Activating protein 2

Last updated
transcription factor AP-2 alpha (activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha)
Identifiers
Symbol TFAP2A
Alt. symbolsTFAP2, AP2TF
NCBI gene 7020
HGNC 11742
OMIM 107580
RefSeq NM_003220
UniProt P05549
Other data
Locus Chr. 6 p22.3
transcription factor AP-2 beta (activating enhancer binding protein 2 beta)
Identifiers
SymbolTFAP2B
Alt. symbolsAP2-B
NCBI gene 7021
HGNC 11743
OMIM 601601
RefSeq NM_003221
UniProt Q92481
Other data
Locus Chr. 6 p12
transcription factor AP-2 gamma (activating enhancer binding protein 2 gamma)
Identifiers
SymbolTFAP2C
NCBI gene 7022
HGNC 11744
OMIM 601602
RefSeq NM_003222
UniProt Q92754
Other data
Locus Chr. 20 q13.2
transcription factor AP-2 delta (activating enhancer binding protein 2 delta)
Identifiers
SymbolTFAP2D
Alt. symbolsTFAP2BL1
NCBI gene 83741
HGNC 15581
OMIM 610161
RefSeq NM_172238
UniProt Q7Z6R9
Other data
Locus Chr. 6 p12.3
transcription factor AP-2 epsilon (activating enhancer binding protein 2 epsilon)
Identifiers
SymbolTFAP2E
Alt. symbolsAP2E
NCBI gene 339488
HGNC 30774
RefSeq NM_178548
UniProt Q6VUC0
Other data
Locus Chr. 1 p34.3

Activating Protein 2 (AP-2) is a family of closely related transcription factors [1] [2] which plays a critical role in regulating gene expression during early development. [3]

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Transcription factor AP-2 gamma also known as AP2-gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFAP2C gene. AP2-gamma is a member of the activating protein 2 family of transcription factors.

The transactivation domain or trans-activating domain (TAD) is a transcription factor scaffold domain which contains binding sites for other proteins such as transcription coregulators. These binding sites are frequently referred to as activation functions (AFs). TADs are named after their amino acid composition. These amino acids are either essential for the activity or simply the most abundant in the TAD. Transactivation by the Gal4 transcription factor is mediated by acidic amino acids, whereas hydrophobic residues in Gcn4 play a similar role. Hence, the TADs in Gal4 and Gcn4 are referred to as acidic or hydrophobic The activation domains, respectively.

References

  1. Williams T, Tjian R (1991). "Characterization of a dimerization motif in AP-2 and its function in heterologous DNA-binding proteins". Science. 251 (4997): 1067–71. doi:10.1126/science.1998122. PMID   1998122.
  2. Williams T, Tjian R (1991). "Analysis of the DNA-binding and activation properties of the human transcription factor AP-2". Genes Dev. 5 (4): 670–82. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.4.670 . PMID   2010091.
  3. Hilger-Eversheim K, Moser M, Schorle H, Buettner R (2000). "Regulatory roles of AP-2 transcription factors in vertebrate development, apoptosis and cell-cycle control". Gene. 260 (1–2): 1–12. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00454-6. PMID   11137286.