EMX2

Last updated
EMX2
Identifiers
Aliases EMX2 , empty spiracles homeobox 2
External IDs OMIM: 600035 MGI: 95388 HomoloGene: 3023 GeneCards: EMX2
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_004098
NM_001165924

NM_010132

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001159396
NP_004089

NP_034262

Location (UCSC)n/a Chr 19: 59.45 – 59.45 Mb
PubMed search [2] [3]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Homeobox protein Emx2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EMX2 gene. [4] [5]

Contents

Function

The homeodomain transcription factor EMX2 is critical for central nervous system and urogenital development. EMX1 (MIM 600034) and EMX2 are related to the 'empty spiracles' gene expressed in the developing Drosophila head.[supplied by OMIM]. [5]

The EMX2 gene encodes for a transcription factor that is a homolog to Drosophila melanogaster “empty spiracles” gene. [5] The “empty spiracles gene” is needed for the proper head development/formation as well as the development of posterior spiracles in Drosophila melanogaster. [6]

In humans, EMX2 shows high expression in the dorsal telencephalon, olfactory neuroepithelium, as well as the urogenital system. [5] In the developing uroepithelium, EMX2 is negatively regulated by HOXA10. [5] EMX2 has been associated with Schizencephaly, [5] a disease where there are large parts of the brain hemispheres absent and that are replaced with cerebrospinal fluid, clinical observations can include seizures, blindness, and inability to walk/speak. [7] EMX2 has also been shown to have an important role in tumorigenesis. One study found that the expression of EMX2 is significantly decreased in tissues and cells with colorectal cancer. It is suspected that EMX2 could be used as a treatment of colorectal cancer. [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXA7</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-A7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA7 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXB1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXB2</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Homeobox protein Hox-B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXC4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-C4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXC6</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXD4</span> Protein-coding gene

Homeobox protein Hox-D4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXB8</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXD12</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXC9</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">OTX1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein OTX1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OTX1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXC11</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-C11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC11 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DLX1</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">EMX1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein EMX1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EMX1 gene. The transcribed EMX1 gene is a member of the EMX family of transcription factors. The EMX1 gene, along with its family members, are expressed in the developing cerebrum. EMX1 plays a role in specification of positional identity, the proliferation of neural stem cells, differentiation of layer-specific neuronal phenotypes and commitment to a neuronal or glial cell fate.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000043969 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. Kastury K, Druck T, Huebner K, Barletta C, Acampora D, Simeone A, Faiella A, Boncinelli E (Dec 1994). "Chromosome locations of human EMX and OTX genes". Genomics. 22 (1): 41–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1343. PMID   7959790.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "EMX2 empty spiracles homeobox 2". Entrez Gene.
  6. Walldorf U, Gehring WJ (June 1992). "Empty spiracles, a gap gene containing a homeobox involved in Drosophila head development". The EMBO Journal. 11 (6): 2247–59. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05284.x. PMC   556692 . PMID   1376248.
  7. "Schizencephaly". Genetic Testing Registry (GTR). National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  8. Zhang Y, Cao G, Yuan QG, Li JH, Yang WB (April 2017). "Empty Spiracles Homeobox 2 (EMX2) Inhibits the Invasion and Tumorigenesis in Colorectal Cancer Cells". Oncology Research. 25 (4): 537–544. doi:10.3727/096504016X14756640150695. PMC   7841084 . PMID   27712600.

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.