Gamma-interferon-inducible protein Ifi-16 (Ifi-16) also known as interferon-inducible myeloid differentiation transcriptional activator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFI16 gene. [5] [6] [7]
Gamma-interferon-inducible protein Ifi-16 (Ifi-16) also known as interferon-inducible myeloid differentiation transcriptional activator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFI16 gene. [5] [6] [7]
This gene encodes a member of the HIN-200 (hematopoietic interferon-inducible nuclear antigens with 200 amino acid repeats) family of cytokines. The encoded protein contains domains involved in DNA binding, transcriptional regulation, and protein-protein interactions. The protein localizes to the nucleoplasm and nucleoli, and interacts with p53, [8] retinoblastoma-1 and BRCA1. [9] It modulates p53 function, and inhibits cell growth in the Ras/Raf signaling pathway. [7] IFI16 has been shown to play a role in the sensing of intracellular DNA [10] - a hallmark of virally infected cells - and has also been linked to the death of HIV-infected helper CD4 T cells by pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death. [11] [12] Recently, it has been shown how IFI16, once extracellularly released, can induce inflammation upon TLR4 binding, acting as a DAMP. [13]
Interferons are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses.
p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53, or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins are crucial in vertebrates, where they prevent cancer formation. As such, p53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome" because of its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation. Hence TP53 is classified as a tumor suppressor gene.
Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (M2) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Ifi202 is a mouse gene. Increased expression levels of the Ifi202 mRNA and nuclear localization of p202 protein in immune cells are associated with the development of autoimmunity in certain strains of mice. Therefore, the gene has been implicated in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease responsible for attacking many types of organs. Ifi202 gene encodes for p202 protein, which belongs to the p200-protein family. The IFI family of genes is inducible by type 1 interferon and interferon gamma.
IκBα is one member of a family of cellular proteins that function to inhibit the NF-κB transcription factor. IκBα inhibits NF-κB by masking the nuclear localization signals (NLS) of NF-κB proteins and keeping them sequestered in an inactive state in the cytoplasm. In addition, IκBα blocks the ability of NF-κB transcription factors to bind to DNA, which is required for NF-κB's proper functioning.
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is the protein product of the PML gene. PML protein is a tumor suppressor protein required for the assembly of a number of nuclear structures, called PML-nuclear bodies, which form amongst the chromatin of the cell nucleus. These nuclear bodies are present in mammalian nuclei, at about 1 to 30 per cell nucleus. PML-NBs are known to have a number of regulatory cellular functions, including involvement in programmed cell death, genome stability, antiviral effects and controlling cell division. PML mutation or loss, and the subsequent dysregulation of these processes, has been implicated in a variety of cancers.
Tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 also known as p53-binding protein 1 or 53BP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TP53BP1 gene.
E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS4 is one of several protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) proteins. It is also known as protein inhibitor of activated STAT protein gamma, and is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIAS4 gene.
Interferon regulatory factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF1 gene.
Fanconi anemia group J protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRCA1-interacting protein 1 (BRIP1) gene.
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFIT1 gene.
N-myc-interactor also known as N-myc and STAT interactor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NMI gene.
K(lysine) acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A), is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the KAT6A gene. This gene is located on human chromosome 8, band 8p11.21.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLK2 gene.
SP110 nuclear body protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP110 gene.
Myeloid cell Nuclear Differentiation Antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded as MNDA gene.
Putative quinone oxidoreductase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TP53I3 gene.
Tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TP53INP1 gene. In mice this protein is also called TRP53INP1 and is encoded by the Trp53inp1 gene. The protein is also referred to as SIP or "stress inducible protein"
Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MX2 gene.
Interferon-inducible protein AIM2 also known as absent in melanoma 2 or simply AIM2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIM2 gene.
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