NK3 homeobox 2 also known as NKX3-2 is a human gene. It is a homolog of bagpipe (bap) in Drosophila and therefore also known as Bapx1 (bagpipe homeobox homolog 1). The protein encoded by this gene is a homeodomain containing transcription factor. [5]
NKX3-2 plays a role in the development of the axial and limb skeleton. [6] Mutations disrupting the function of this gene are associated with spondylo-megaepiphyseal-metaphyseal dysplasia (SMMD). [7] Nkx3-2 in mice also regulates patterning in the middle ear. [8] Two small bones in the middle ear, the malleus and incus, are homologous to the articular and quadrate, the bones of the proximal jaw joint in fish and other non-mammalian jawed vertebrates. NKX3-2 expression is required to pattern the articulated joint between these jaw bones, as knockdowns or knockouts of this gene result in the loss of the jaw joint in zebrafish, [9] chicken, [10] and amphibians. [11] Overexpression of this gene results in the development of ectopic mandibular cartilages in zebrafish [12] and amphibians. [13]
Chondrogenesis is the process by which cartilage is developed.
Growth/differentiation factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF5 gene.
Growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF6 gene.
Homeobox protein Nkx-3.1, also known as NKX3-1, NKX3, BAPX2, NKX3A and NKX3.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKX3-1 gene located on chromosome 8p. NKX3-1 is a prostatic tumor suppressor gene.
Collagen alpha-1(X) chain is a protein that in humans is a member of the collagen family encoded by the COL10A1 gene.
Homeobox protein engrailed-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EN2 gene. It is a member of the engrailed gene family.
Homeobox protein Hox-D13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD13 gene. This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms.
Homeobox protein SIX3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIX3 gene.
Homeobox protein Hox-D11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD11 gene.
Paired related homeobox 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRRX1 gene.
Homeobox protein Hox-D12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD12 gene.
Nodal homolog is a secretory protein that in humans is encoded by the NODAL gene which is located on chromosome 10q22.1. It belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. Like many other members of this superfamily it is involved in cell differentiation in early embryogenesis, playing a key role in signal transfer from the primitive node, in the anterior primitive streak, to lateral plate mesoderm (LPM).
Homeobox protein engrailed-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EN1 gene.
Homeobox protein Nkx-2.3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKX2-3 gene.
Homeobox protein goosecoid(GSC) is a homeobox protein that is encoded in humans by the GSC gene. Like other homeobox proteins, goosecoid functions as a transcription factor involved in morphogenesis. In Xenopus, GSC is thought to play a crucial role in the phenomenon of the Spemann-Mangold organizer. Through lineage tracing and timelapse microscopy, the effects of GSC on neighboring cell fates could be observed. In an experiment that injected cells with GSC and observed the effects of uninjected cells, GSC recruited neighboring uninjected cells in the dorsal blastopore lip of the Xenopus gastrula to form a twinned dorsal axis, suggesting that the goosecoid protein plays a role in the regulation and migration of cells during gastrulation.
Homeobox protein GBX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GBX2 gene.
Homeobox protein SIX2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIX2 gene.
Ventral anterior homeobox 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAX1 gene.
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-3, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX3 gene.
NK3 homeobox 3, also known as NKX3-3, zax, bagpipe homeobox or zampogna is a paralogous gene of NKX3-2. It is named after the italian instrument called zampogna. NKX3-3 is not present in the human genome.
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