Transcription factor II F

Last updated
general transcription factor IIF, polypeptide 1, 74kDa
Identifiers
Symbol GTF2F1
Alt. symbolsTFIIF, BTF4, RAP74
NCBI gene 2962
HGNC 4652
OMIM 189968
RefSeq NM_002096
UniProt P35269
Other data
Locus Chr. 19 p13.3
Search for
Structures Swiss-model
Domains InterPro
general transcription factor IIF, polypeptide 2, 30kDa
Identifiers
Symbol GTF2F2
Alt. symbolsTFIIF, BTF4, RAP30
NCBI gene 2963
HGNC 4653
OMIM 189969
RefSeq NM_004128
UniProt P13984
Other data
Locus Chr. 13 q14
Search for
Structures Swiss-model
Domains InterPro
general transcription factor IIF, polypeptide 2-like
Identifiers
SymbolGTF2F2L
Alt. symbolsTFIIF
NCBI gene 2964
HGNC 4654
RefSeq NG_003013
Other data
Locus Chr. 4 q31.22

Transcription factor II F (TFIIF) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

TFIIF is encoded by the GTF2F1 , GTF2F2 , and GTF2F2L genes. [4] [5] [6]

TFIIF binds to RNA polymerase II when the enzyme is already unbound to any other transcription factor, thus preventing it from contacting DNA outside the promoter. Furthermore, TFIIF stabilizes the RNA polymerase II while it's contacting TBP and TFIIB.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transcription preinitiation complex</span> Complex of proteins necessary for gene transcription in eukaryotes and archaea

The preinitiation complex is a complex of approximately 100 proteins that is necessary for the transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes and archaea. The preinitiation complex positions RNA polymerase II at gene transcription start sites, denatures the DNA, and positions the DNA in the RNA polymerase II active site for transcription.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RNA polymerase II</span> Protein complex that transcribes DNA

RNA polymerase II is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA. It is one of the three RNAP enzymes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. A 550 kDa complex of 12 subunits, RNAP II is the most studied type of RNA polymerase. A wide range of transcription factors are required for it to bind to upstream gene promoters and begin transcription.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General transcription factor</span> Class of protein transcription factors

General transcription factors (GTFs), also known as basal transcriptional factors, are a class of protein transcription factors that bind to specific sites (promoter) on DNA to activate transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. GTFs, RNA polymerase, and the mediator constitute the basic transcriptional apparatus that first bind to the promoter, then start transcription. GTFs are also intimately involved in the process of gene regulation, and most are required for life.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TATA-binding protein</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a general transcription factor that binds to a DNA sequence called the TATA box. This DNA sequence is found about 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site in some eukaryotic gene promoters.

Transcription factor II D (TFIID) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters of protein-coding genes in living cells. It consists of RNA polymerase II, a subset of general transcription factors, and regulatory proteins known as SRB proteins. Before the start of transcription, the transcription Factor II D (TFIID) complex binds to the core promoter DNA of the gene through specific recognition of promoter sequence motifs, including the TATA box, Initiator, Downstream Promoter, Motif Ten, or Downstream Regulatory elements.

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Transcription factor TFIIA is a nuclear protein involved in the RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription of DNA. TFIIA is one of several general (basal) transcription factors (GTFs) that are required for all transcription events that use RNA polymerase II. Other GTFs include TFIID, a complex composed of the TATA binding protein TBP and TBP-associated factors (TAFs), as well as the factors TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH. Together, these factors are responsible for promoter recognition and the formation of a transcription preinitiation complex (PIC) capable of initiating RNA synthesis from a DNA template.

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Transcription factor II B (TFIIB) is a general transcription factor that is involved in the formation of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) and aids in stimulating transcription initiation. TFIIB is localised to the nucleus and provides a platform for PIC formation by binding and stabilising the DNA-TBP complex and by recruiting RNA polymerase II and other transcription factors. It is encoded by the TFIIB gene, and is homologous to archaeal transcription factor B and analogous to bacterial sigma factors.

Transcription factor II E (TFIIE) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. It is a tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains and interacts with TAF6/TAFII80, ATF7IP, and varicella-zoster virus IE63 protein.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GTF2H4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

General transcription factor IIH subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2H4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TCEA1</span> Human protein-coding gene

Transcription elongation factor A protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCEA1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CTDP1</span>

RNA polymerase II subunit A C-terminal domain phosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CTDP1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GTF2H2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

General transcription factor IIH subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2H2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GTF2F1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

General transcription factor IIF subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2F1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GTF2F2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

General transcription factor IIF subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2F2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">POLRMT</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLRMT gene.

RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters of protein-coding genes in living cells. It consists of RNA polymerase II, a subset of general transcription factors, and regulatory proteins known as SRB proteins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">B recognition element</span>

The B recognition element (BRE) is a DNA sequence found in the promoter region of most genes in eukaryotes and Archaea. The BRE is a cis-regulatory element that is found immediately near TATA box, and consists of 7 nucleotides. There are two sets of BREs: one (BREu) found immediately upstream of the TATA box, with the consensus SSRCGCC; the other (BREd) found around 7 nucleotides downstream, with the consensus RTDKKKK.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Archaeal transcription factor B</span> Protein family

Archaeal transcription factor B is a protein family of extrinsic transcription factors that guide the initiation of RNA transcription in organisms that fall under the domain of Archaea. It is homologous to eukaryotic TFIIB and, more distantly, to bacterial sigma factor. Like these proteins, it is involved in forming transcription preinitiation complexes. Its structure includes several conserved motifs which interact with DNA and other transcription factors, notably the single type of RNA polymerase that performs transcription in Archaea.

References

  1. Lewin, Benjamin (2004). Genes VIII. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 636–637. ISBN   0-13-144946-X.
  2. Lee TI, Young RA (2000). "Transcription of eukaryotic protein-coding genes". Annu. Rev. Genet. 34: 77–137. doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.34.1.77. PMID   11092823.
  3. Kim TK, Lagrange T, Wang YH, Griffith JD, Reinberg D, Ebright RH (1997). "Trajectory of DNA in the RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94 (23): 12268–73. Bibcode:1997PNAS...9412268K. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.23.12268 . PMC   24903 . PMID   9356438.
  4. Finkelstein A, Kostrub CF, Li J, Chavez DP, Wang BQ, Fang SM, Greenblatt J, Burton ZF (1992). "A cDNA encoding RAP74, a general initiation factor for transcription by RNA polymerase II". Nature. 355 (6359): 464–7. Bibcode:1992Natur.355..464F. doi:10.1038/355464a0. PMID   1734284. S2CID   1241044.
  5. Heng HH, Xiao H, Shi XM, Greenblatt J, Tsui LC (1994). "Genes encoding general initiation factors for RNA polymerase II transcription are dispersed in the human genome". Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (1): 61–4. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.1.61. PMID   8162052.
  6. Purrello M, Di Pietro C, Rapisarda A, Mirabile E, Motta S, Sichel G, Grzeschik KH (1995). "Genetic characterization of general transcription factors TFIIF and TFIIB of Homo sapiens sapiens". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 69 (1–2): 75–80. doi:10.1159/000133942. PMID   7835093.