POU class 1 homeobox 1, also known as pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1 (PIT1), POU domain, class 1, transcription factor 1 (POU1F1) and growth hormone factor 1 (GHF1), is a transcription factor for growth hormone encoded by the gene POU1F1. [5] [6]
PIT1 is part of the POU family of transcription factors. [7] It is expressed by somatotrophic cells, [8] as well as thyrotrophs [9] and lactotrophs [10] of the anterior pituitary gland. It contains a C-terminal domain for transactivation. [9] Another domain is DNA binding—its C-terminal portion is homologous to the homeodomain consensus, [8] common to many genes involved in development, while the other portion is POU specific, affords PIT1 specificity in its transcriptional activation of the prolactin and growth hormone genes and is involved in protein-protein interactions. [9] Activity on thyroid stimulating hormone-beta expression is also known for PIT1. [9]
Pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1 has been shown to interact with GATA2 [11] and PITX1. [12]
The nuclear receptor 4A2 (NR4A2) also known as nuclear receptor related 1 protein (NURR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A2 gene. NR4A2 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.
Homeobox expressed in ES cells 1, also known as homeobox protein ANF, is a homeobox protein that in humans is encoded by the HESX1 gene.
The growth-hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that binds growth hormone-releasing hormone. The GHRHR activates a Gs protein that causes a cascade of cAMP via adenylate cyclase. GHRHR is distinct from the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, where growth hormone releasing peptides act to release growth hormone.
HNF1 homeobox A, also known as HNF1A, is a human gene on chromosome 12. It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the liver and is involved in the regulation of the expression of several liver-specific genes. Mutations in the HNF1A gene have been known to cause diabetes. The HNF1A gene also contains a SNP associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.
Growth hormone 1, also known as pituitary growth hormone or simply as growth hormone (GH) somatotropin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GH1 gene.
GATA2 or GATA-binding factor 2 is a transcription factor, i.e. a nuclear protein which regulates the expression of genes. It regulates many genes that are critical for the embryonic development, self-renewal, maintenance, and functionality of blood-forming, lympathic system-forming, and other tissue-forming stem cells. GATA2 is encoded by the GATA2 gene, a gene which often suffers germline and somatic mutations which lead to a wide range of familial and sporadic diseases, respectively. The gene and its product are targets for the treatment of these diseases.
SRY -box 2, also known as SOX2, is a transcription factor that is essential for maintaining self-renewal, or pluripotency, of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. Sox2 has a critical role in maintenance of embryonic and neural stem cells.
POU is a family of eukaryotic transcription factors that have well-conserved homeodomains. The Pou domain is a bipartite DNA binding domain found in these proteins.
Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 also known as pituitary homeobox 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PITX2 gene.
Homeobox protein prophet of PIT-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROP1 gene.
Growth hormone 2 (GH2), also known more commonly as placental growth hormone (PGH) or growth hormone variant (GH-V), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GH2 gene. It is produced by and secreted from the placenta during pregnancy, and becomes the predominant form of growth hormone (GH) in the body during this time. Its cogener is growth hormone 1 (GH1), or pituitary growth hormone.
LIM/homeobox protein Lhx3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LHX3 gene.
POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POU3F2 gene.
POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 1 (POU4F1) also known as brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3A (BRN3A), homeobox/POU domain protein RDC-1 or Oct-T1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POU4F1 gene.
Transcription factor SOX-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOX3 gene. This gene encodes a member of the SOX family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic brain development and in determination of cell fate. The encoded protein acts as a transcriptional activator.
Paired-like homeodomain 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PITX1 gene.
POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POU3F1 gene.
POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POU3F4 gene found on the X chromosome.
LIM/homeobox protein Lhx4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LHX4 gene.
Thyroid stimulating hormone, beta also known as TSHB is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TSHB gene.
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