DLX2

DLX2
Identifiers
Aliases	DLX2 , TES-1, TES1, AW121999, Dlx-2, distal-less homeobox 2
External IDs	OMIM: 126255; MGI: 94902; HomoloGene: 3244; GeneCards: DLX2; OMA:DLX2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human) [1] Band 2q31.1 Start 172,099,438 bp [1] End 172,102,900 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse) [2] Band 2 C2|2 42.65 cM Start 71,373,752 bp [2] End 71,377,098 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gonad buccal mucosa cell sperm ganglionic eminence periodontal fiber pericardium ventricular zone Brodmann area 23 middle temporal gyrus superior frontal gyrus Top expressed in Rostral migratory stream medial ganglionic eminence tooth molar tooth germ enamel organ olfactory bulb hair follicle lateral septal nucleus enteric nervous system More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific chromatin binding protein binding single-stranded RNA binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component nucleus Biological process cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation proximal/distal pattern formation cell differentiation regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription by RNA polymerase II branching morphogenesis of a nerve embryonic skeletal system development multicellular organism development odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment cartilage development brain development negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation forebrain neuron differentiation embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis olfactory bulb development hippocampus development subpallium development negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of cell differentiation negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation positive regulation of amacrine cell differentiation transcription, DNA-templated Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1746 13392 Ensembl ENSG00000115844 ENSMUSG00000023391 UniProt Q07687 P40764 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004405 NM_010054 RefSeq (protein) NP_004396 NP_004396.1 NP_034184 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 172.1 – 172.1 Mb Chr 2: 71.37 – 71.38 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Homeobox protein DLX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLX2 gene. ^{[5] [6]}

Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 2. ^[6]

Interactions

DLX2 has been shown to interact with DLX5, ^[7] MSX1 ^[7] and Msh homeobox 2. ^[7]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000115844 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023391 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Ozcelik T, Porteus MH, Rubenstein JL, Francke U (Sep 1992). "DLX2 (TES1), a homeobox gene of the Distal-less family, assigned to conserved regions on human and mouse chromosomes 2". Genomics. 13 (4): 1157–61. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90031-M. PMID   1354641.
6. "Entrez Gene: DLX2 distal-less homeobox 2".
7. Zhang, H; Hu G; Wang H; Sciavolino P; Iler N; Shen M M; Abate-Shen C (May 1997). "Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (5). UNITED STATES: 2920–32. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.5.2920. ISSN   0270-7306. PMC   232144 . PMID   9111364.

Further reading

• Harris SE, Guo D, Harris MA, et al. (2003). "Transcriptional regulation of BMP-2 activated genes in osteoblasts using gene expression microarray analysis: role of Dlx2 and Dlx5 transcription factors". Front. Biosci. 8 (6): s1249–65. doi: 10.2741/1170 . PMID   12957859.
• Qiu M, Bulfone A, Martinez S, et al. (1995). "Null mutation of Dlx-2 results in abnormal morphogenesis of proximal first and second branchial arch derivatives and abnormal differentiation in the forebrain". Genes Dev. 9 (20): 2523–38. doi: 10.1101/gad.9.20.2523 . PMID   7590232.
• Selski DJ, Thomas NE, Coleman PD, Rogers KE (1993). "The human brain homeogene, DLX-2: cDNA sequence and alignment with the murine homologue". Gene. 132 (2): 301–3. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90212-L . PMID   7901126.
• Simeone A, Acampora D, Pannese M, et al. (1994). "Cloning and characterization of two members of the vertebrate Dlx gene family". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (6): 2250–4. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.2250S. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.6.2250 . PMC   43348 . PMID   7907794.
• McGuinness T, Porteus MH, Smiga S, et al. (1996). "Sequence, organization, and transcription of the Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 locus". Genomics. 35 (3): 473–85. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0387. PMID   8812481.
• Zhang H, Hu G, Wang H, et al. (1997). "Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (5): 2920–32. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.5.2920. PMC   232144 . PMID   9111364.
• Yu G, Zerucha T, Ekker M, Rubenstein JL (2002). "Evidence that GRIP, a PDZ-domain protein which is expressed in the embryonic forebrain, co-activates transcription with DLX homeodomain proteins". Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 130 (2): 217–30. doi:10.1016/S0165-3806(01)00239-5. PMID   11675124.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC   528928 . PMID   15489334.
• Espinoza HM, Ganga M, Vadlamudi U, et al. (2005). "Protein kinase C phosphorylation modulates N- and C-terminal regulatory activities of the PITX2 homeodomain protein". Biochemistry. 44 (10): 3942–54. doi:10.1021/bi048362x. PMID   15751970.