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Patched (Ptc) is a conserved 12-pass transmembrane protein receptor that plays an obligate negative regulatory role in the Hedgehog signaling pathway in insects and vertebrates. Patched is an essential gene in embryogenesis for proper segmentation in the fly embryo, mutations in which may be embryonic lethal. Patched functions as the receptor for the Hedgehog protein and controls its spatial distribution, in part via endocytosis of bound Hedgehog protein, which is then targeted for lysosomal degradation.
The Hippo signaling pathway, also known as the Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) pathway, is a signaling pathway that controls organ size in animals through the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The pathway takes its name from one of its key signaling components—the protein kinase Hippo (Hpo). Mutations in this gene lead to tissue overgrowth, or a "hippopotamus"-like phenotype.
References
- ↑ Von Ohlen T, Lessing D, Nusse R, Hooper JE (March 1997). "Hedgehog signaling regulates transcription through cubitus interruptus, a sequence-specific DNA binding protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (6): 2404–9. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.2404V. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.6.2404 . PMC 20100 . PMID 9122207.
- ↑ Cohen MM (November 2003). "The hedgehog signaling network". Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 123 (1): 5–28. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.20495. PMID 14556242. S2CID 31906029.
- ↑ Jiang J (September 2002). "Degrading Ci: who is Cul-pable?". Genes Dev. 16 (18): 2315–21. doi: 10.1101/gad.1027902 . PMID 12231619.
- ↑ Zhang, Zhao; Lv, Xiangdong; Yin, Wen-chi; Zhang, Xiaoyun; Feng, Jing; Wu, Wenqing; Hui, Chi-chung; Zhang, Lei; Zhao, Yun (2013-06-24). "Ter94 ATPase complex targets k11-linked ubiquitinated ci to proteasomes for partial degradation". Developmental Cell. 25 (6): 636–644. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.05.006 . ISSN 1878-1551. PMID 23747190.
- ↑ Hepker J, Wang QT, Motzny CK, Holmgren R, Orenic TV (January 1997). "Drosophila cubitus interruptus forms a negative feedback loop with patched and regulates expression of Hedgehog target genes". Development. 124 (2): 549–58. doi:10.1242/dev.124.2.549. PMID 9053330.