HOXA5

Last updated
HOXA5
Protein HOXA5 PDB 1hom.png
Identifiers
Aliases HOXA5 , HOX1, HOX1.3, HOX1C, homeobox A5
External IDs OMIM: 142952 MGI: 96177 HomoloGene: 40726 GeneCards: HOXA5
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_019102

NM_010453

RefSeq (protein)

NP_061975

NP_034583

Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 27.14 – 27.14 Mb Chr 6: 52.18 – 52.18 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Homeobox protein Hox-A5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA5 gene. [5] [6] [7]

Contents

Function

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. Methylation of this gene may result in the loss of its expression and, since the encoded protein upregulates the tumor suppressor p53, this protein may play an important role in tumorigenesis. [7]

HoxA5 is controlled, at least in part, by DNA methylation. [8] HoxA5 has been shown to upregulate the tumor suppressor p53 and AKT1 by downregulation of PTEN. [9] Suppression of HoxA5 has been shown to attenuate hemangioma growth. [10] HoxA5 has far-reaching effects on gene expression, causing ~300 genes to become upregulated upon its induction in breast cancer cell lines. [11] HoxA5 protein transduction domain overexpression prevents inflammation shown by inhibition of TNFα-inducible monocyte binding to HUVECs. [12] [13]

Comparison of the HoxA5 promoter methylation profile across cell types from the least differentiated (human embryonic stem cells) to the most endothelial-like (human umbilical vein endothelial cells, or HUVECs) shows that the HoxA5 promoter is normally heavily methylated in non-differentiated cells and becomes demethylated as cells differentiate down the endothelial lineage. [14] HoxA5 contains a C-Amp Response Elements (CRE) in its promoter. [8] POL2 and CTCF binding are enriched at the CpG-dense HoxA5 promoter in HUVECs, demonstrating transcriptional activity. [14]

Clinical significance

HoxA5 is suppressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the DNMT inhibitor decitabine (5Aza) is used to treat this disease. While HoxA5 is known to be hypermethylated in AML, it has not yet been shown whether decitabine directly targets these genes for demethylation. [15] [16] HOXA5 has also been nominated as an oncogene in glioblastoma. [17]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Homeobox</span> DNA pattern affecting anatomy development

A homeobox is a DNA sequence, around 180 base pairs long, that regulates large-scale anatomical features in the early stages of embryonic development. Mutations in a homeobox may change large-scale anatomical features of the full-grown organism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CDX2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein CDX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDX2 gene. The CDX2 protein is a homeobox transcription factor expressed in the nuclei of intestinal epithelial cells, playing an essential role in the development and function of the digestive system. CDX2 part of the ParaHox gene cluster, a group of three highly conserved developmental genes present in most vertebrate species. Together with CDX1 and CDX4, CDX2 is one of three caudal-related genes in the human genome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXA9</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Homeobox protein Hox-A9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA9 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Homeobox A10</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Homeobox protein Hox-A10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA10 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXB6</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-B6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB6 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXD10</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Homeobox D10, also known as HOXD10, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HOXD10 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HHEX</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HHEX gene and also known as Proline Rich Homeodomain protein PRH.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXB5</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Homeobox protein Hox-B5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB5 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXB4</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Homeobox protein Hox-B4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXA7</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-A7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA7 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXA13</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-A13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA13 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXB2</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Homeobox protein Hox-B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXB9</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Homeobox protein Hox-B9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB9 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXB3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXA4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox A4, also known as HOXA4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HOXA4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXA3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-A3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXB8</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-B8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB8 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXD1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXC11</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-C11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC11 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXA6</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-A6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA6 gene.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000106004 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038253 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. McAlpine PJ, Shows TB (Jul 1990). "Nomenclature for human homeobox genes". Genomics. 7 (3): 460. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90186-X. PMID   1973146.
  6. Scott MP (Nov 1992). "Vertebrate homeobox gene nomenclature". Cell. 71 (4): 551–3. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90588-4. PMID   1358459. S2CID   13370372.
  7. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: HOXA5 homeobox A5".
  8. 1 2 Dunn J, Thabet S, Jo H (Jul 2015). "Flow-Dependent Epigenetic DNA Methylation in Endothelial Gene Expression and Atherosclerosis". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 35 (7): 1562–9. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.305042. PMC   4754957 . PMID   25953647.
  9. Arderiu G, Cuevas I, Chen A, Carrio M, East L, Boudreau NJ (2007). "HoxA5 stabilizes adherens junctions via increased Akt1". Cell Adhesion & Migration. 1 (4): 185–95. doi:10.4161/cam.1.4.5448. PMC   2634105 . PMID   19262140.
  10. Zhu Y, Cuevas IC, Gabriel RA, Su H, Nishimura S, Gao P, Fields A, Hao Q, Young WL, Yang GY, Boudreau NJ (Jun 2009). "Restoring transcription factor HoxA5 expression inhibits the growth of experimental hemangiomas in the brain". Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 68 (6): 626–32. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181a491ce. PMC   2728585 . PMID   19458547.
  11. Chen H, Rubin E, Zhang H, Chung S, Jie CC, Garrett E, Biswal S, Sukumar S (May 2005). "Identification of transcriptional targets of HOXA5". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (19): 19373–80. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M413528200 . PMID   15757903.
  12. Lee JY, Park KS, Cho EJ, Joo HK, Lee SK, Lee SD, Park JB, Chang SJ, Jeon BH (Jul 2011). "Human HOXA5 homeodomain enhances protein transduction and its application to vascular inflammation". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 410 (2): 312–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.139. PMID   21664342.
  13. Chen Y, Gorski DH (Feb 2008). "Regulation of angiogenesis through a microRNA (miR-130a) that down-regulates antiangiogenic homeobox genes GAX and HOXA5". Blood. 111 (3): 1217–26. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-07-104133. PMC   2214763 . PMID   17957028.
  14. 1 2 Dunn J, Simmons R, Thabet S, Jo H (Oct 2015). "The role of epigenetics in the endothelial cell shear stress response and atherosclerosis". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 67: 167–76. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2015.05.001. PMC   4592147 . PMID   25979369.
  15. Strathdee G, Sim A, Soutar R, Holyoake TL, Brown R (Feb 2007). "HOXA5 is targeted by cell-type-specific CpG island methylation in normal cells and during the development of acute myeloid leukaemia". Carcinogenesis. 28 (2): 299–309. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgl133 . PMID   16861263.
  16. Kim SY, Hwang SH, Song EJ, Shin HJ, Jung JS, Lee EY (Oct 2010). "Level of HOXA5 hypermethylation in acute myeloid leukemia is associated with short-term outcome". The Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 30 (5): 469–73. doi: 10.3343/kjlm.2010.30.5.469 . PMID   20890077.
  17. Cimino PJ, Kim Y, Wu HJ, Alexander J, Wirsching HG, Szulzewsky F, Pitter K, Ozawa T, Wang J, Vazquez J, Arora S, Rabadan R, Levine R, Michor F, Holland EC (2018). "Increased HOXA5 expression provides a selective advantage for gain of whole chromosome 7 in IDH wild-type glioblastoma". Genes & Development. 32 (7–8): 512–523. doi: 10.1101/gad.312157.118 . PMC   5959235 . PMID   29632085.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.