MKX

This article is about the protein. For the Mortal Kombat video game, see Mortal Kombat X. For other uses, see MKX (disambiguation).

MKX
Identifiers
Aliases	MKX , C10orf48, IFRX, IRXL1, mohawk homeobox
External IDs	OMIM: 601332; MGI: 2687286; HomoloGene: 72239; GeneCards: MKX; OMA:MKX - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 10 (human) [1] Band 10p12.1 Start 27,672,874 bp [1] End 27,746,060 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 18 (mouse) [2] Band 18 A1|18 4.53 cM Start 6,934,518 bp [2] End 7,004,780 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in Achilles tendon endothelial cell right coronary artery prostate popliteal artery tibial arteries testicle stromal cell of endometrium anterior pituitary left coronary artery Top expressed in hand cumulus cell somite foot genital tubercle lacrimal gland female urethra tail of embryo desmocranium calvaria More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function sequence-specific DNA binding DNA binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Cellular component nucleus Biological process regulation of transcription, DNA-templated muscle organ development multicellular organism development regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 283078 210719 Ensembl ENSG00000150051 ENSMUSG00000061013 UniProt Q8IYA7 Q8BIA3 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001242702 NM_173576 NM_177595 RefSeq (protein) NP_001229631 NP_775847 NP_808263 Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 27.67 – 27.75 Mb Chr 18: 6.93 – 7 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Homeobox protein Mohawk, also known as iroquois homeobox protein-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MKX (mohawk homeobox) gene. ^[5] MKX is a member of an Iroquois (IRX) family-related class of 'three-amino acid loop extension' (TALE) atypical homeobox proteins characterized by 3 additional amino acids in the loop region between helix I and helix II of the homeodomain. ^{[5] [6]}

Function

MKX is a transcription factor that regulates tendon differentiation during embryological development. Knocking out this gene in mouse embryos results in them developing hypoplastic tendons containing less type I collagen. ^[7] MKX binds directly to the promoter of MyoD and represses its expression, negatively regulating muscle differentiation. ^[8]

Expression of MKX is maintained in adult tendon tissues, decreasing as a result of ageing or osteoarthritis. Collagen fibres in tendons become more dense and thick following mechanical stimulation as a result of exercise, ^[9] and MKX is essential in this mechanosensory process. ^[10]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000150051 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061013 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: mohawk homeobox".
6. Anderson DM, Arredondo J, Hahn K, Valente G, Martin JF, Wilson-Rawls J, Rawls A (March 2006). "Mohawk is a novel homeobox gene expressed in the developing mouse embryo". Developmental Dynamics. 235 (3): 792–801. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.20671 . PMID   16408284. S2CID   29018840.
7. Ito Y, Toriuchi N, Yoshitaka T, Ueno-Kudoh H, Sato T, Yokoyama S, Nishida K, Akimoto T, Takahashi M, Miyaki S, Asahara H (June 2010). "The Mohawk homeobox gene is a critical regulator of tendon differentiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (23): 10538–42. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10710538I. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1000525107 . PMC   2890854 . PMID   20498044.
8. Chuang HN, Hsiao KM, Chang HY, Wu CC, Pan H (July 2014). "The homeobox transcription factor Irxl1 negatively regulates MyoD expression and myoblast differentiation". The FEBS Journal. 281 (13): 2990–3003. doi: 10.1111/febs.12837 . PMID   24814716. S2CID   19733342.
9. Nakahara H, Hasegawa A, Otabe K, Ayabe F, Matsukawa T, Onizuka N, Ito Y, Ozaki T, Lotz MK, Asahara H (August 2013). "Transcription factor Mohawk and the pathogenesis of human anterior cruciate ligament degradation". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 65 (8): 2081–9. doi:10.1002/art.38020. PMC   3840305 . PMID   23686683.
10. Kayama T, Mori M, Ito Y, Matsushima T, Nakamichi R, Suzuki H, Ichinose S, Saito M, Marumo K, Asahara H (April 2016). "Gtf2ird1-Dependent Mohawk Expression Regulates Mechanosensing Properties of the Tendon". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 36 (8): 1297–309. doi:10.1128/MCB.00950-15. PMC   4836271 . PMID   26884464.

Further reading

• Robertson NG, Khetarpal U, Gutiérrez-Espeleta GA, Bieber FR, Morton CC (September 1994). "Isolation of novel and known genes from a human fetal cochlear cDNA library using subtractive hybridization and differential screening". Genomics. 23 (1): 42–50. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1457. hdl: 10669/15162 . PMID   7829101.
• Weinmann A, Galle PR, Teufel A (September 2005). "In silico characterization of an Iroquois family-related homeodomain protein". International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 16 (3): 443–8. doi:10.3892/ijmm.16.3.443. PMID   16077953.
• Anderson DM, Arredondo J, Hahn K, Valente G, Martin JF, Wilson-Rawls J, Rawls A (March 2006). "Mohawk is a novel homeobox gene expressed in the developing mouse embryo". Developmental Dynamics. 235 (3): 792–801. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.20671 . PMID   16408284. S2CID   29018840.
• Barbe L, Lundberg E, Oksvold P, Stenius A, Lewin E, Björling E, Asplund A, Pontén F, Brismar H, Uhlén M, Andersson-Svahn H (March 2008). "Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome". Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 7 (3): 499–508. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M700325-MCP200 . PMID   18029348.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.