Brain-specific homeobox

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Brain-specific homeobox is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BSX gene. [1]

Contents

Structure and expression pattern

Bsx is an evolutionarily highly-conserved homeodomain-containing transcription factor that belongs to the ANTP-class. [2] In mouse it has been shown to be expressed in the telencephalic septum, pineal gland, the mammillary bodies and arcuate nucleus. [3]

Function in the hypothalamus

In the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, Bsx has been demonstrated to be necessary for normal expression levels of the two orexigenic neuropeptides Agouti-related peptide and Neuropeptide Y. [4]

Function in the pineal gland

In the pineal gland of the clawed frog Xenopus , Bsx is expressed following the circadian rhythm and controls photoreceptor cell differentiation. [5] In zebrafish Bsx is required for normal development of all cell types within the pineal gland, including melatonin-releasing pinealocytes, photoreceptor cells and leftwards migrating parapineal cells, [6] which in zebrafish are crucial for the establishment of brain asymmetry. [7]

References

  1. ↑ "Entrez Gene: BSX brain-specific homeobox".
  2. ↑ Ferrier, David E. K. (14 April 2016). "Evolution of Homeobox Gene Clusters in Animals: The Giga-Cluster and Primary vs. Secondary Clustering". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 4: 36. Bibcode:2016FrEEv...4...36F. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00036 . hdl: 10023/8685 .
  3. ↑ Cremona, M; Colombo, E; Andreazzoli, M; Cossu, G; Broccoli, V (January 2004). "Bsx, an evolutionary conserved Brain Specific homeoboX gene expressed in the septum, epiphysis, mammillary bodies and arcuate nucleus". Gene Expression Patterns. 4 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1016/S1567-133X(03)00151-0. PMID   14678827.
  4. ↑ Sakkou, M; Wiedmer, P; Anlag, K; Hamm, A; Seuntjens, E; Ettwiller, L; Tschöp, MH; Treier, M (June 2007). "A role for brain-specific homeobox factor Bsx in the control of hyperphagia and locomotory behavior". Cell Metabolism. 5 (6): 450–63. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.007 . PMID   17550780.
  5. ↑ D'Autilia, S.; Broccoli, V.; Barsacchi, G.; Andreazzoli, M. (22 March 2010). "Xenopus Bsx links daily cell cycle rhythms and pineal photoreceptor fate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (14): 6352–6357. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.6352D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1000854107 . PMC   2852004 . PMID   20308548.
  6. ↑ Schredelseker, Theresa; Driever, Wolfgang (1 July 2018). "Bsx controls pineal complex development". Development. 145 (13): dev163477. doi: 10.1242/dev.163477 (inactive 13 November 2025). PMID   29945867.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2025 (link)
  7. ↑ Duboc, Véronique; Dufourcq, Pascale; Blader, Patrick; Roussigné, Myriam (23 November 2015). "Asymmetry of the Brain: Development and Implications". Annual Review of Genetics. 49 (1): 647–672. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-112414-055322. PMID   26442849.
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