Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PBX1 gene. [5] The homologous protein in Drosophila is known as extradenticle, and causes changes in embryonic development.
Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PBX1 gene. [5] The homologous protein in Drosophila is known as extradenticle, and causes changes in embryonic development.
Mice studies suggest PBX1 is involved in bone generation and skeletal patterning. [6]
PBX1 has been shown to interact with:
The Drosophila melangoster gene called extradenticle encodes a homeodomain protein that is 71% similar to the Pbx1 protein, and is considered homologous to PBX1. [14] extradenticle is a homeodomain transcription factor [15] expressed during embryogenesis and is related to morphological changes and development. [14]
Reduced levels of extradenticle cause segmental transformations, without affecting the functionality or location of homeotic genes. Complete removal of extradenticle both maternally and zygotically leads to alterations from failure of non-extradenticle protein expression. [16]
A monoclonal antibody study of the expression of extradenticle protein in embryonic development found that it is uniformly distributed, as well as excluded from cell nuclei, until gastrulation. During the germ band retraction stage of development, extradenticle protein begins to accumulate in the nuclei of cells in a specific pattern. Proximal areas of wing and leg imaginal discs have extradenticle present in the nucleus, while distal areas only have it in the cytoplasm. [17]
A homeobox is a DNA sequence, around 180 base pairs long, that regulates large-scale anatomical features in the early stages of embryonic development. Mutations in a homeobox may change large-scale anatomical features of the full-grown organism.
Transcription factor 3, also known as TCF3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCF3 gene. TCF3 has been shown to directly enhance Hes1 expression.
Homeobox protein MSX-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSX1 gene. MSX1 transcripts are not only found in thyrotrope-derived TSH cells, but also in the TtT97 thyrotropic tumor, which is a well differentiated hyperplastic tissue that produces both TSHß- and a-subunits and is responsive to thyroid hormone. MSX1 is also expressed in highly differentiated pituitary cells which until recently was thought to be expressed exclusively during embryogenesis. There is a highly conserved structural organization of the members of the MSX family of genes and their abundant expression at sites of inductive cell–cell interactions in the embryo suggest that they have a pivotal role during early development.
Homeobox protein Hox-B7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB7 gene.
Homeobox protein Hox-A10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA10 gene.
Homeobox protein MSX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSX2 gene.
Homeobox protein Meis1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEIS1 gene.
Homeobox D10, also known as HOXD10, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HOXD10 gene.
PBX/Knotted 1 Homeobox 1 (PKNOX1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKNOX1 gene.
Hepatic leukemia factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLF gene.
Homeobox protein Hox-A7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA7 gene.
Homeobox protein Hox-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB1 gene.
Homeobox protein Hox-B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB2 gene.
Homeobox protein Hox-B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB3 gene.
Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PBX2 gene.
Homeobox protein Hox-D4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD4 gene.
Protein lyl-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LYL1 gene.
Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PBX3 gene.
The Cdx protein family is a group of the transcription factor proteins which bind to DNA to regulate the expression of genes. In particular this family of proteins can regulate the Hox genes. They are regulators of embryonic development and hematopoiesis in vertebrates, and are also involved in the development of some types of gastrointestinal cancers and leukemias.
Selection and amplification binding assay (SAAB) is a molecular biology technique typically used to find the DNA binding site for proteins. It was developed by T. Keith Blackwell and Harold M. Weintraub in 1990.
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