Tyler [113]	Jul 24–27, 2019	1,414 (RV)	± 2.6%	37%	37%	–	–	12%	14%
Quinnipiac University [114]	May 29 – Jun 4, 2019	1,159 (RV)	± 3.4%	44%	48%	–	–	1%	4%
WPA Intelligence [115]	Apr 27–30, 2019	200 (LV)	± 6.9%	49%	42%	–	–	–	7%
Emerson College [116]	Apr 25–28, 2019	799 (RV)	± 3.4%	50% [ae]	51%	–	–	–	–
Quinnipiac University [117]	Feb 20–25, 2019	1,222 (RV)	± 3.4%	47%	46%	–	–	1%	5%
Public Policy Polling (D) [118] [O]	Feb 13–14, 2019	743 (RV)	± 3.6%	49%	46%	–	–	–	5%

Former candidates

Donald Trump vs. Bernie Sanders Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Bernie Sanders (D) Other Undecided AtlasIntel [95] Feb 24 – Mar 2, 2020 1,100 (RV) ± 3.0% 49% 43% 9% – NBC News/Marist College [96] Feb 23–27, 2020 2,409 (RV) ± 2.5% 49% 45% 1% 5% CNN/SSRS [97] Feb 22–26, 2020 1,003 (RV) ± 3.4% 48% 46% 3% [ak] 3% Univision [98] Feb 21–26, 2020 1,004 (RV) ± 3.1% 45% 45% – 10% Dallas Morning News/University of Texas at Tyler [99] Feb 17–26, 2020 1,221 (RV) ± 2.8% 45% 44% 11% – YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Tribune [100] Jan 31 – Feb 9, 2020 1,200 (RV) ± 2.83% 47% 45% – 7% University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News [119] Jan 21–30, 2020 910 (LV) ± 3.24% 47% 42% 12% [al] – Data for Progress [120] [N] Jan 16–21, 2020 1,486 (LV) – 55% 40% 3% [ah] 2% Texas Lyceum [103] Jan 10–19, 2020 520 (LV) ± 4.3% 50% 47% – 3% CNN/SSRS [104] Dec 4–9, 2019 1,003 (RV) – 50% 43% 4% [am] 3% University of Texas at Tyler [106] Nov 5–14, 2019 1,093 (RV) ± 3.0% 44% 40% – 16% University of Texas/Texas Tribune [121] Oct 18–27, 2019 1,200 (RV) ± 2.8% 45% 40% 9% [aj] 5% University of Texas at Tyler [108] Sep 13–15, 2019 1,199 (RV) ± 2.8% 40% 38% 14% 8% Univision [109] Aug 31 – Sep 6, 2019 1,004 (RV) – 42% 48% – 10% Climate Nexus [110] Aug 20–25, 2019 1,660 (RV) ± 2.4% 45% 41% – 7% University of Texas at Tyler [111] Aug 1–4, 2019 1,261 (RV) ± 2.8% 38% 42% 13% 7% Emerson [112] Aug 1–3, 2019 1,033 (RV) ± 3.0% 49% 51% – – University of Texas at Tyler [113] Jul 24–27, 2019 1,414 (RV) ± 2.6% 37% 39% 11% 12% Quinnipiac University [114] May 29 – Jun 4, 2019 1,159 (RV) ± 3.4% 47% 44% 1% 4% Emerson College [116] Apr 25–28, 2019 799 (RV) ± 3.4% 51% [ae] 49% – – Quinnipiac University [117] Feb 20–25, 2019 1,222 (RV) ± 3.4% 47% 45% 2% 4% Donald Trump vs. Elizabeth Warren Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Elizabeth Warren (D) Other Undecided AtlasIntel [95] Feb 24 – Mar 2, 2020 1,100 (RV) ± 3.0% 49% 40% 12% – CNN/SSRS [97] Feb 22–26, 2020 1,003 (RV) ± 3.4% 47% 47% 2% [ai] 4% Univision [98] Feb 21–26, 2020 1,004 (RV) ± 3.1% 48% 41% – 11% Dallas Morning News/University of Texas at Tyler [99] Feb 17–26, 2020 1,221 (RV) ± 2.8% 47% 37% 16% - YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Tribune [100] Jan 31 – Feb 9, 2020 1,200 (RV) ± 2.83% 47% 44% – 9% University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News [122] Jan 21–30, 2020 907 (LV) ± 3.24% 48% 41% 12% [al] – Data for Progress [120] [N] Jan 16–21, 2020 1,486 (LV) – 56% 38% 3% [ah] 3% Texas Lyceum [103] Jan 10–19, 2020 520 (LV) ± 4.3% 50% 43% – 7% CNN/SSRS [104] Dec 4–9, 2019 1,003 (RV) – 51% 44% 3% [af] 2% Beacon Research (R) [105] Nov 9–21, 2019 1,601 (RV) ± 3.0% 46% 41% – – University of Texas at Tyler [106] Nov 5–14, 2019 1,093 (RV) ± 3.0% 46% 35% – 20% University of Texas/Texas Tribune [121] Oct 18–27, 2019 1,200 (RV) ± 2.8% 46% 39% 10% [an] 6% University of Texas at Tyler [108] Sep 13–15, 2019 1,199 (RV) ± 2.8% 40% 37% 15% 9% Univision [109] Aug 31 – Sep 6, 2019 1,004 (RV) – 42% 44% – 14% Emerson [112] Aug 1–3, 2019 1,033 (RV) ± 3.0% 52% 48% – – Quinnipiac University [114] May 29 – Jun 4, 2019 1,159 (RV) ± 3.4% 46% 45% 1% 5% Emerson College [116] Apr 25–28, 2019 799 (RV) ± 3.4% 53% 47% – – Quinnipiac University [117] Feb 20–25, 2019 1,222 (RV) ± 3.4% 48% 41% 2% 6% Donald Trump vs. Michael Bloomberg Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Michael Bloomberg (D) Other Undecided AtlasIntel [95] Feb 24 – Mar 2, 2020 1,100 (RV) ± 3.0% 48% 36% 17% – CNN/SSRS [97] Feb 22–26, 2020 1,003 (RV) ± 3.4% 47% 46% 3% [ak] 4% Univision [98] Feb 21–26, 2020 1,004 (RV) ± 3.1% 43% 44% – 13% Dallas Morning News/University of Texas at Tyler [99] Feb 17–26, 2020 1,221 (RV) ± 2.8% 45% 44% 10% - YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Tribune [100] Jan 31 – Feb 9, 2020 1,200 (RV) ± 2.83% 46% 41% – 13% University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News [123] Jan 21–30, 2020 906 (LV) ± 3.24% 47% 44% 9% [ao] – Donald Trump vs. Amy Klobuchar Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Amy Klobuchar (D) Other Undecided CNN/SSRS [97] Feb 22–26, 2020 1,003 (RV) ± 3.4% 48% 45% 2% [ai] 5% Univision [98] Feb 21–26, 2020 1,004 (RV) ± 3.1% 46% 39% – 15% Dallas Morning News/University of Texas at Tyler [99] Feb 17–26, 2020 1,221 (RV) ± 2.8% 45% 38% 17% - YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Tribune [100] Jan 31 – Feb 9, 2020 1,200 (RV) ± 2.83% 46% 41% – 13% University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News [124] Jan 21–30, 2020 909 (LV) ± 3.24% 46% 38% 16% [ap] – Donald Trump vs. Pete Buttigieg Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Pete Buttigieg (D) Other Undecided CNN/SSRS [97] Feb 22–26, 2020 1,003 (RV) ± 3.4% 47% 46% 2% [ai] 4% Univision [98] Feb 21–26, 2020 1,004 (RV) ± 3.1% 46% 40% – 15% Dallas Morning News/University of Texas at Tyler [99] Feb 17–26, 2020 1,221 (RV) ± 2.8% 45% 41% 15% - YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Tribune [125] Jan 31 – Feb 9, 2020 1,200 (RV) ± 2.83% 47% 42% – 11% University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News [126] Jan 21–30, 2020 905 (LV) ± 3.24% 47% 37% 15% [aq] – Data for Progress [120] [N] Jan 16–21, 2020 1,486 (LV) – 56% 36% 4% [ar] 4% Texas Lyceum [103] Jan 10–19, 2020 520 (LV) ± 4.3% 51% 43% – 6% CNN/SSRS [104] Dec 4–9, 2019 1,003 (RV) – 50% 43% 2% [ai] 6% University of Texas at Tyler [106] Nov 5–14, 2019 1,093 (RV) ± 3.0% 45% 33% - 22% University of Texas at Tyler [108] Sep 13–15, 2019 1,199 (RV) ± 2.8% 39% 30% 21% 10% Emerson [112] Aug 1–3, 2019 1,033 (RV) ± 3.0% 52% 48% – – Quinnipiac University [114] May 29 – Jun 4, 2019 1,159 (RV) ± 3.4% 46% 44% 1% 6% Emerson College [116] Apr 25–28, 2019 799 (RV) ± 3.4% 54% 46% – – Donald Trump vs. Tom Steyer Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Tom Steyer (D) Other Undecided University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News [127] Jan 21–30, 2020 909 (LV) ± 3.24% 47% 36% 17% [as] – Donald Trump vs. Andrew Yang Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Andrew Yang (D) Other Undecided YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Tribune [100] Jan 31 – Feb 9, 2020 1,200 (RV) ± 2.83% 45% 43% – 12% Donald Trump vs. Cory Booker Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Cory Booker (D) Other Undecided Univision [109] Aug 31 – Sep 6, 2019 1,004 (RV) – 41% 43% – 16% with Donald Trump and Julian Castro Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Julian Castro (D) Other Undecided University of Texas at Tyler [106] Nov 5–14, 2019 1,093 (RV) ± 3.0% 45% 34% – 21% University of Texas/Texas Tribune [128] Oct 18–27, 2019 1,200 (RV) ± 2.8% 46% 33% 14% [at] 7% Univision [109] Aug 31 – Sep 6, 2019 1,004 (RV) – 41% 44% – 16% Emerson [112] Aug 1–3, 2019 1,033 (RV) ± 3.0% 53% 47% – – Quinnipiac University [114] May 29 – Jun 4, 2019 1,159 (RV) ± 3.4% 46% 43% 1% 6% Quinnipiac University [117] Feb 20–25, 2019 1,222 (RV) ± 3.4% 46% 41% 2% 8% with Donald Trump and Kamala Harris Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Kamala Harris (D) Other Undecided University of Texas at Tyler [106] Nov 5–14, 2019 1,093 (RV) ± 3.0% 46% 33% - 21% University of Texas at Tyler [108] Sep 13–15, 2019 1,199 (RV) ± 2.8% 39% 32% 19% 10% Univision [109] Aug 31 – Sep 6, 2019 1,004 (RV) – 44% 45% – 11% Emerson [112] Aug 1–3, 2019 1,033 (RV) ± 3.0% 54% 46% – – Quinnipiac University [114] May 29 – Jun 4, 2019 1,159 (RV) ± 3.4% 47% 43% 1% 6% Emerson College [116] Apr 25–28, 2019 799 (RV) ± 3.4% 54% 46% – – Quinnipiac University [117] Feb 20–25, 2019 1,222 (RV) ± 3.4% 48% 41% 2% 5% Public Policy Polling (D) [118] [O] Feb 13–14, 2019 743 (RV) ± 3.6% 49% 40% – 11% with Donald Trump and Beto O'Rourke Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Beto O'Rourke (D) Other Undecided University of Texas/Texas Tribune [107] Oct 18–27, 2019 1,200 (RV) ± 2.8% 47% 41% 7% [au] 5% University of Texas at Tyler [108] Sep 13–15, 2019 1,199 (RV) ± 2.8% 40% 42% 11% 8% Emerson [112] Aug 1–3, 2019 1,033 (RV) ± 3.0% 52% 48% – – Quinnipiac University [114] May 29 – Jun 4, 2019 1,159 (RV) ± 3.4% 48% 45% 1% 3% Emerson College [116] Apr 25–28, 2019 799 (RV) ± 3.4% 50% 50% – – Quinnipiac University [117] Feb 20–25, 2019 1,222 (RV) ± 3.4% 47% 46% 1% 4% Atlantic Media & Research (R) [129] [P] Jan 5–11, 2019 504 (LV) ± 4.4% 52% 39% – –

Hypothetical polling

with Donald Trump and Mark Cuban Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Mark Cuban (D) Undecided Public Policy Polling [130] Dec 2017 – (V) [z] – 44% 47% – with Donald Trump and a Generic Democrat Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Generic Democrat (D) Undecided Univision [109] Aug 31 – Sep 6, 2019 1,004 (RV) – 42% 47% 11% with Donald Trump and a generic opponent Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size [c] Margin of error Donald Trump (R) Generic Opponent Undecided University of Texas/Texas Tribune [131] Apr 10–19, 2020 1,200 (RV) ± 2.8% 49% 50% [av] 7% University of Texas/Texas Tribune [132] Jan 31 – Feb 9, 2020 1,200 (RV) ± 2.83% 48% 52% [av] – University of Texas/Texas Tribune [133] Oct 18–27, 2019 1,200 (RV) ± 2.83% 48% 52% [av] – Quinnipiac [134] Sep 4–9, 2019 1,410 (RV) ± 3.1% 35% 48% [aw] 17% [ax] University of Texas/Texas Tribune [135] May 31–Jun 9, 2019 1,200 (RV) ± 2.83% 50% 50% [av] – University of Texas/Texas Tribune [136] Feb 15–24, 2019 1,200 (RV) ± 2.83% 49% 51% [av] –

Voting access

Matters of election administration and ease of voting during an ongoing pandemic were heavily litigated in Texas in 2020. Harris County, the most populous one in Texas, spearheaded a number of innovative approaches and was the focal point of several legal challenges.

For the 2020 elections, Harris County Commissioners approved a budget of $33 million, higher than the $4 million budget for the 2016 United States presidential election. Chris Hollins, the interim Harris County Clerk and Texas Democratic Party finance vice chairperson, created a 23-point voting access expansion program, which included promotion of voting by mail, expansion of early voting accessibility, and drive-through voting, an innovation to facilitate voting while at the same time mitigating infection risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. ^[137] On October 29 several voting locations in Harris County were available for 24 hours to accommodate voters whose work shifts or other responsibilities overlapped with regular voting hours. ^[138]

Local Republican activists and officials challenged the voter-friendly measures in multiple legal actions, with mixed success. Several lawsuits complained about early voting and about Harris County providing multiple drop-off locations for absentee ballots. Responding to pressure from within his own party, Governor Abbott then restricted the number of drop-offs to a single one per county regardless of population and size, forcing Harris County to close eleven sites at county clerk branch offices called annexes. ^[139]

When a legal action challenging drive-through voting was dismissed, ^[137] the Republican Party in Texas sought relief in the Texas Supreme Court (SCOTX), which denied the petition because the case had not been brought promptly. ^[140] The first lawsuit was filed on October 15 even though Harris County had obtained prior clearance from the Office of the Texas Secretary of State (which is led by a Republican appointed by Republican Governor Abbott) and had tested drive-in voting in the primary runoff elections in July without complaint. ^{[141] [142]} SCOTX denied the petition and drive-thru voting continued. ^[143] On October 29 another action was filed seeking to invalidate drive-thru ballots based on the contention that this was a form of curbside voting that the Texas Election Code authorized only for voters with disabilities. ^[144] In an order issued on Sunday, November 1, the Texas Supreme Court denied the petition challenging the legality of drive-through voting, but did not resolve the legal argument one way or the other. ^{[145] [146]} The next day, U.S. District Judge Andrew Hanen heard an almost identical case by the same group of plaintiff, which included Republican candidates, on an emergency basis. Slate described the judge as "one of the most notoriously partisan conservatives in the federal judiciary." ^[142] Hanen ruled against the plaintiffs, dismissing their action for lack of standing, with the result that drive-in voting remained in effect. The Plaintiffs, which included Steve Toth, ^[147] immediately sought emergency relief in the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, but were unsuccessful. ^[148] Hollins nevertheless cancelled drive-thru voting in tent structures on the eve of Election Day. ^[149] He reversed himself out of concern that ballots cast there might be declared invalid, should the Fifth Circuit disagree with Judge Hanen on the standing issue and agree with Judge Hanen that tents were not permissible polling places on Election Day. ^[150]

Some counties also set up an online system that allowed voters to check for wait times at early voting centers and make their voting plans accordingly. ^[151]

On October 5, Texas Governor Greg Abbott issued a proclamation under the Texas Disaster Act limiting each county to a single drop-off location for mail ballots. ^[152] Federal judge Robert Pitman blocked Abbott's order on October 9. ^[153] The next day, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton appealed to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals for an emergency stay of Pitman's ruling, which a three-judge motion panel temporarily granted on an interim basis, pending consideration of the appeal on the merits. ^[154] A Texas state judge also blocked Abbott's order on October 15, and a state appeals court upheld that decision on October 23. Paxton then sought emergency relief from the Texas Supreme Court, which backed the Governor and lifted the temporary injunction in an October 27 decision with no dissent. ^{[155] [156] [157]}

Turnout

Voter registration in Texas ended on October 5, and the Secretary of State reported a registration total of 16,955,519 voters, an increase of 1,854,432 since the 2016 elections, and 1.2 million of which had occurred after the 2018 midterm elections.

Early voting began on October 13. Over one million ballots were received on that day, ^[158] and by October 15 fewer than two million ballots were counted. ^[159] The following day the count was 2.6 million, which meant 15.51% of the state's registered voters had already voted. ^[160]

For the whole early voting period, votes in the age 18-29 range were higher than the total of that age group of 2016, with 1.3 million votes. ^[161]

On October 13, Dallas County recorded 59,905 ballots and Tarrant County recorded 42,428 ballots, with the former setting a record for that county and the latter below the 2016 count on the first day of early voting. ^[162]

On October 13, Harris County had an unofficial tally of 128,186 ballots received, the highest ever first day early voting count and over 5% of the county's registered voters. ^[163] By the second day, the count was 287,931, 11% of the county's registered voters. ^[164] On the third day, over 100,000 ballots were counted, and in those three days 387,000 ballots were counted, with 44,000 of them issued through the mail. ^[165] On the fourth day, a similar number of ballots were cast, which meant the number of ballots cast total was about 500,000. ^[166] On October 23, there were 1 million ballots cast from Harris County. ^[167]

On October 13, Travis County received 35,873 ballots, ^[168] while it received 38,119 the following day, ^[169] and by 3 P.M. on Thursday over 26,000. ^[170] When voting closed on Thursday the percentage of Travis County voters who had already voted was 16.44%. On Friday 41,328 additional votes were counted. ^[160] Williamson County by the third day had a 64,891 votes out of 376,931 people registered to vote, which meant its turnout was already 17.25%. ^[171]

On October 13, Bexar County recorded 78,000 votes, with over 45,000 by mail and the remainder in person. ^[158]

On October 13, El Paso County recorded fewer than 34,000 votes. ^[158]

By October 19, Texas voters cast 50% of the votes cast in the 2016 presidential election in Texas. By October 22, 65.5% of 2016 votes were cast (or 34.65% of registered voters). By October 25, over 80% of 2016 votes were cast (or 43% of registered voters), ^[172] and by October 29, 50% of registered voters had cast ballots by early in-person and absentee ballot. By October 30, statewide voter turnout, as well as turnout in Harris County, had already surpassed the total of 2016. ^[173]

Results

2020 United States presidential election in Texas ^[174]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Donald Trump Mike Pence	5,890,347	52.06%	−0.17%
	Democratic	Joe Biden Kamala Harris	5,259,126	46.48%	+3.24%
	Libertarian	Jo Jorgensen Spike Cohen	126,243	1.12%	−2.04%
	Green	Howie Hawkins Angela Walker	33,396	0.30%	−0.50%
	Write-in		5,944	0.04%	-0.53%
Total votes			11,315,056	100.00%
	Republican hold

By county

County	Donald Trump Republican		Joe Biden Democratic		Various candidates Other parties		Margin		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Anderson	15,110	78.59%	3,955	20.57%	162	0.84%	11,155	58.02%	19,227
Andrews	4,943	84.31%	850	14.50%	70	1.19%	4,093	69.81%	5,863
Angelina	25,076	72.40%	9,143	26.40%	416	1.20%	15,933	46.00%	34,635
Aransas	9,239	75.17%	2,916	23.73%	135	1.10%	6,323	51.44%	12,290
Archer	4,300	89.66%	446	9.30%	50	1.04%	3,854	80.36%	4,796
Armstrong	1,035	93.08%	75	6.74%	2	0.18%	960	86.34%	1,112
Atascosa	12,039	66.37%	5,876	32.40%	223	1.23%	6,163	33.97%	18,138
Austin	11,447	78.48%	2,951	20.23%	188	1.29%	8,496	58.25%	14,586
Bailey	1,434	77.10%	409	21.99%	17	0.91%	1,025	55.11%	1,860
Bandera	10,057	79.03%	2,505	19.68%	164	1.29%	7,552	59.35%	12,726
Bastrop	20,516	55.81%	15,474	42.09%	772	2.10%	5,042	13.72%	36,762
Baylor	1,494	87.78%	183	10.75%	25	1.47%	1,311	77.03%	1,702
Bee	6,006	63.72%	3,288	34.88%	132	1.40%	2,718	28.84%	9,426
Bell	67,893	53.17%	57,014	44.65%	2,783	2.18%	10,879	8.52%	127,690
Bexar	308,618	40.05%	448,452	58.20%	13,501	1.75%	-139,834	-18.15%	770,571
Blanco	5,443	72.97%	1,911	25.62%	105	1.41%	3,532	47.35%	7,459
Borden	397	95.43%	16	3.85%	3	0.72%	381	91.58%	416
Bosque	7,469	81.84%	1,561	17.10%	96	1.06%	5,908	64.74%	9,126
Bowie	27,116	70.87%	10,747	28.09%	398	1.04%	16,369	42.78%	38,261
Brazoria	90,433	58.35%	62,228	40.15%	2,323	1.50%	28,205	18.20%	154,984
Brazos	47,530	55.71%	35,349	41.43%	2,434	2.86%	12,181	14.28%	85,313
Brewster	2,461	51.04%	2,258	46.83%	103	2.13%	203	4.21%	4,822
Briscoe	639	88.14%	78	10.76%	8	1.10%	561	77.38%	725
Brooks	998	40.18%	1,470	59.18%	16	0.64%	-472	-19.00%	2,484
Brown	13,698	85.78%	2,107	13.19%	164	1.03%	11,591	72.59%	15,969
Burleson	6,743	78.33%	1,788	20.77%	78	0.90%	4,955	57.56%	8,609
Burnet	18,767	75.93%	5,639	22.81%	311	1.26%	13,128	53.12%	24,717
Caldwell	8,031	53.64%	6,672	44.56%	270	1.80%	1,359	9.08%	14,973
Calhoun	5,641	71.80%	2,148	27.34%	67	0.86%	3,493	44.46%	7,856
Callahan	6,012	87.92%	734	10.73%	92	1.35%	5,278	77.19%	6,838
Cameron	49,032	42.89%	64,063	56.04%	1,231	1.07%	-15,031	-13.15%	114,326
Camp	3,626	71.66%	1,394	27.55%	40	0.79%	2,232	44.11%	5,060
Carson	2,779	89.01%	297	9.51%	46	1.48%	2,482	79.50%	3,122
Cass	11,033	79.22%	2,795	20.07%	99	0.71%	8,238	59.15%	13,927
Castro	1,602	76.91%	466	22.37%	15	0.72%	1,136	54.54%	2,083
Chambers	17,353	80.15%	3,997	18.46%	302	1.39%	13,356	61.69%	21,652
Cherokee	15,101	77.41%	4,210	21.58%	197	1.01%	10,891	55.83%	19,508
Childress	1,943	85.26%	310	13.60%	26	1.14%	1,633	71.66%	2,279
Clay	5,069	88.25%	614	10.69%	61	1.06%	4,455	77.56%	5,744
Cochran	809	80.90%	177	17.70%	14	1.40%	632	63.20%	1,000
Coke	1,586	89.15%	178	10.01%	15	0.84%	1,408	79.14%	1,779
Coleman	3,641	88.18%	451	10.92%	37	0.90%	3,190	77.26%	4,129
Collin	252,318	51.26%	230,945	46.92%	8,953	1.82%	21,373	4.34%	492,216
Collingsworth	1,048	86.04%	155	12.73%	15	1.23%	893	73.31%	1,218
Colorado	7,472	74.91%	2,420	24.26%	83	0.83%	5,052	50.65%	9,975
Comal	62,740	70.58%	24,826	27.93%	1,326	1.49%	37,914	42.65%	88,892
Comanche	5,177	85.06%	853	14.02%	56	0.92%	4,324	71.04%	6,086
Concho	1,058	83.44%	197	15.54%	13	1.02%	861	67.90%	1,268
Cooke	15,596	81.98%	3,210	16.87%	219	1.15%	12,386	65.11%	19,025
Coryell	15,438	65.71%	7,565	32.20%	490	2.09%	7,873	33.51%	23,493
Cottle	540	81.57%	113	17.07%	9	1.36%	427	64.50%	662
Crane	1,247	82.97%	241	16.03%	15	1.00%	1,006	66.94%	1,503
Crockett	1,220	77.51%	344	21.86%	10	0.63%	876	55.65%	1,574
Crosby	1,396	71.48%	527	26.98%	30	1.54%	869	44.50%	1,953
Culberson	415	48.03%	438	50.69%	11	1.28%	-23	-2.66%	864
Dallam	1,389	86.33%	197	12.24%	23	1.43%	1,192	74.09%	1,609
Dallas	307,076	33.29%	598,576	64.89%	16,861	1.82%	-291,500	-31.60%	922,513
Dawson	2,951	77.88%	808	21.32%	30	0.80%	2,143	56.56%	3,789
Deaf Smith	3,294	71.45%	1,264	27.42%	52	1.13%	2,030	64.03%	4,610
Delta	2,162	83.41%	403	15.55%	27	1.04%	1,759	67.86%	2,592
Denton	222,480	53.23%	188,695	45.15%	6,789	1.62%	33,785	8.08%	417,964
DeWitt	6,567	80.89%	1,494	18.40%	57	0.71%	5,073	62.49%	8,118
Dickens	853	86.34%	130	13.16%	5	0.50%	723	73.18%	988
Dimmit	1,384	37.75%	2,264	61.76%	18	0.49%	-880	-24.01%	3,666
Donley	1,438	87.26%	198	12.01%	12	0.73%	1,240	75.25%	1,648
Duval	2,443	48.35%	2,575	50.96%	35	0.69%	-132	-2.61%	5,053
Eastland	7,237	87.27%	983	11.85%	73	0.88%	6,254	75.42%	8,293
Ector	32,697	73.33%	11,367	25.49%	527	1.18%	21,330	47.84%	44,591
Edwards	893	83.77%	168	15.76%	5	0.47%	725	68.01%	1,066
El Paso	84,331	31.56%	178,126	66.66%	4,758	1.78%	-93,795	-35.10%	267,215
Ellis	56,717	66.19%	27,565	32.17%	1,406	1.64%	29,152	34.02%	85,688
Erath	13,684	81.08%	2,916	17.28%	277	1.64%	10,768	63.80%	16,877
Falls	4,177	68.11%	1,899	30.96%	57	0.93%	2,278	37.15%	6,133
Fannin	12,171	81.10%	2,655	17.69%	181	1.21%	9,516	63.41%	15,007
Fayette	10,171	78.60%	2,661	20.56%	109	0.84%	7,510	58.04%	12,941
Fisher	1,448	79.30%	352	19.28%	26	1.42%	1,096	60.02%	1,826
Floyd	1,584	77.69%	438	21.48%	17	0.83%	1,146	56.21%	2,039
Foard	445	80.76%	99	17.97%	7	1.27%	346	62.79%	551
Fort Bend	157,718	44.01%	195,552	54.57%	5,063	1.42%	-37,834	-10.56%	358,333
Franklin	4,161	83.07%	804	16.05%	44	0.88%	3,357	67.02%	5,009
Freestone	6,991	80.25%	1,635	18.77%	85	0.98%	5,356	61.48%	8,711
Frio	2,823	53.48%	2,422	45.88%	34	0.64%	401	7.60%	5,279
Gaines	5,355	89.31%	576	9.61%	65	1.08%	4,779	79.70%	5,996
Galveston	93,911	60.56%	58,842	37.95%	2,307	1.49%	35,069	22.61%	155,060
Garza	1,413	85.48%	231	13.97%	9	0.55%	1,182	71.51%	1,653
Gillespie	12,514	78.95%	3,176	20.04%	160	1.01%	9,338	58.91%	15,850
Glasscock	611	93.57%	39	5.97%	3	0.46%	572	87.60%	653
Goliad	3,085	77.22%	877	21.95%	33	0.83%	2,208	55.27%	3,995
Gonzales	5,627	73.57%	1,948	25.47%	73	0.96%	3,679	48.10%	7,648
Gray	6,840	87.90%	829	10.65%	113	1.45%	6,011	77.25%	7,782
Grayson	44,163	74.26%	14,506	24.39%	805	1.35%	29,657	49.87%	59,474
Gregg	32,493	67.72%	14,796	30.84%	693	1.44%	17,697	36.88%	47,982
Grimes	9,432	75.98%	2,833	22.82%	149	1.20%	6,599	53.16%	12,414
Guadalupe	47,553	61.16%	28,805	37.04%	1,400	1.80%	18,748	24.12%	77,758
Hale	7,177	74.87%	2,279	23.77%	130	1.36%	4,898	51.10%	9,586
Hall	995	85.12%	168	14.37%	6	0.51%	827	70.75%	1,169
Hamilton	3,616	83.11%	641	14.73%	94	2.16%	2,975	68.38%	4,351
Hansford	1,849	90.33%	166	8.11%	32	1.56%	1,683	82.22%	2,047
Hardeman	1,330	84.18%	241	15.25%	9	0.57%	1,089	68.93%	1,580
Hardin	23,858	86.33%	3,474	12.57%	303	1.10%	20,384	73.76%	27,635
Harris	700,630	42.69%	918,193	55.94%	22,434	1.37%	-217,563	-13.25%	1,641,257
Harrison	21,466	72.23%	7,908	26.61%	343	1.16%	13,558	45.62%	29,717
Hartley	1,868	89.89%	195	9.38%	15	0.73%	1,673	80.51%	2,078
Haskell	1,840	83.11%	353	15.94%	21	0.95%	1,487	67.17%	2,214
Hays	47,680	43.59%	59,524	54.41%	2,191	2.00%	-11,844	-10.82%	109,395
Hemphill	1,486	86.40%	206	11.98%	28	1.62%	1,280	74.42%	1,720
Henderson	28,911	79.61%	7,060	19.44%	346	0.95%	21,851	60.17%	36,317
Hidalgo	90,527	40.98%	128,199	58.04%	2,158	0.98%	-37,672	-17.06%	220,884
Hill	11,926	79.87%	2,860	19.15%	145	0.98%	9,066	60.82%	14,931
Hockley	6,536	80.69%	1,482	18.30%	82	1.01%	5,054	62.39%	8,100
Hood	26,496	81.42%	5,648	17.36%	397	1.22%	20,848	64.06%	32,541
Hopkins	12,719	79.79%	3,046	19.11%	176	1.10%	9,673	60.68%	15,941
Houston	7,060	74.80%	2,314	24.52%	64	0.68%	4,746	50.28%	9,438
Howard	8,054	78.64%	2,069	20.20%	118	1.16%	5,985	58.44%	10,241
Hudspeth	779	66.87%	371	31.85%	15	1.28%	408	35.02%	1,165
Hunt	29,163	75.56%	8,906	23.07%	528	1.37%	20,257	52.49%	38,597
Hutchinson	7,681	87.55%	965	11.00%	127	1.45%	6,716	76.55%	8,773
Irion	759	85.38%	120	13.50%	10	1.12%	639	71.88%	889
Jack	3,418	90.38%	331	8.75%	33	0.87%	3,087	81.63%	3,782
Jackson	5,231	82.34%	1,033	16.26%	89	1.40%	4,198	66.08%	6,353
Jasper	12,542	80.34%	2,954	18.92%	115	0.74%	9,588	61.42%	15,611
Jeff Davis	784	60.08%	501	38.39%	20	1.53%	283	21.69%	1,305
Jefferson	47,570	50.20%	46,073	48.62%	1,116	1.18%	1,497	1.58%	94,759
Jim Hogg	833	40.91%	1,197	58.79%	6	0.30%	-364	-17.88%	2,036
Jim Wells	7,453	54.52%	6,119	44.77%	97	0.71%	1,334	9.75%	13,669
Johnson	54,628	75.85%	16,464	22.86%	928	1.29%	38,164	52.99%	72,020
Jones	5,660	83.96%	999	14.82%	82	1.22%	4,661	69.14%	6,741
Karnes	3,968	75.55%	1,234	23.50%	50	0.95%	2,734	52.05%	5,252
Kaufman	37,624	66.34%	18,405	32.45%	689	1.21%	19,219	33.89%	56,718
Kendall	20,083	75.92%	6,020	22.76%	349	1.32%	14,063	53.16%	26,452
Kenedy	127	65.46%	65	33.51%	2	1.03%	62	31.95%	194
Kent	411	88.96%	47	10.17%	4	0.87%	364	78.79%	462
Kerr	20,879	75.25%	6,524	23.51%	342	1.24%	14,355	51.74%	27,745
Kimble	1,987	86.69%	284	12.39%	21	0.92%	1,703	74.30%	2,292
King	151	94.97%	8	5.03%	0	0.00%	143	89.94%	159
Kinney	1,144	71.37%	446	27.82%	13	0.81%	698	43.55%	1,603
Kleberg	5,504	50.29%	5,314	48.56%	126	1.15%	190	1.73%	10,944
Knox	1,180	81.04%	265	18.20%	11	0.76%	915	62.84%	1,456
Lamar	16,760	78.16%	4,458	20.79%	224	1.05%	12,302	57.37%	21,442
Lamb	3,521	79.84%	840	19.05%	49	1.11%	2,681	60.79%	4,410
Lampasas	8,086	77.76%	2,144	20.62%	169	1.62%	5,942	57.14%	10,399
La Salle	1,335	55.49%	1,052	43.72%	19	0.79%	283	11.77%	2,406
Lavaca	8,804	86.34%	1,333	13.07%	60	0.59%	7,471	73.27%	10,197
Lee	6,255	77.22%	1,750	21.60%	95	1.18%	4,505	55.62%	8,100
Leon	7,523	86.62%	1,072	12.34%	90	1.04%	6,451	74.28%	8,685
Liberty	23,302	79.44%	5,785	19.72%	247	0.84%	17,517	59.72%	29,334
Limestone	6,789	74.65%	2,213	24.33%	93	1.02%	4,576	50.32%	9,095
Lipscomb	1,205	89.06%	131	9.68%	17	1.26%	1,074	79.38%	1,353
Live Oak	4,199	83.08%	819	16.20%	36	0.72%	3,380	66.88%	5,054
Llano	10,079	79.61%	2,465	19.47%	116	0.92%	7,614	60.14%	12,660
Loving	60	90.91%	4	6.06%	2	3.03%	56	84.85%	66
Lubbock	78,861	65.27%	40,017	33.12%	1,939	1.61%	38,844	32.15%	120,817
Lynn	1,853	80.81%	428	18.67%	12	0.52%	1,425	64.14%	2,293
Madison	4,169	78.69%	1,088	20.54%	41	0.77%	3,081	58.15%	5,298
Marion	3,470	71.34%	1,339	27.53%	55	1.13%	2,131	43.81%	4,864
Martin	1,857	85.97%	288	13.33%	15	0.70%	1,569	72.64%	2,160
Mason	1,991	80.48%	457	18.47%	26	1.05%	1,534	62.01%	2,474
Matagorda	9,845	71.72%	3,733	27.19%	149	1.09%	6,112	44.53%	13,727
Maverick	6,881	44.84%	8,332	54.29%	133	0.87%	-1,451	-9.45%	15,346
McCulloch	2,904	84.52%	490	14.26%	42	1.22%	2,414	70.26%	3,436
McLennan	59,543	60.84%	36,688	37.49%	1,641	1.67%	22,855	23.35%	97,872
McMullen	460	89.15%	53	10.27%	3	0.58%	407	78.88%	516
Medina	15,642	69.04%	6,773	29.89%	242	1.07%	8,869	39.15%	22,657
Menard	823	80.06%	197	19.16%	8	0.78%	626	60.90%	1,028
Midland	45,624	77.34%	12,329	20.90%	1,035	1.76%	33,295	56.44%	58,988
Milam	7,984	75.48%	2,496	23.60%	98	0.92%	5,488	51.88%	10,578
Mills	2,217	88.50%	271	10.82%	17	0.68%	1,946	77.68%	2,505
Mitchell	2,170	84.14%	397	15.39%	12	0.47%	1,773	68.75%	2,579
Montague	8,615	87.74%	1,097	11.17%	107	1.09%	7,518	76.57%	9,819
Montgomery	193,382	71.22%	74,377	27.39%	3,784	1.39%	119,005	43.83%	271,543
Moore	4,359	79.14%	1,062	19.28%	87	1.58%	3,297	59.86%	5,508
Morris	3,872	69.30%	1,669	29.87%	46	0.83%	2,203	39.43%	5,587
Motley	604	92.64%	46	7.06%	2	0.30%	558	85.58%	652
Nacogdoches	17,378	64.88%	9,000	33.60%	407	1.52%	8,378	31.28%	26,785
Navarro	13,800	72.16%	5,101	26.67%	222	1.17%	8,699	45.49%	19,123
Newton	4,882	80.11%	1,173	19.25%	39	0.64%	3,709	60.86%	6,094
Nolan	4,131	77.11%	1,162	21.69%	64	1.20%	2,969	55.42%	5,357
Nueces	64,617	50.75%	60,925	47.85%	1,780	1.40%	3,692	2.90%	127,322
Ochiltree	2,812	89.10%	302	9.57%	42	1.33%	2,510	79.53%	3,156
Oldham	917	90.88%	81	8.03%	11	1.09%	836	82.85%	1,009
Orange	29,186	81.09%	6,357	17.66%	451	1.25%	22,829	63.43%	35,994
Palo Pinto	10,179	81.50%	2,178	17.44%	132	1.06%	8,001	64.06%	12,489
Panola	9,326	81.44%	2,057	17.96%	68	0.60%	7,269	63.48%	11,451
Parker	62,045	81.50%	13,017	17.10%	1,066	1.40%	49,028	64.40%	76,128
Parmer	2,135	80.57%	488	18.42%	27	1.01%	1,627	62.15%	2,650
Pecos	3,215	68.87%	1,382	29.61%	71	1.52%	1,833	39.26%	4,668
Polk	18,573	76.79%	5,387	22.27%	226	0.94%	13,186	54.52%	24,186
Potter	22,820	68.45%	9,921	29.76%	596	1.79%	12,899	38.69%	33,337
Presidio	721	32.52%	1,463	65.99%	33	1.49%	-742	-33.47%	2,217
Rains	5,155	85.16%	842	13.91%	56	0.93%	4,313	71.25%	6,053
Randall	50,796	78.54%	12,802	19.79%	1,076	1.67%	37,994	58.75%	64,674
Reagan	942	83.81%	172	15.30%	10	0.89%	770	68.51%	1,124
Real	1,643	82.90%	320	16.15%	19	0.95%	1,323	66.75%	1,982
Red River	4,517	77.80%	1,246	21.46%	43	0.74%	3,271	56.34%	5,806
Reeves	2,254	61.10%	1,395	37.82%	40	1.08%	859	23.28%	3,689
Refugio	2,210	65.66%	1,108	32.92%	48	1.42%	1,102	32.74%	3,366
Roberts	529	96.18%	17	3.09%	4	0.73%	512	93.09%	550
Robertson	5,646	69.71%	2,374	29.31%	79	0.98%	3,272	40.40%	8,099
Rockwall	36,726	68.15%	16,412	30.45%	753	1.40%	20,314	37.70%	53,891
Runnels	3,807	86.35%	552	12.52%	50	1.13%	3,255	73.83%	4,409
Rusk	16,534	77.34%	4,629	21.65%	214	1.01%	11,905	55.69%	21,377
Sabine	4,784	87.12%	669	12.18%	38	0.70%	4,115	74.94%	5,491
San Augustine	3,007	75.14%	980	24.49%	15	0.37%	2,027	50.65%	4,002
San Jacinto	10,161	80.39%	2,337	18.49%	142	1.12%	7,824	61.90%	12,640
San Patricio	16,516	63.79%	8,988	34.71%	387	1.50%	7,528	29.08%	25,891
San Saba	2,308	88.70%	287	11.03%	7	0.27%	2,021	77.67%	2,602
Schleicher	940	81.10%	211	18.21%	8	0.69%	729	62.89%	1,159
Scurry	4,983	84.89%	818	13.94%	69	1.17%	4,165	70.95%	5,870
Shackelford	1,484	91.15%	130	7.99%	14	0.86%	1,354	83.16%	1,628
Shelby	7,975	79.06%	2,068	20.50%	44	0.44%	5,907	58.56%	10,087
Sherman	886	89.31%	91	9.17%	15	1.52%	795	80.14%	992
Smith	69,080	68.85%	29,615	29.52%	1,639	1.63%	39,465	39.33%	100,334
Somervell	4,105	82.98%	768	15.52%	74	1.50%	3,337	67.46%	4,947
Starr	8,247	47.06%	9,123	52.06%	155	0.88%	-876	-5.00%	17,525
Stephens	3,385	88.96%	397	10.43%	23	0.61%	2,988	78.53%	3,805
Sterling	584	91.39%	51	7.98%	4	0.63%	533	83.41%	639
Stonewall	615	83.56%	116	15.76%	5	0.68%	499	67.80%	736
Sutton	1,222	78.48%	322	20.68%	13	0.84%	900	57.80%	1,557
Swisher	1,845	78.34%	478	20.30%	32	1.36%	1,367	58.04%	2,355
Tarrant	409,741	49.09%	411,567	49.31%	13,389	1.60%	-1,826	-0.22%	834,697
Taylor	39,547	71.73%	14,588	26.46%	1,000	1.81%	24,959	45.27%	55,135
Terrell	334	72.93%	119	25.98%	5	1.09%	215	46.95%	458
Terry	2,812	77.85%	757	20.96%	43	1.19%	2,055	56.89%	3,612
Throckmorton	806	90.16%	82	9.17%	6	0.67%	724	80.99%	894
Titus	7,570	71.81%	2,856	27.09%	115	1.10%	4,714	44.72%	10,541
Tom Green	32,313	71.47%	12,239	27.07%	658	1.46%	20,074	44.40%	45,210
Travis	161,337	26.43%	435,860	71.41%	13,152	2.16%	-274,523	-44.98%	610,349
Trinity	5,579	80.41%	1,323	19.07%	36	0.52%	4,256	61.34%	6,938
Tyler	8,194	84.82%	1,403	14.52%	63	0.66%	6,791	70.30%	9,660
Upshur	15,809	83.56%	2,877	15.21%	233	1.23%	12,932	68.35%	18,919
Upton	1,178	86.11%	170	12.43%	20	1.46%	1,008	73.68%	1,368
Uvalde	6,174	59.69%	4,073	39.38%	97	0.93%	2,101	20.31%	10,344
Val Verde	8,284	54.21%	6,771	44.31%	225	1.48%	1,513	9.90%	15,280
Van Zandt	22,270	85.56%	3,516	13.51%	243	0.93%	18,754	72.05%	26,029
Victoria	23,358	68.25%	10,380	30.33%	488	1.42%	12,978	37.92%	34,226
Walker	15,375	65.12%	7,884	33.39%	353	1.49%	7,491	31.73%	23,612
Waller	14,260	62.73%	8,191	36.03%	283	1.24%	6,069	26.70%	22,734
Ward	3,241	79.83%	764	18.82%	55	1.35%	2,477	61.01%	4,060
Washington	12,959	74.27%	4,261	24.42%	229	1.31%	8,698	49.85%	17,449
Webb	25,898	37.80%	41,820	61.05%	788	1.15%	-15,922	-23.25%	68,506
Wharton	11,926	71.15%	4,694	28.01%	141	0.84%	7,232	43.14%	16,761
Wheeler	2,159	92.38%	168	7.19%	10	0.43%	1,991	85.19%	2,337
Wichita	32,069	69.65%	13,161	28.59%	810	1.76%	18,908	41.06%	46,040
Wilbarger	3,524	77.90%	956	21.13%	44	0.97%	2,568	56.77%	4,524
Willacy	2,441	43.99%	3,108	56.01%	0	0.00%	-667	-12.02%	5,549
Williamson	139,729	48.15%	143,795	49.56%	6,644	2.29%	-4,066	-1.41%	290,168
Wilson	18,463	73.76%	6,350	25.37%	219	0.87%	12,113	48.39%	25,032
Winkler	1,753	82.46%	358	16.84%	15	0.70%	1,395	65.62%	2,126
Wise	27,032	83.52%	4,973	15.37%	360	1.11%	22,059	67.15%	32,365
Wood	19,049	83.63%	3,509	15.40%	221	0.97%	15,540	68.23%	22,779
Yoakum	2,174	82.63%	420	15.96%	37	1.41%	1,754	66.67%	2,631
Young	7,110	86.30%	1,034	12.55%	95	1.15%	6,076	73.75%	8,239
Zapata	2,033	52.48%	1,826	47.13%	15	0.39%	207	5.35%	3,874
Zavala	1,490	34.03%	2,864	65.40%	25	0.57%	-1,374	-31.37%	4,379
Totals	5,890,347	52.01%	5,259,126	46.44%	175,813	1.55%	631,221	5.57%	11,325,286

Swing by county

Legend

•   Democratic — +12.5-15%
•   Democratic — +10-12.5%
•   Democratic — +7.5-10%
•   Democratic — +5-7.5%
•   Democratic — +2.5-5%
•   Democratic — +0-2.5%
•   Republican — +0-2.5%
•   Republican — +2.5-5%
•   Republican — +5-7.5%
•   Republican — +7.5-10%
•   Republican — +10-12.5%
•   Republican — +12.5-15%
•   Republican — +>15%

Trend relative to the state by county

Legend

•   Democratic — +12.5-15%
•   Democratic — +10-12.5%
•   Democratic — +7.5-10%
•   Democratic — +5-7.5%
•   Democratic — +2.5-5%
•   Democratic — +0-2.5%
•   Republican — +0-2.5%
•   Republican — +2.5-5%
•   Republican — +5-7.5%
•   Republican — +7.5-10%
•   Republican — +10-12.5%
•   Republican — +12.5-15%
•   Republican — +>15%

County flips

Legend

• Democratic   Hold   Flip

  Republican   Hold   Flip

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

• Frio (largest municipality: Pearsall)
• Jim Wells (largest municipality: Alice)
• Kenedy (largest municipality: Sarita)
• Kleberg (largest municipality: Kingsville)
• La Salle (largest municipality: Cotulla)
• Reeves (largest municipality: Pecos)
• Val Verde (largest municipality: Del Rio)
• Zapata (largest municipality: Zapata)

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

• Hays (largest municipality: San Marcos)
• Tarrant (largest municipality: Fort Worth)
• Williamson (largest municipality: Round Rock)

By congressional district

Trump won 22 out of the 36 congressional districts in Texas, while Biden won 14, including one held by a Republican.

District	Trump	Biden	Representative
1st	71.6%	27.2%	Louie Gohmert
2nd	50.9%	48.6%	Dan Crenshaw
3rd	50.2%	48.7%	Van Taylor
4th	74.4%	24.4%	Vacant
			Pat Fallon
5th	60.9%	37.9%	Lance Gooden
6th	50.8%	47.8%	Ron Wright
7th	45.1%	53.6%	Lizzie Fletcher
8th	70.6%	28.1%	Kevin Brady
9th	23.3%	75.7%	Al Green
10th	50%	48.4%	Michael McCaul
11th	79.2%	19.7%	Mike Conaway
			August Pfluger
12th	60.5%	37.9%	Kay Granger
13th	79.8%	18.9%	Mac Thornberry
			Ronny Jackson
14th	59%	39.6%	Randy Weber
15th	48.5%	50.4%	Vicente Gonzalez
16th	32%	66.4%	Veronica Escobar
17th	54.6%	43.6%	Bill Flores
			Pete Sessions
18th	23%	75.7%	Sheila Jackson Lee
19th	72.2%	26.3%	Jodey Arrington
20th	34.7%	63.7%	Joaquín Castro
21st	50.6%	47.9%	Chip Roy
22nd	50.8%	48.9%	Pete Olson
			Troy Nehls
23rd	50.3%	48.5%	Will Hurd
			Tony Gonzales
24th	46.5%	51.9%	Kenny Marchant
			Beth Van Duyne
25th	54%	44.4%	Roger Williams
26th	56.3%	42.1%	Michael Burgess
27th	61.2%	37.5%	Michael Cloud
28th	47.2%	51.6%	Henry Cuellar
29th	32.9%	65.9%	Sylvia Garcia
30th	19.4%	79.1%	Eddie Bernice Johnson
31st	50.4%	47.6%	John Carter
32nd	44%	54.4%	Colin Allred
33rd	25.6%	73%	Marc Veasey
34th	47.5%	51.5%	Filemon Vela Jr.
35th	30.5%	67.7%	Lloyd Doggett
36th	71.9%	26.9%	Brian Babin

Analysis

While Biden still won Latino voters in Texas with 58% ^[175] and Latinos of Mexican heritage with 63%, ^[176] Trump significantly improved his numbers among Hispanic voters in the state, particularly in the Rio Grande Valley. ^[177] Trump flipped Jim Wells County and La Salle County which had not voted Republican since 1972. He also flipped Frio County, Kleberg County, Reeves County, Val Verde County, and Kenedy County; the first 4 having last voted Republican in 2004 and the last having last voted Republican in 2012. He also became the first Republican to win Zapata County since Warren G. Harding in 1920, flipping it by five points after losing it by 33 points in 2016. Trump's total of eight counties flipped in South Texas was the most flipped by any candidate in any state in 2020, and he flipped more counties in South Texas than he did in the rest of the nation combined. While Biden's lead in the Rio Grande Valley shrunk significantly compared to Hillary Clinton's in 2016, he overwhelmingly won the Latino vote in the state's urban areas. ^[178]

Biden significantly outperformed Clinton in Greater Austin, which was a significant contributor to Trump's relatively weak performance statewide. He flipped Hays County and Williamson County, both of them suburban counties located outside of the state capital that a Democrat had not won since 1992 and 1976, respectively. This is also the first election since 1956 when the latter voted for the statewide loser. ^[179] Biden also became the first Democratic candidate to garner at least 50,000 votes in Bell County, a county just outside of Greater Austin and had the center of Texas population within it in the 2010 census. At 44.76%, he outperformed Obama's record for the highest percentage of votes a Democratic presidential nominee received in Bell County since 1976, the last time the county voted for a Democrat.

Also, Biden became the first Democrat to ever win the White House without Jefferson County. ^[180] Biden also became the first Democrat to win without Frio County since it was formed in 1871, the first to win without La Salle County since it was formed in 1880, the first to win without Reeves County since it was formed in 1883, the first to win without Val Verde County since it was formed in 1885, the first to win without Jim Wells County since it was founded in 1911, the first to win without Kleberg County since it was founded in 1913, and the first Democrat to win the White House without winning Zapata County since Woodrow Wilson in 1916. ^[181] Because of Trump's substantial gains in heavily Hispanic areas, Biden's best performance in Texas came not from the southern border region, but Travis County, encompassing the college-educated, cosmopolitan, liberal bastion of Austin, home to the University of Texas at Austin, where he won the highest percentage for a Democrat since Harry S. Truman in 1948.

Biden also improved throughout the three most significant metropolitan areas in Texas. While not significantly outperforming Clinton in Harris and Bexar counties, he did make considerable inroads into their surrounding suburbs, thus eking out narrow wins in Greater Houston and Greater San Antonio, ^{[182] [183]} the first time a Democratic presidential nominee had accomplished such a feat in the 21st century. However, in the former, gains were incredibly mixed. Trump saw substantial growth in Houston's north and east, home to large concentrations of Latinos. He also improved in diverse Alief, along Harris County's southwest border, which is heavily Hispanic, Filipino, and Vietnamese. On the other hand, Biden continued Clinton's gains in the wealthy college-educated "Houston Arrow" suburbs in the city's west, though his improvements were significantly more minor. ^[184]

Perhaps the biggest reason for Biden narrowing the Lone Star State's margin of victory was the surge of Democratic support in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the largest metropolitan area in the state, which he also narrowly won. He scored nearly 65% of the vote in Dallas County, the highest percentage won by a Democrat since 1940. Additionally, Biden narrowly flipped Tarrant County, winning by fewer than 2,000 votes. Tarrant County is home to the fifth-largest city in Texas, Fort Worth, and had not been won by a Democrat since 1964, when favorite son Lyndon B. Johnson carried it. His growth in the heavily Republican Fort Worth suburbs, which historically kept Democratic candidates from capturing Tarrant, was a critical factor in winning the county and the Metroplex as a whole. Biden improved substantially in the large DFW suburbs of Collin County and Denton County, which have rapidly grown and diversified in the past decade, narrowing Trump's victory margins from 16.57% and 20% in 2016, down to 4.37% and 8.08%, respectively. Both of their county seats (the two suburban cities of McKinney and Denton, respectively) have trended leftward since 2016 due to the influx of younger professionals and families in the past decade, which shifted to the Democrats in this election. Biden also won the city of Plano, the largest city in Collin County, and narrowly won the city of Allen. ^{[185] [186]}

In 2021, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton stated on Steve Bannon's podcast War Room that without blocking Harris County from sending out applications for mail-in ballots to registered voters, Trump would have lost the state. ^[187]

Edison exit polls

2020 presidential election in Texas by demographic subgroup (Edison exit polling) [188] [189]
Demographic subgroup	Biden	Trump	% of total vote
Total vote	46.48	52.06	100
Ideology
Liberals	88	11	17
Moderates	66	32	38
Conservatives	13	86	45
Party
Democrats	96	4	30
Republicans	5	94	41
Independents	51	45	29
Gender
Men	40	57	45
Women	51	48	55
Race/ethnicity
White	33	66	60
Black	90	9	12
Latino	58	41	23
Asian	63	30	3
Other	42	56	2
Age
18–24 years old	58	38	8
25–29 years old	55	42	6
30–39 years old	50	47	14
40–49 years old	47	51	15
50–64 years old	43	56	30
65 and older	41	58	26
Sexual orientation
LGBT	72	27	5
Not LGBT	43	56	95
Education
High school or less	40	59	17
Some college education	42	57	28
Associate degree	51	47	16
Bachelor's degree	48	50	24
Postgraduate degree	54	44	15
Income
Under $30,000	52	47	12
$30,000–49,999	63	35	16
$50,000–99,999	44	55	35
$100,000–199,999	43	56	26
Over $200,000	54	42	10
Issue regarded as most important
Racial inequality	93	5	18
Coronavirus	88	10	14
Economy	15	84	40
Crime and safety	16	83	10
Health care	78	21	11
Region
East	26	72	14
Dallas/Ft. Worth	54	45	24
Houston area	53	46	21
South Central	51	48	15
West	22	76	11
Southwest	57	42	16
Area type
Urban	56	42	42
Suburban	41	57	51
Rural	25	74	7
Family's financial situation today
Better than four years ago	22	76	46
Worse than four years ago	89	11	18
About the same	70	29	35

See also

• United States presidential elections in Texas
• Voter suppression in the United States 2019–2020: Texas
• 2020 Texas elections
• 2020 United States presidential election
• 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries
• 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries
• 2020 United States elections

Notes

Partisan clients

1. Poll sponsored by the Texas arm of the party which nominated Biden prior to this poll's sampling period
2. The Blue Texas PAC exclusively supports Democratic candidates
3. The Human Rights Campaign endorsed Biden prior to this poll's sampling period
4. Poll sponsored by the Texas arm of the party which nominated Biden prior to this poll's sampling period
5. Poll sponsored by the Defend Students Action Fund.
6. Giffords' founder, Gabby Giffords, endorsed Biden prior to this poll's sampling period
7. The Consumer Energy Alliance is a pro-Keystone XL lobbying group
8. The Texas Democratic Party exclusively supports Democratic candidates
9. Poll sponsored by Chrysta Castañeda's campaign
10. Size of "extremely likely to vote" sample not yet released
11. This poll's sponsor is the American Principles Project, a 501(c)(4) organization that supports the Republican Party.
12. Poll sponsored by Progress Texas, an organisation promoting progressive policies
13. Poll sponsored by the Texas Democratic Party
14. By the time of this poll, Data for Progress, which has worked with both the Sanders and Warren campaigns, had endorsed Warren
15. Poll sponsored by Democracy Toolbox
16. Poll sponsored by Courageous Conservatives PAC

Samples

1. Candidate withdrew shortly before the primary after early voting had already started.
2. Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
3. Key:
   A – all adults
   RV – registered voters
   LV – likely voters
   V – unclear
4. Overlapping sample with the previous SurveyMonkey/Axios poll, but more information available regarding sample size
5. "Other candidate or write-in" with 0%
6. With voters who lean towards a given candidate
7. "Someone else" with 2%
8. Standard VI response
9. Results generated with high Democratic turnout model
10. Results generated with high Republican turnout model
11. "Another candidate" with no voters
12. "Someone else" and would not vote with 1%
13. Includes "Refused"
14. "Someone else" with 3%
15. "Someone else" with 1%
16. Standard IV response
17. "Another candidate" with 1%
18. With only Biden, Trump and "another candidate" as options
19. "Another candidate" with 2%
20. "Someone else" and would not vote with 0%
21. "Someone else/third party" with 2%
22. Overlapping sample with the previous Morning Consult poll, but more information available regarding sample size
23. "Refused" with 0%
24. Overlapping sample with the previous and subsequent Morning Consult polls, but more information available regarding sample size
25. "Another party candidate" with 2%
26. Not yet released
27. "Someone else" with 4%; would not vote with 3%
28. "Someone else/third party" with 4%; would not vote with 0%
29. "Other" with 4%; would not vote with 1%
30. "Someone else" and would not vote with 3%
31. Including voters who lean towards a given candidate
32. Other with 1%; neither with 2%
33. "Neither-other" with 10%
34. Would not vote with 3%
35. Other with 0%; neither with 2%
36. "Someone else" with 9%
37. Other with 0%; neither with 3%
38. "Neither-other" with 12%
39. Other with 1%; neither with 3%
40. "Someone else" with 10%
41. "Neither-other" with 9%
42. "Neither-other" with 16%
43. "Neither-other" with 15%
44. Would not vote with 4%
45. "Neither-other" with 17%
46. "Someone else" with 14%
47. "Someone else" with 7%
48. Listed as the combination of these responses: "Definitely or probably would not vote to re-elect Donald Trump"
49. "Would definitely not vote for Trump" with 48%
50. "Would consider voting for Trump" with 14%; "Don't know/no answer" with 3%

References

1. "Official Canvass Report - 2020 November 3rd General Election" (PDF). Texas Secretary of State. November 2020.
2. "Turnout and Voter Registration Figures (1970-current)".
3. Kelly, Ben (August 13, 2018). "US elections key dates: When are the 2018 midterms and the 2020 presidential campaign?" . The Independent . Archived from the original on August 2, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
4. "Distribution of Electoral Votes". National Archives and Records Administration . Retrieved January 3, 2019.
5. Leip, Dave. "Ohio Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
6. Leip, Dave. "Texas Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
7. Ramsey, Ross (November 6, 2020). "Analysis: Texas voters elect to stay the course". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved November 10, 2020.
8. "Governor Greg Abbott for President in 2020?". News/Talk 95.1 & 790 KFYO. November 8, 2016.
9. Garrett, Robert T. (March 8, 2018). "Texas Gov. Greg Abbott rules out running for president – in 2020, at least". Dallas News.
10. "Races". results.texas-election.com. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
11. Taylor, Kate (February 9, 2019). "Elizabeth Warren Formally Announces 2020 Presidential Bid in Lawrence, Mass". The New York Times. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
12. Herndon, Astead W.; Burns, Alexander (December 31, 2018). "Elizabeth Warren Announces Iowa Trip as She Starts Running for President in 2020". The New York Times . Retrieved January 3, 2019.
13. Arlette Saenz (April 25, 2019). "Joe Biden announces he is running for president in 2020". CNN. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
14. "2020 MARCH 3RD DEMOCRATIC PRIMARY". Texas Secretary of State. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
15. "Delegate Tracker". Associated Press . June 7, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
16. "2020 Electoral College Ratings" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
17. "POTUS Ratings | Inside Elections". insideelections.com. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
18. "Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball » 2020 President". crystalball.centerforpolitics.org. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
19. "2020 Election Forecast". Politico. November 19, 2019.
20. "Battle for White House". RCP. April 19, 2019.
21. Niskanen Center Electoral Map, Niskanen Center, March 24, 2020, retrieved: April 19, 2020
22. David Chalian; Terence Burlij. "Road to 270". CNN. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
23. "Forecasting the US elections". The Economist. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
24. "2020 Election Battleground Tracker". CBS News. July 12, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
25. "2020 Presidential Election Interactive Map". 270 to Win.
26. "ABC News Race Ratings". CBS News. July 24, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
27. "Final NPR Electoral Map: Biden Has The Edge, But Trump Retains Narrow Path". NPR.org. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
28. "Road to 270: Choose potential paths to a White House victory". NBC News. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
29. "2020 Election Forecast". FiveThirtyEight. August 12, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
30. 270 to Win
31. Real Clear Politics
32. FiveThirtyEight
33. SurveyMonkey/Axios
34. Swayable Archived November 13, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
35. Data For Progress
36. AtlasIntel
37. Emerson College
38. Morning Consult
39. Public Policy Polling
40. Gravis Marketing
41. RMG Research/PoliticalIQ Archived October 30, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
42. Swayable
43. YouGov/UMass Amherst
44. Data for Progress (D)
45. Siena College/NYT Upshot
46. Univision/University of Houston/Latino
    Decisions/North Star Opinion Research
47. Citizen Data
48. YouGov/University of Houston
49. University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas Morning News
50. Quinnipiac University
51. Data for Progress (D)
52. Morning Consult
53. Public Policy Polling/Texas Democrats Archived October 14, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
54. YouGov/CCES Archived November 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
55. Morning Consult
56. Pulse Opinion Research/Rasmussen Reports/Crosswind PR
57. Civiqs/Daily Kos
58. Data For Progress (D)
59. YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Tribune
60. EMC Research/Blue Texas PAC
61. Hart Research Associates/Human Rights Campaign
62. Public Policy Polling/Texas Democrats
63. YouGov/UMass Lowell
64. Data For Progress
65. Siena College/NYT Upshot
66. Quinnipiac University
67. YouGov/CBS
68. Morning Consult
69. Public Policy Polling/Giffords
70. University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas Morning News
71. Morning Consult
72. Tyson Group/Consumer Energy Alliance
73. Data for Progress/Texas Youth Power Alliance
74. Public Policy Polling/Texas Democrats
75. Global Strategy Group/Chrysta for Texas
76. YouGov/Texas Hispanic Policy Foundation/Rice University's Baker Institute
77. Trafalgar Group (R)
78. Morning Consult
79. Morning Consult
80. Spry Strategies/American Principles Project
81. Quinnipiac University
82. YouGov/CBS
83. Gravis Marketing/OANN
84. Dallas Morning News/University of Texas at Tyler
85. YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Politics Project
86. Public Policy Polling
87. Fox News
88. Public Policy Polling/Progress Texas
89. Public Policy Polling/Texas Democrats Archived June 5, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
90. Quinnipiac
91. Emerson College
92. Public Policy Polling
93. Dallas Morning News/University of Texas at Tyler
94. University of Texas/Texas Tribune
95. AtlasIntel
96. NBC News/Marist College
97. CNN/SSRS
98. Univision
99. Dallas Morning News/University of Texas at Tyler
100. YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Tribune
101. University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News Archived February 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
102. Data For Progress
103. Texas Lyceum
104. CNN/SSRS
105. Beacon Research (R)
106. University of Texas at Tyler
107. University of Texas/ Texas Tribune
108. University of Texas at Tyler
109. Univision
110. Climate Nexus
111. University of Texas at Tyler
112. Emerson
113. University of Texas at Tyler
114. Quinnipiac University
115. WPA Intelligence
116. Emerson College Archived July 3, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
117. Quinnipiac University
118. Public Policy Polling (D)
119. University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News Archived February 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
120. Data for Progress
121. University of Texas/ Texas Tribune
122. University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News Archived February 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
123. University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News Archived February 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
124. University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News Archived February 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
125. YouGov/University of Texas/Texas Tribune
126. University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News Archived February 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
127. University of Texas at Tyler/Dallas News Archived February 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
128. University of Texas/Texas Tribune
129. Atlantic Media & Research (R)
130. Public Policy Polling
131. University of Texas/Texas Tribune
132. University of Texas/Texas Tribune
133. University of Texas/Texas Tribune
134. Quinnipiac
135. University of Texas/Texas Tribune
136. University of Texas/Texas Tribune
137. Harper, Karen Brooks (October 15, 2020). "Harris County tried to make voting easier during the pandemic. Texas Republicans fought every step of the way". Texas Tribune . Retrieved October 15, 2020.
138. Rosenthal, Abigail (September 11, 2020). "Harris County implementing 24-hour polling locations for one day of early voting". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved October 15, 2020.
139. Platoff, Emma (October 1, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott limits counties to one absentee ballot drop-off location, bolstering GOP efforts to restrict voting". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
140. McGuinness, Dylan (October 15, 2020). "Harris County, Texas GOP take drive-thru voting challenge to state Supreme Court". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved October 15, 2020.
141. "Harris County Clerk's Drive-Thru Voting Pilot Is Highly Successful" (PDF). Harris County Clerk. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 30, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
142. Stern, Mark Joseph (October 31, 2020). "Texas Republicans Ask Federal Judge to Throw Out 117,000 Legally Cast Ballots". Slate . Retrieved October 31, 2002.
143. Despart, Zach (October 22, 2020). "Texas Supreme Court allows Harris County drive-thru voting to continue". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
144. Medley, Alison (October 29, 2020). "Last-minute challenge threatens to reject thousands of drive-thru votes in Harris County". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved October 30, 2020.
145. Scherer, Jasper (November 1, 2020). "Texas Supreme Court rejects GOP attempt to toss drive-thru votes; federal case remains pending". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved November 1, 2020.
146. Montgomery, David; Corasaniti, Nick (November 1, 2020). "Texas' top court denies a G.O.P. push to throw out over 120,000 votes; a federal case is pending". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved November 1, 2020.
147. Medley, Alison (November 2, 2020). "Federal judge rejects GOP-led challenge to toss out over 127,000 drive-thru ballots in Harris County". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved November 2, 2020.
148. Hiller, Jennifer (November 2, 2020). "Texas Drive-Through Voting Upheld". Reuters. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
149. Ferman, Mitchell (November 3, 2020). "Harris County voters will only have one drive-thru polling site on Election Day". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
150. "Federal judge rejects GOP push to toss 127,000 ballots in Texas". POLITICO. November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
151. Plasencia, Ariel (October 13, 2020). "Tarrant County launches new website that allows voters to check wait times at county polling locations". WFAA . Retrieved October 15, 2020.
152. Ashley Killough, Ed Lavandera and Paul LeBlanc (October 2020). "Texas governor limits election drop boxes to one per county in sprawling state". CNN.
153. Ross Levitt and Chandelis Duster (October 10, 2020). "Federal judge blocks Texas governor's directive limiting ballot drop boxes to one per county". CNN.
154. Goldenstein, Taylor (October 10, 2020). "Fifth Circuit stays lower court ruling allowing multiple ballot dropoff sites". HoustonChronicle.com.
155. Abbot v. Anti-Defamation League Austin, Sw., & Texoma Regions, No. 20-0846, 2020 WL 6295076 (Tex. Oct. 27, 2020)(per curiam).
156. Lindell, Chuck. "Appeals court upholds order against Abbott's limit on ballot drop sites". Austin American-Statesman.
157. McCullough, Jolie (October 27, 2020). "Texas counties will only be allowed one drop-off location for mail-in ballots, state Supreme Court rules". The Texas Tribune.
158. Wallace, Jeremy (October 14, 2020). "Texas surpassed 1 million votes on first day of early voting". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved October 15, 2020.
159. Harris, Cayla (October 15, 2020). "Texas nears 2 million ballots cast as early voting surge continues". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved October 15, 2020.
160. Lozano-Moreno, Luz (October 16, 2020). "Travis County early voting: 41,328 cast ballots Friday, clerk says". Austin American-Statesman . Retrieved October 17, 2020.
161. Ahmed, Amal (November 2, 2020). "Millennials and Gen Zers are Breaking Voter Turnout Records in Texas". Texas Observer . Retrieved November 2, 2020.
162. Joy, William (October 13, 2020). "Dallas County sees record turnout for first day of early voting, Tarrant County falls just short of 2016". WFAA . Retrieved October 15, 2020.
163. Debenedetto, Paul (October 13, 2020). "Harris County Shatters Single-Day Early Voting Record". Houston Public Media . Retrieved October 15, 2020.
164. Despart, Zach; Morris, Mike (October 14, 2020). "Harris County continues to set records with second day of 100,000-plus early voters". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved October 15, 2020.
165. McGuinness, Dylan (October 15, 2020). "Harris County on pace for another 100,000 ballots cast today". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved October 15, 2020.
166. "Another day, another 100,000 Harris County ballots cast Friday". Houston Chronicle . October 16, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
167. Rosenthal, Abigail (October 23, 2020). "Harris County reaches 1 million ballots cast during early voting, breaking record". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
168. "Travis County early voting: 35,873 people cast ballots on first day". Austin American-Statesman . October 13, 2020. Archived from the original on October 15, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
169. Cobler, Nicole; Bradshaw, Kelsey (October 14, 2020). "Travis County breaks another record on 2nd day of early voting" . Retrieved October 15, 2020.
170. "Travis County early voting: More than 26,000 ballots cast by 3 p.m Thursday". Austin American Statesman . October 15, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.^{[ permanent dead link ‍]}
171. Osborn, Claire (October 15, 2020). "Williamson County voter turnout reaches 17% in third day of early voting". Austin American Statesman . Retrieved October 15, 2020.
172. Villarreal, Alexandra (October 26, 2020). "How Texas went from low voter turnout to nation's top early voting state". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved October 27, 2020.
173. Cohen, Ethan; Stracqualursi, Veronica (October 30, 2020). "Texas' 2020 early voting surpasses total turnout in 2016 election". CNN. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
174. "Official Canvass Report - 2020 November 3rd General Election" (PDF). Texas Secretary of State. November 2020.
175. "Texas 2020 President exit polls". www.cnn.com. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
176. "Texas Voter Surveys: How Different Groups Voted". The New York Times. November 3, 2020. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved November 12, 2020.
177. Hernández, Arelis R.; Martin, Brittney. "Why Texas's overwhelmingly Latino Rio Grande Valley turned toward Trump". The Washington Post . ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved November 12, 2020.
178. Solis, Dianne; Corchado, Alfredo; Morris, Allie; Cobler, Paul (November 6, 2020). "With the Latino vote up for grabs, how did Trump make inroads in South Texas?". The Dallas Morning News . Retrieved November 10, 2020.
179. Jacobson, Louis (November 10, 2020). "Biden Gained Votes Nationwide on the Way to Victory". U.S. News & World Report . Retrieved November 27, 2020.
180. Bain, Kaitlin (November 15, 2020). "Jefferson County: From 'blue' to one of few". Beaumont Enterprise. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
181. Dobbins, James; Fernandez, Manny (November 7, 2020). "In Texas, an Emerging Problem for Democrats on the Border". The New York Times . Retrieved November 10, 2020.
182. "2020 Presidential Election Texas Results by Metropolitan Area". Daves Redistricting. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
183. "2016 Presidential Election in Texas Results by Metro Area". Daves Redistricting. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
184. Samuels, Alex (October 19, 2021). "Why Democratic Gains In Texas's Big Metro Areas Could Outweigh Republican Success In South Texas". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
185. "Election Results". www.collincountytx.gov. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
186. "Denton County, TX Elections". www.votedenton.gov. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
187. Lemon, Jason (June 5, 2021). "Paxton: Trump Would've Lost Texas If It Hadn't Blocked Mail-in Ballot Forms". Newsweek. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
188. "Texas 2020 President exit polls". www.cnn.com. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
189. "Texas Exit Polls: How Different Groups Voted". The New York Times. November 3, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.

Further reading

• "Democrats eye Arizona, Georgia and Texas as potentially winnable", Theguardian.com , UK, September 5, 2020
• Nick Corasaniti; Stephanie Saul; Patricia Mazzei (September 13, 2020), "Big Voting Decisions in Florida, Wisconsin, Texas: What They Mean for November", The New York Times , archived from the original on September 13, 2020, Both parties are waging legal battles around the country over who gets to vote and how
• David Weigel; Lauren Tierney (October 4, 2020), "The seven political states of Texas", Washingtonpost.com , archived from the original on October 5, 2020
• David Wasserman (October 6, 2020), "The 10 Bellwether Counties That Show How Trump Is in Serious Trouble", The New York Times . (Describes bellwether Collin County, Texas)
• Carrasco, Luis (November 8, 2020). "Essay: What happened in the Valley? Latino voters were for Democrats to lose — and they did". Houston Chronicle . - Opinion piece

External links

• Elections Division at the Texas Secretary of State official website
• Texas at Ballotpedia
• Government Documents Round Table of the American Library Association, "Texas", Voting & Elections Toolkits
• "Texas: Election Tools, Deadlines, Dates, Rules, and Links", Vote.org , Oakland, CA
• University of Texas Libraries, "Voting and Elections", Research Guides
• "League of Women Voters of Texas". (state affiliate of the U.S. League of Women Voters)