MKX | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aliases | MKX , C10orf48, IFRX, IRXL1, mohawk homeobox | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 601332 MGI: 2687286 HomoloGene: 72239 GeneCards: MKX | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Orthologs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Species | Human | Mouse | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Entrez | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ensembl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Location (UCSC) | Chr 10: 27.67 – 27.75 Mb | Chr 18: 6.93 – 7 Mb | |||||||||||||||||||||||
PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Homeobox protein Mohawk, also known as iroquois homeobox protein-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MKX (mohawk homeobox) gene. [5] MKX is a member of an Iroquois (IRX) family-related class of 'three-amino acid loop extension' (TALE) atypical homeobox proteins characterized by 3 additional amino acids in the loop region between helix I and helix II of the homeodomain. [5] [6]
MKX is a transcription factor that regulates tendon differentiation during embryological development. Knocking out this gene in mouse embryos results in them developing hypoplastic tendons containing less type I collagen. [7] MKX binds directly to the promoter of MyoD and represses its expression, negatively regulating muscle differentiation. [8]
Expression of MKX is maintained in adult tendon tissues, decreasing as a result of ageing or osteoarthritis. Collagen fibres in tendons become more dense and thick following mechanical stimulation as a result of exercise, [9] and MKX is essential in this mechanosensory process. [10]
Homeobox protein CDX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDX2 gene. The CDX2 protein is a homeobox transcription factor expressed in the nuclei of intestinal epithelial cells, playing an essential role in the development and function of the digestive system. CDX2 part of the ParaHox gene cluster, a group of three highly conserved developmental genes present in most vertebrate species. Together with CDX1 and CDX4, CDX2 is one of three caudal-related genes in the human genome.
Homeobox protein Nkx-3.1, also known as NKX3-1, NKX3, BAPX2, NKX3A and NKX3.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKX3-1 gene located on chromosome 8p. NKX3-1 is a prostatic tumor suppressor gene.
NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1), also known as thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NKX2-1 gene.
Homeobox protein Hox-A10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA10 gene.
Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKX2.5 gene.
Homeobox protein MSX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSX2 gene.
Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HHEX gene and also known as Proline Rich Homeodomain protein PRH.
Homeobox protein Hox-B4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB4 gene.
Prospero homeobox protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROX1 gene.
Paired related homeobox 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRRX1 gene.
Homeobox protein Meis2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEIS2 gene.
LIM homeobox 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LHX1 gene. This gene encodes a member of a large protein family which contains the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein is a transcription factor important for control of differentiation and development of neural and lymphoid cells. It is also key in development of renal and urogenital systems and is required for normal organogenesis. A similar protein in mice is an essential regulator of the vertebrate head organizer.
Homeobox protein Hox-A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA2 gene.
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-3, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX3 gene.
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-1, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX1 gene. All members of the Iroquois (IRO) family of proteins share two highly conserved features, encoding both a homeodomain and a characteristic IRO sequence motif. Members of this family are known to play numerous roles in early embryo patterning. IRX1 has also been shown to act as a tumor suppressor gene in several forms of cancer.
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-2, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX2 gene.
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-4, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX4 gene.
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-5, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 5, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX5 gene.
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-6, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 6, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX6 gene.
PBX/Knotted 1 Homeobox 2 (PKNOX2) protein belongs to the three amino acid loop extension (TALE) class of homeodomain proteins, and is encoded by PKNOX2 gene in humans. The protein regulates the transcription of other genes and affects anatomical development.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.