Related Research Articles
The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4, is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding any of the androgenic hormones, including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus. The androgen receptor is most closely related to the progesterone receptor, and progestins in higher dosages can block the androgen receptor.
In the field of molecular biology, the pregnane X receptor (PXR), also known as the steroid and xenobiotic sensing nuclear receptor (SXR) or nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 (NR1I2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR1I2 gene.
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR1I3 gene. CAR is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and along with pregnane X receptor (PXR) functions as a sensor of endobiotic and xenobiotic substances. In response, expression of proteins responsible for the metabolism and excretion of these substances is upregulated. Hence, CAR and PXR play a major role in the detoxification of foreign substances such as drugs.
In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins found within cells that are responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules. In response, these receptors work with other proteins to regulate the expression of specific genes, thereby controlling the development, homeostasis, and metabolism of the organism.
The ERRs are orphan nuclear receptors, meaning the identity of their endogenous ligand has yet to be unambiguously determined. They are named because of sequence homology with estrogen receptors, but do not appear to bind estrogens or other tested steroid hormones.
The Rev-Erb proteins are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of intracellular transcription factors and key regulatory components of the circadian clock. There are two forms of the receptor, Rev-Erb alpha and Rev-Erb beta, which are each encoded by a separate gene .
The nuclear receptor 4A1 also known as Nur77, TR3, and NGFI-B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A1 gene.
The nuclear receptor 4A2 (NR4A2) also known as nuclear receptor related 1 protein (NURR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A2 gene. NR4A2 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.
The nuclear receptor 4A3 (NR4A3) also known as neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A3 gene. NR4A3 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.
The small heterodimer partner (SHP) also known as NR0B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR0B2 gene. SHP is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors. SHP is unusual for a nuclear receptor in that it lacks a DNA binding domain. Therefore, it is technically neither a transcription factor nor nuclear receptor but nevertheless it is still classified as such due to relatively high sequence homology with other nuclear receptor family members.
V-erbA-related protein 2 (EAR-2) also known as NR2F6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2F6 gene. V-erbA-related protein 2 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors. It is named after its similarity to v-erbA, a helper of an oncoprotein called v-erbB in avian erythroblastosis virus.
RAR-related orphan receptor beta (ROR-beta), also known as NR1F2 is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RORB gene.
Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR-alpha), also known as NR2B1 is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RXRA gene.
COUP-TF1 also known as NR2F1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2F1 gene. This protein is a member of nuclear hormone receptor family of steroid hormone receptors.
COUP-TFII, also known as NR2F2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2F2 gene. The COUP acronym stands for chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter.
The testicular receptor 2 (TR2) also known as NR2C1 is protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2C1 gene. TR2 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors.
Testicular receptor 4 also known as NR2C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2C2 gene.
Liver X receptor beta (LXR-β) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. LXR-β is encoded by the NR1H2 gene.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1B gene.
Proline-rich nuclear receptor coactivator 1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PNRC1 gene.
References
- ↑ Lee YF, Lee HJ, Chang C (2002). "Recent advances in the TR2 and TR4 orphan receptors of the nuclear receptor superfamily". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 81 (4–5): 291–308. doi:10.1016/S0960-0760(02)00118-8. PMID 12361719. S2CID 11638283.
- ↑ Chang C, Kokontis J, Acakpo-Satchivi L, Liao S, Takeda H, Chang Y (1989). "Molecular cloning of new human TR2 receptors: a class of steroid receptor with multiple ligand-binding domains". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165 (2): 735–41. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(89)80028-2. PMID 2597158.
- ↑ Yoshikawa T, DuPont BR, Leach RJ, Detera-Wadleigh SD (1996). "New variants of the human and rat nuclear hormone receptor, TR4: expression and chromosomal localization of the human gene". Genomics. 35 (2): 361–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0368. PMID 8661150.
- ↑ Chang C, Da Silva SL, Ideta R, Lee Y, Yeh S, Burbach JP (1994). "Human and rat TR4 orphan receptors specify a subclass of the steroid receptor superfamily". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (13): 6040–4. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.6040C. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.13.6040 . PMC 44133 . PMID 8016112.
