A zinc finger is a small protein structural motif that is characterized by the coordination of one or more zinc ions (Zn2+) which stabilizes the fold. It was originally coined to describe the finger-like appearance of a hypothesized structure from the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) transcription factor IIIA. However, it has been found to encompass a wide variety of differing protein structures in eukaryotic cells. Xenopus laevis TFIIIA was originally demonstrated to contain zinc and require the metal for function in 1983, the first such reported zinc requirement for a gene regulatory protein followed soon thereafter by the Krüppel factor in Drosophila. It often appears as a metal-binding domain in multi-domain proteins.
Robert G. Roeder is an American biochemist. He is known as a pioneer scientist in eukaryotic transcription. He discovered three distinct nuclear RNA polymerases in 1969 and characterized many proteins involved in the regulation of transcription, including basic transcription factors and the first mammalian gene-specific activator over five decades of research. He is the recipient of the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 2000, the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 2003, and the Kyoto Prize in 2021. He currently serves as Arnold and Mabel Beckman Professor and Head of the Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Biology at The Rockefeller University.
The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a general transcription factor that binds to a DNA sequence called the TATA box. This DNA sequence is found about 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site in some eukaryotic gene promoters.
The 5S ribosomal RNA is an approximately 120 nucleotide-long ribosomal RNA molecule with a mass of 40 kDa. It is a structural and functional component of the large subunit of the ribosome in all domains of life, with the exception of mitochondrial ribosomes of fungi and animals. The designation 5S refers to the molecule's sedimentation coefficient in an ultracentrifuge, which is measured in Svedberg units (S).
Nucleophosmin (NPM), also known as nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 or numatrin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPM1 gene.
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POU2F1 gene.
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFYB gene.
Elongation factor 1-alpha 1 (eEF1a1) is a translation elongation protein, expressed across eukaryotes. In humans, it is encoded by the EEF1A1 gene.
DNA polymerase beta, also known as POLB, is an enzyme present in eukaryotes. In humans, it is encoded by the POLB gene.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IBP-1) also known as placental protein 12 (PP12) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP1 gene.
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5 also known as DEAD box protein 5 or RNA helicase p68 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX5 gene.
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF2BP1 gene.
Alpha-globin transcription factor CP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFCP2 gene.
Transcription factor IIIB 90 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRF1 gene.
General transcription factor 3C polypeptide 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF3C2 gene.
General transcription factor 3C polypeptide 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF3C1 gene.
Transcription factor 7 is the gene that in humans encodes for the TCF1 protein.
Mitochondrial transcription termination factor 1, also known as MTERF1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the MTERF gene.
General transcription factor IIF subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2F1 gene.
General transcription factor IIF subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2F2 gene.
