The preinitiation complex is a complex of approximately 100 proteins that is necessary for the transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes and archaea. The preinitiation complex positions RNA polymerase II at gene transcription start sites, denatures the DNA, and positions the DNA in the RNA polymerase II active site for transcription.
General transcription factors (GTFs), also known as basal transcriptional factors, are a class of protein transcription factors that bind to specific sites (promoter) on DNA to activate transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. GTFs, RNA polymerase, and the mediator constitute the basic transcriptional apparatus that first bind to the promoter, then start transcription. GTFs are also intimately involved in the process of gene regulation, and most are required for life.
The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a general transcription factor that binds specifically to a DNA sequence called the TATA box. This DNA sequence is found about 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site in some eukaryotic gene promoters.
Transcription factor II E (TFIIE) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. It is a tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains and interacts with TAF6/TAFII80, ATF7IP, and varicella-zoster virus IE63 protein.
DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLR2E gene.
Transcription elongation factor SPT5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUPT5H gene.
Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 7 also known as TAFII55 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF7 gene.
Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF5 gene.
General transcription factor 3C polypeptide 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF3C2 gene.
General transcription factor 3C polypeptide 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF3C1 gene.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR3F gene.
snRNA-activating protein complex subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAPC3 gene.
snRNA-activating protein complex subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAPC2 gene.
General transcription factor IIF subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2F1 gene.
General transcription factor IIF subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2F2 gene.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR3C gene.
Transcription factor IIIB 50 kDa subunit (TFIIIB50) also known as b-related factor 2 (BRF-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRF2 gene.
Transcription initiation factor IIA subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2A1 gene.
General transcription factor IIE subunit 1 (GTF2E1), also known as transcription initiation factor IIE subunit alpha (TFIIE-alpha), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2E1 gene.
Selective factor 1 is a transcription factor that binds to the promoter of genes and recruits a preinitiation complex to which RNA polymerase I will bind to and begin the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
