Index of language articles

Last updated

This is a partial index of Wikipedia articles treating natural languages, arranged alphabetically and with families mentioned. The list also includes extinct languages.

Contents

For a published list of languages, see ISO 639-1 (list of ISO 639 language codes for 136 major languages), or for a more inclusive list, see ISO 639-3 (list of ISO 639-3 codes, 7,874 in total as of June 2013). The enumeration of languages and dialects can easily be taken into the five-digit range; the Linguasphere Observatory has a database (LS-2010) with more than 32,800 coded entries and more than 70,900 linguistic names.

List

Languages world map.png
Languages with at least 50 million first-language speakers, millions (according to: Ethnologue ) Languages with at least 50 million first-language speakers.png
Languages with at least 50 million first-language speakers, millions (according to: Ethnologue )
   Amerind languages (various families)
   Australian Aboriginal languages (various families)
   Languages of the Caucasus (various families)
   Khoisan languages (various families)
   Nilo-Saharan languages (possibly various families)
   Paleosiberian languages (various families)
   Papuan languages (various families)
LanguageGroup

A

Aari Afroasiatic
AB language Indo-European
Abau Sepik
Abaza Northwest Caucasian
Abenaki Algic
Abkhaz or Abkhazian Northwest Caucasian
Abujmaria or Madiya or Maria Dravidian
Acehnese Austronesian
Adamorobe Sign Language Language isolate
Adele Niger-Congo
Adyghe or West Circassian Northwest Caucasian
Afar Afroasiatic
Afrikaans Indo-European
Afro-Seminole Creole English-based creole
Aguaruna Chicham
Ahom Kra–Dai
Aimaq or Barbari Indo-European
Ainu, Hokkaido Ainu
Ainu, Kuril Ainu
Ainu, Sakhalin Ainu
Ajawa Afroasiatic
Ajem-Turkic or Ajami Turkic Turkic
Aka-Bea Great Andamanese
Aka-Bo Great Andamanese
Aka-Cari Great Andamanese
Aka-Jeru Great Andamanese
Aka-Kede Great Andamanese
Aka-Kol Great Andamanese
Aka-Kora Great Andamanese
Akan Niger-Congo
Akar-Bale Great Andamanese
Akateko Mayan
Akawaio Cariban
Akkadian Afroasiatic
Aklanon Bisayan
Alabama Muskogean
Alanic Indo-European
Albanian Indo-European
Albanian, Arbëresh Indo-European
Albanian, Arvanitika or Arvanitic Indo-European
Albanian, Gheg Indo-European
Albanian, Tosk Indo-European
Alchuka Tungusic
Aleut Eskimo–Aleut
Aleut, Mednyj Russian and Aleut-based mixed language
Algonquin Algic
Alsatian Indo-European
Altay Turkic
Alyutor or Alutor Chukotko-Kamchatkan
Alzenau German Indo-European
Amdang Nilo-Saharan
American Sign Language Francosign
Amharic Afroasiatic
Ammonite Afroasiatic
Amorite Afroasiatic
Amuzgo Oto-Manguean
Angami Naga Sign Language Language isolate
Angika Indo-European
Anyin Niger-Congo
Ao Sino-Tibetan
Aquitanian Basque
Arabic Afroasiatic
Arabic, Algerian Afroasiatic
Arabic, Algerian Saharan Afroasiatic
Arabic, Anatolian Afroasiatic
Arabic, Andalusian or Andalusi Arabic Afroasiatic
Arabic, Bahrani Afroasiatic
Arabic, Bareqi Afroasiatic
Arabic, Bimbashi or Mongallese Afroasiatic
Arabic, Central Asian Afroasiatic
Arabic, Chadian Afroasiatic
Arabic, Classical Afroasiatic
Arabic, Cypriot Afroasiatic
Arabic, Dhofari Afroasiatic
Arabic, Egyptian Afroasiatic
Arabic, Gilit Afroasiatic
Arabic, Gulf Afroasiatic
Arabic, Hadhrami Afroasiatic
Arabic, Hassaniya Afroasiatic
Arabic, Hejazi Afroasiatic
Arabic, Jebli Afroasiatic
Arabic, Jijel Afroasiatic
Arabic, Juba or South Sudanese Arabic Afroasiatic
Arabic, Judeo-Iraqi or Yahudic Afroasiatic
Arabic, Judeo-Moroccan Afroasiatic
Arabic, Judeo-Tripolitanian Afroasiatic
Arabic, Judeo-Yemeni Afroasiatic
Arabic, Khuzestani Afroasiatic
Arabic, Levantine Afroasiatic
Arabic, Libyan Afroasiatic
Arabic, Maridi Afroasiatic
Arabic, Modern Standard Afroasiatic
Arabic, Moroccan Afroasiatic
Arabic, Nabataean Afroasiatic
Arabic, Najdi Afroasiatic
Arabic, Qeltu or North Mesopotamian Arabic Afroasiatic
Arabic, Northwest Arabian, Levantine Bedawi Arabic, or Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic Afroasiatic
Arabic, Nubi or Ki-Nubi Afroasiatic
Arabic, Omani Afroasiatic
Arabic, Sanʽani Afroasiatic
Arabic, Saʽidi Afroasiatic
Arabic, Shihhi Afroasiatic
Arabic, Shirvani Afroasiatic
Arabic, Sicilian or Siculo-Arabic Afroasiatic
Arabic, Sudanese Afroasiatic
Arabic, Taʽizzi-Adeni or Southern Yemeni Arabic Afroasiatic
Arabic, Tihamiyya Afroasiatic
Arabic, Tunisian Afroasiatic
Aragonese Indo-European
Aramaic Afroasiatic
Are Austronesian
ꞋAreꞌare Austronesian
Argobba Afroasiatic
Arin Yeniseian
Aromanian Indo-European
Armazic Afroasiatic
Armenian Indo-European
Armenian, Eastern Indo-European
Armenian, Homshetsi Indo-European
Armenian, Western Indo-European
Armenian, Zok or Agulis Indo-European
Armenian Sign Language Language isolate
Aro Afroasiatic
Asa Afroasiatic
Ashkun Indo-European
Assamese Indo-European
Ateso or Teso Nilotic
Asháninka Arawakan
Ashokan Prakrit Indo-European
Asi Austronesian
Asturian Indo-European
Asturleonese Indo-European
Atong Language Sino-Tibetan
Auslan BANZSL
Avar Northeast Caucasian
Avestan Indo-European
Awadhi Indo-European
Aymara Aymaran
Äynu Turkic
Ayoreo Zamucoan
Azerbaijani or Azeri Turkic

B

Babuza Austronesian
Bactrian Indo-European
Badaga Dravidian
Badeshi Indo-European
Baekje Unclassified language, perhaps Koreanic, Puyŏ, and/or Han
Bahnar Austroasiatic
Bailang Sino-Tibetan
Bakor Niger-Congo
Bala Tungusic
Balinese Austronesian
Balkan Gagauz or Rumelian Turkish Turkic
Balochi Indo-European
Balti Sino-Tibetan
Bambara or Bamanankan Niger-Congo
Banjar Austronesian
Banyumasan Austronesian
Barranquenho or Barranquenhu Alentejan Portuguese, Extremaduran Spanish, and Andalusian Spanish-based mixed language
Bartangi Indo-European
Basaa Niger-Congo
Basay Austronesian
Bashkardi Indo-European
Bashkir Turkic
Basque or Euskara/Euskera Language isolate
Batak Karo Austronesian
Batak Toba Austronesian
Bats North Caucasian
Bavarian Indo-European
Bawean and Bawean Creole Austronesian
Beja Afroasiatic
Belarusian Indo-European
Belhare Sino-Tibetan
Berta Nilo-Saharan
Bemba Niger-Congo
Bengali Indo-European
Bezhta Northeast Caucasian
Berber Afroasiatic
Betawi Austronesian
Bete Niger–Congo
Bété Niger–Congo
Bhili Indo-European
Bhojpuri Indo-European
Bijil Neo-Aramaic Afroasiatic
Bikol Austronesian
Bikya or Furu Niger-Congou
Bissa Niger-Congo
Blackfoot Algic
Bodo Sino-Tibetan
Boholano Austronesian
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic Afroasiatic
Bonan or Paoan Mongolic
Bororo Bororoan
Bosnian Indo-European
Brahui Dravidian
Breton Indo-European
British Sign Language BANZSL
Bru Austroasiatic
Bua Niger–Congo
Buginese Austronesian
Bukusu Niger-Congo
Bulgar Turkic
Bulgarian Indo-European
Bulgarian, Banat Indo-European
Bunjevac Indo-European
Burmese Sino-Tibetan
Burushaski Language isolate
Buryat Mongolic
Buyeo Puyŏ

C

Caluyanon or Caluyanun Austronesian
Cameroonian Pidgin English English-based creole
Camfranglais Cameroonian French, Cameroonian English, and Cameroonian Pidgin English-based mixed language
Canaano-Akkadian Akkadian and Canaanite-based mixed language
Cape Verdean Creole or Kabuverdianu Portuguese-based creole
Carrier or Dakelh Na-Dene
Catalan Indo-European
Catalan Sign Language Catalan Sign
Caucasian Sign Language Language isolate
Cavineña Tacanan
Cayuga Iroquoian
Cebuano Austronesian
Chabacano or Chavacano Spanish-based creole
Chaga or Kichagga Niger-Congo
Chagatai Turkic
Chakavian Indo-European
Chakma Indo-European
Cham Austronesian
Chamorro or Chamoru Austronesian
Chaouia or Tachawit Afroasiatic
Chatino Oto-Manguean
Chechen Northeast Caucasian
Chenchu Dravidian
Chenoua Afroasiatic
Cherokee Iroquoian
Cheyenne Algic
Chhattisgarhi Indo-European
Chichimeca Jonaz Oto-Manguean
Chickasaw Muskogean
Chintang or Chhintang Kiranti
Chilcotin or Tsilhqot'in Na-Dene
Chinantec Oto-Manguean
Chinese Kyakala Tungusic
Chinese Sino-Tibetan
Chinese, Ba–Shu Sino-Tibetan
Chinese, Cantonese Sino-Tibetan
Chinese, Gan Sino-Tibetan
Chinese, Hakka Sino-Tibetan
Chinese, Mandarin Sino-Tibetan
Chinese, Taz Sino-Tibetan
Chinese, Waxiang Sino-Tibetan
Chinese, Wenzhounese Sino-Tibetan
Chinese, Wu Sino-Tibetan
Chinese, Xiang Sino-Tibetan
Chinese, Yue Sino-Tibetan
Chiricahua or Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache Na-Dene
Chichewa or Nyanja Niger-Congo
Chimané or Tsimané or Mosetén Language isolate
Chipaya Uru-Chipaya
Chipewyan Na-Dene
Chiquimulilla Xincan
Chiquitano Language isolate
Chittagonian Indo-European
Chocho or Chocholtec Oto-Manguean
Choctaw Muskogean
Ch'ol Mayan
Chontal de Oaxaca Tequistlatecan
Chontal de Tabasco Mayan
Chorasmian or Khwarezmian Indo-European
Christian Palestinian Aramaic Afroasiatic
Chuj Mayan
Chukchi or Chukot Chukotko-Kamchatkan
Chulym Turkic
Church Slavonic Indo-European
Chuukese or Trukese Austronesian
Chuvan Yukaghir
Chuvash Turkic
Cochin Portuguese Creole or Vypin Indo-Portuguese Portuguese-based creole language
Cocoma or Cocama Tupian
Cocopah Yuman-Cochimí
Coeur d’Alene Salishan
Comanche Uto-Aztecan
Comorian Niger-Congo
Coptic Afroasiatic
Cora Uto-Aztecan
Cornish Indo-European
Corsican Indo-European
Cree Algic
Cree, East or James Bay Cree Algic
Cree, Moose Algic
Cree, Plains Algic
Cree, Swampy Algic
Cree, Woods or Woodland Cree Algic
Crimean Tatar or Crimean Turkish Turkic
Croatian Indo-European
Croatian, Burgenland Indo-European
Cuicatec Oto-Manguean
Cuyonon Austronesian
Czech Indo-European

D

Dadanitic Afroasiatic
Dagaare Niger-Congo
Dagbani Niger-Congo
Dahlik Afroasiatic
Dalecarlian Indo-European
Dalmatian Indo-European
Dameli Indo-European
Danish Indo-European
Dargin Northeast Caucasian
Dari or Dari Persian Indo-European
Daur or Dagur Mongolic
Daylami Indo-European
Dena'ina or Tanaina Na-Dene
Dhatki Indo-European
Dhivehi or Maldivian Indo-European
Dicamay Agta Austronesian
Dida Niger-Congo
Dioula or Jula Niger-Congo
Dogri Indo-European
Dogrib or Tli Cho Na-Dene
Dolgan Turkic
Domaaki or Dumaki Indo-European
Dongxiang or Santa Mongolic
Duala Niger-Congo
Dungan Sino-Tibetan
Dura Greater Magaric
Dutch Indo-European
Dzhidi or Judeo-Persian Indo-European
Dzongkha Sino-Tibetan

E

Eblaite Afroasiatic
Edomite Afroasiatic
Egyptian Afroasiatic
Ekoti Niger-Congo
Elamite Afroasiatic
Enets or Yenisey Samoyed Samoyedic
English Indo-European
English, Euro Indo-European
English, International Indo-European
English, Northern Indo-European
English, Northumbrian Indo-European
Erzya Uralic
Estonian Uralic
Even Tungusic
Evenk or Evenki Tungusic
Ewe Niger-Congo
Extremaduran Indo-European

F

Faetar or Faetar–Cigliàje Indo-European
Faifi Afroasiatic
Faliscan Indo-European
Fang Niger-Congo
Faroese Indo-European
Favorlang Austronesian
Fijian Austronesian
Filipino Austronesian
Finland-Swedish Sign Language Swedish Sign
Finnish Uralic
Finnish Sign Language Swedish Sign
Flemish Indo-European
Flemish, East Indo-European
Flemish, French Indo-European
Flemish, West Indo-European
Foodo Niger-Congo
Fon Niger-Congo
Franco-Provençal or Arpitan Indo-European
French Indo-European
French Sign Language Francosign
Frisian, East Indo-European
Frisian, Hindeloopen Indo-European
Frisian, North Indo-European
Frisian, Saterland Indo-European
Frisian, Schiermonnikoog Indo-European
Frisian, Terschelling Indo-European
Frisian, West or Mainland West Frisian Indo-European
Friulian Indo-European
Fula, Fulfulde, or Fulani Niger-Congo
Fur Nilo-Saharan
Futunan Austronesian
Futuna-Aniwa Austronesian

G

Ga Niger-Congo
Gadaba Dravidian
Gagauz Turkic
Galatian Indo-European
Galician Indo-European
Galindian Indo-European
Ganda Niger-Congo
Gangte Sino-Tibetan
Gardiol Indo-European
Garhwali Indo-European
Gawar-Bati or Gowari or Narsati Indo-European
Gaya Unclassified language
Gayo Austronesian
Ge'ez Afroasiatic
Gelao Kra–Dai
Gen or Gẽ or Mina Niger-Congo
Georgian South Caucasian
German Indo-European
German Sign Language DGSic
Gikuyu or Kikuyu Niger-Congo
Gilbertese or Kiribati Austronesian
Gilaki Indo-European
Gitxsan Tsimshianic
Goaria Indo-European
Goguryeo Puyŏ
Gondi Dravidian
Gora or Gorani Indo-European
Goral Indo-European
Gorani or Hawrami Indo-European
Gothic Indo-European
Greenlandic or Kalaallisut Eskaleut
Greenlandic Norse Indo-European
Greek Indo-European
Greek, Aeolic Indo-European
Greek, Apulian or Griko Indo-European
Greek, Ancient Macedonian Indo-European
Greek, Arcadocypriot Indo-European
Greek, Attic Indo-European
Greek, Byzantine or Medieval Greek Indo-European
Greek, Calabrian Indo-European
Greek, Cappadocian Indo-European
Greek, Cypriot Indo-European
Greek, Doric or West Greek Indo-European
Greek, Homeric or Epic Greek Indo-European
Greek, Ionic Indo-European
Greek, Italiot Indo-European
Greek, Jewish Koine Indo-European
Greek, Koine Indo-European
Greek, Mariupolitan or Crimean Greek Indo-European
Greek, Mycenaean Indo-European
Greek, Pamphylian Indo-European
Greek, Pontic Indo-European
Greek, Tsakonian Indo-European
Greek, Yevanic Indo-European
Greek Slavic Indo-European
Guaraní Tupian
Guaruyu Tupian
Guazacapán Xincan
Guinea-Bissau Creole Portuguese-based creole
Gujarati Indo-European
Gula Iro or Kulaal Niger-Congo
Gullah or Sea Island Creole English English-based creole
Gusii Niger-Congo
Gwichʼin Na-Dene

H

Hachijō or shima kotoba Japonic
Hadramautic Afroasiatic
Hadza or Hatsa Language isolate
Haida or MassetLanguage isolate or Na-Dene
Haitian Creole French-based creole
Hän Na-Dene
Hani Sino-Tibetan
Harappan Unclassified language
Harari Afroasiatic
Harauti Indo-European
Harsusi Afroasiatic
Haryanvi Indo-European
Harzani Indo-European
Hasaitic Afroasiatic
Hattic Unclassified language
Hausa Afroasiatic
Havasupai or Upland Yuman Hokan
Hawaiian Austronesian
Hawaiʻi Sign Language Language isolate or small language family
Hazaragi Indo-European
Hebrew Afroasiatic
Hebrew, Ashkenazi Afroasiatic
Hebrew, Biblical Afroasiatic
Hebrew, Italian Afroasiatic
Hebrew, Medieval Afroasiatic
Hebrew, Mishnaic Afroasiatic
Hebrew, Mizrahi Afroasiatic
Hebrew, Modern Afroasiatic
Hebrew, Samaritan Afroasiatic
Hebrew, Sephardi Afroasiatic
Hebrew, Tiberian Afroasiatic
Hebrew, Yemenite Afroasiatic
Herero Niger-Congo
Hértevin Afroasiatic
Hiligaynon Bisayan
Himyaritic Afroasiatic
Hindi Indo-European
Hindustani Indo-European)
Hinukh Northeast Caucasian
Hiri Motu Motu-based pidgin
Hismaic Afroasiatic
Hittite Indo-European
Hixkaryana Cariban
Hmong Hmong–Mien
Hmu Hmong-Mien
Ho Austroasiatic
Hobyót Afroasiatic
Hokkien Sino-Tibetan
Hopi Uto-Aztecan
Hoti Austronesian
Huastec or Teenek Mayan
Huave Language isolate
Huiliche Araucanian
Hulaulá Afroasiatic
Hungarian Uralic
Hunnic Unclassified language
Hutterisch or Tirolean Indo-European
Hwa miao Hmongic

I

Ibibio Cross River
Iban Austronesian
Ibanag Austronesian
Icelandic Indo-European
Ifè Yoruboid
Igbo or Ibo or Biafra Igboid
Ikalanga or Kalanga Niger-Congo
Ili Turki Turkic
Illyrian Indo-European
Ilokano or Ilocano Austronesian
Inabaknon Language Austronesian
Indonesian Austronesian
Indo-Portuguese Creole of Bombay Portuguese-based creole language
Ingrian or Izhorian Uralic
Ingush Northeast Caucasian
Inuktitut Eskimo–Aleut
Inupiaq Eskimo–Aleut
Inuvialuktun Eskimo–Aleut
Iraqw Afroasiatic
Irish or Irish Gaelic Indo-European
Irish Sign Language Francosign
Irula Dravidian
Isan or Northeastern Thai Kra–Dai
Ishkashimi or Ishkashmi Indo-European
Israeli Sign Language DGSic
Istriot Indo-European
Istro-Romanian Indo-European
Italian Indo-European

J

Jacaltek, Jakalteko or Popti' Mayan
Jalaa Unclassified language, possibly Niger–Congo
Japanese Japonic
Japhug Sino-Tibetan
Jaqaru Aymaran
Jarai Austronesian
Javanese Austronesian
Jeju Koreanic
Jemez or Towa Tanoan
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic Aramaic
Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho Afroasiatic
Jibbali or Shehri Afroasiatic
Jicarilla Na-Dene
Juang Austroasiatic
Judeo-Georgian South Caucasian
Jumaytepeque Xincan
Jurchen Tungusic

K

Kaaps Indo-European
Kabardian Northwest Caucasian
Kabiye Niger-Congo
Kabyle Afroasiatic
Kachin or Jingpo Sino-Tibetan
Kaingáng
Kajkavian Indo-European
Kalami or Gawri or Dirwali Indo-European
Kalahsa-mun Indo-European
Kalašma Indo-European
Kalmyk Mongolic
Kalto or Nahali Indo-European
Kamassian Uralic
Kamchadal, Eastern Khukotko-Kamchatkan
Kamchadal, Southern Khukotko-Kamchatkan
Kamchadal, Western or Itelmen Chukotko-Kamchatkan
Kamtapuri or Rangpuri or Rajbongshi Indo-European
Kankanaey Austronesian
Kannada Dravidian
Kanuri Saharan
Kaonde or Chikaonde Niger-Congo
Kapampangan Austronesian
Karachay–Balkar Turkic
Karagas Turkic
Karaim Turkic
Karakalpak Turkic
Karelian Uralic
Karen Sino-Tibetan
Kashmiri Indo-European
Kashubian Indo-European
Kasiguranin or Casiguran Austronesian
Kawésqar or Alacaluf Language isolate
Kazakh Turkic
Kerek Chukotko-Kamchatkan
Keres or Keresan Language isolate or small language family
Ket Yeniseian
Khakas Turkic
Khalaj Turkic
Kham or Sheshi Sino-Tibetan
Khandeshi Indo-European
Khanty or Ostyak Uralic
Khasi Austroasiatic
Khitan Mongolic
Khmer Austroasiatic
Khmu Austroasiatic
Khowar Indo-European
Kimatuumbi Niger-Congo
Kinaray-a or Hiraya Austronesian
Kinyarwanda Niger-Congo
Kirombo Niger-Congo
Kirundi Niger-Congo
Kivunjo Niger-Congo
Klallam or Clallam Salishan
Koasati or Coushatta Muskogean
Knaanic Indo-European
Kodava or Kodagu or Coorgi Dravidian
Kohistani or Khili Indo-European
Kolami Dravidian
Komi or Komi-Zyrian Uralic
Konkani Indo-European
Kongo or Kikongo Niger-Congo
Koraga Dravidian
Korandje Nilo-Saharan
Korean Koreanic
Korku Austroasiatic
Korowai Trans–New Guinea
Korwa Austroasiatic
Koryak Chukotko-Kamchatkan
Kosraean Austronesian
Kota Dravidian
Koyra Chiini or Western Songhay Nilo-Saharan
Koy Sanjaq Christian Neo-Aramaic Afroasiatic
Koya Dravidian
Krymchak or Judeo-Crimean Tatar Turkic
Kujarge Unclassified language, perhaps Afroasiatic
Kui Dravidian
Kukkuzi Uralic
Kumauni Indo-European
Kumeyaay or Kumiai Yuma-Cochimí (Hokan?)
Kumyk Turkic
Kumzari Indo-European
!Kung Kxʼa
Kurdish Indo-European
Kurdish, Abduyi Indo-European
Kurdish, Central or Sorani Indo-European
Kurdish, Laki Indo-European
Kurdish, Northern or Kurmanji Indo-European
Kurdish, Southern Indo-European
Kurukh or Kurux Dravidian
Kusunda Language isolate
Kutenai or Kootenay or Ktunaxa Language isolate
Kuy Austroasiatic
Kven Uralic
Kwak'wala Wakashan
Kwanyama or Ovambo Niger-Congo
Kxoe Khoe
Kyrgyz or Kirghiz Turkic

L

Laal Unclassified language
Lacandon Mayan
Lach Indo-European
Ladakhi Sino-Tibetan
Ladin Indo-European
Ladino or Judeo-Spanish Indo-European
Lak Northeast Caucasian
Laki Indo-European
Lakota or Lakhota or Teton Siouan
Lambadi or Lamani or Banjari Indo-European
Lanuvian Indo-European
Lao or Laotian Kra–Dai
Larestani Indo-European
Latin Indo-European
Latgalian Indo-European
Latvian Indo-European
Laz or Lazuri South Caucasian
Lemko Indo-European
Lenca, Honduran Lencan
Lenca, Salvadoran Lencan
Leonese Indo-European
Lezgi or Agul Northeast Caucasian
Ligbi or Ligby Niger-Congo
Limburgish Indo-European
Lingala Niger-Congo
Lipan Na-Dene
Lisan al-Dawat Indo-European
Lishanid Noshan or Lishana Didan Afroasiatic
Lithuanian Indo-European
Livonian or Liv Uralic
Livvi-Karelian, Olonets Karelian, or Livvi Uralic
Lobala or Bala Niger-Congo
Lomavren Lom and Armenian-based mixed language
Lombard Indo-European
Lotha Sino-Tibetan
Low Alemannic German Indo-European
Low German Indo-European
Lower Sorbian Indo-European
Lozi or Silozi Niger-Congo
Ludic or Ludian Uralic
Lunda or Chilunda Niger-Congo
Luri Indo-European
Lushootseed Salishan
Lusoga or Soga Niger-Congo
Luvale Niger-Congo
Luwati Indo-European
Luxembourgish Indo-European

M

Macedonian Indo-European
Machiguenga Arawakan
Madí or Jamamadí or Kapaná Arauan
Madurese Austronesian
Magadhi Indo-European
Marcho-Magdeburgian Indo-European
Matagi Japanese-based cant
Maguindanao Austronesian
Maithili Indo-European
Makasar Austronesian
Makhuwa or Makua Niger-Congo
Makhuwa-Meetto Niger-Congo
Malagasy Austronesian
Malay Austronesian
Malay, Brunei Austronesian
Malayalam Dravidian
Malaysian Sign Language Francosign
Maltese or Maltese Arabic Afroasiatic
Malto or Sauria Paharia Dravidian
Malvi, Malavi, or Ujjaini Indo-European
Mam Mayan
Manchu Tungusic
Mandaic Afroasiatic
Mandinka Niger-Congo
Mansi or Vogul Uralic
Manx Indo-European
Manyika Niger-Congo
Māori Austronesian
Mapudungun or Mapuche Araucanian
Maranao Austronesian
Marathi Indo-European
Mari or Cheremis Uralic
Maria Dravidian
Marquesan Austronesian
Marshallese or Ebon Austronesian
Martha's Vineyard Sign Language Language isolate
Masaba Niger-Congo
Masbatenyo or Minasbate Austronesian
Masurian Indo-European
Median Indo-European
Meitei or Manipuri or Meithei Sino-Tibetan
Mauritian Creole or Morisyen French-based creole
Mayan Sign Language Language isolate or small language family
Mayo Uto-Aztecan
Mazandarani or Tabari Indo-European
Mazahua Oto-Manguean
Mazatec Oto-Manguean
Meänkieli or Tornedalian Finnish Uralic
Megleno-Romanian Indo-European
Megrelian or Mingrelian South Caucasian
Mehri or Mahri Afroasiatic
Menominee Algic
Mentawai Austronesian
Meroitic Unclassified language, maybe Nilo-Saharan or Language isolate
Meru or Kimeru Niger-Congo
Mescalero Na-Dene
Messapic Indo-European
Michif Métis French and Plains Cree-based mixed language
Mikasuki or Miccosukee Muskogean
Mi'kmaq or Micmac Algic
Minaean Afroasiatic
Minangkabau Austronesian
Mirandese Indo-European
Miskito or Miskitu Misumalpan
Mnong or M'Nong Austroasiatic
Mobilian Jargon Choctaw and French-based pidgin
Moghol Mongolic
Mohawk Iroquoian
Moksha Uralic
Molengue Niger-Congo
Mon Austroasiatic
Middle Mongol Mongolic
Mongolian Mongolic
Mongolian, Classical Mongolic
Mono Niger-Congo
Mono Uto-Aztecan
Mono Austronesian
Montagnais or Innu Algic
Montenegrin Indo-European
Mopan Mayan
Motu Papuan Tip
Moxo Arawakan
Muher Afroasiatic
Mundari Austroasiatic
Mundurukú Tupian
Munji Indo-European
Muong Austroasiatic
Muria Dravidian
Muscogee or Creek Muskogean

N

Nafaanra Niger-Congo
Nagarchal Dravidian
Nahuatl Uto-Aztecan
Nama or Khoekhoe Khoe
Nanai Tungusic
Nauruan Austronesian
Navajo or Navaho Na-Dene
Ndau or Southeast Shona Niger-Congo
Ndonga Niger-Congo
Neapolitan Indo-European
Negidal Tungusic
Nenets or Yurak Samoyedic
Nepal Bhasa or Newari Newaric
Nepali Indo-European
New Zealand Sign Language BANZSL
Nihali or Nahali Language isolate
Nisga'a Tsimshianic
Nganasan or Tavgi Samoyedic
Ngumba Niger-Congo
Nheengatu or Geral or Modern Tupí Tupian
Nias Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
Nicaraguan Sign Language Language isolate
Niellim Niger-Congo
Nigerian Pidgin English-based pidgin
Nisenan Maiduan
Niuean or Niue Austronesian
Nivkh or Gilyak Language isolate
Nogai Turkic
Norfuk or Norfolk cant, English-Tahitian based
Noric Indo-European
Norman or Norman-French Indo-European
Norn Indo-European
Northern Ndebele Niger-Congo
Northern Paiute Uto-Aztecan
Northern Sotho or Sepedi Niger-Congo
Northern Straits Salish Salishan
Norwegian (Bokmål, Nynorsk, Riksmål) Indo-European
Northeast Malakula Central Vanuatu
Nǀu Tuu
Nuer Nilotic
Nuxálk or Bella Coola Salishan
Nyabwa Niger-Congo
Nyah Kur Austroasiatic
Nyangumarta Pama–Nyungan
Nyoro Niger-Congo

O

Occitan or Provençal Indo-European
Odia Indo-European
Ojibwe, Ojibwa, or Chippewa Algic
Okinawan Japonic
Oko-Juwoi Great Andamanese
Old Leonese or Medieval Leonese Indo-European
Old Prussian Indo-European
Omagua Tupian
Omok Yukaghir
Ongota Unclassified language
O'odham Uto-Aztecan
Ormuri Indo-European
Oroch Tungusic
Orok Tungusic
Oromo or Afaan Oromoo Afroasiatic
Ossetian or Ossetic Indo-European
Ossetian, Digor Indo-European
Ossetian, Jassic or Jasz Indo-European
Ossetian, Iron Indo-European
Övdalian Indo-European

P

Páez or Nasa Yuwe Language isolate
Palauan Austronesian
Pame Oto-Manguean
Pangasinan Austronesian
Papiamento or Papiamentu Portuguese-based creole
Parachi Indo-European
Parthian Indo-European
Parya Indo-European
Pashto, Pushto, or Pashtu Indo-European
Paya or Pech Chibchan
Peninsular Japonic Japonic
Pennsylvania Dutch or Pennsylvania German Indo-European
Persian or farsi, as it is referred to in the Persian language Indo-European
Persian Kowli Indo-European
Phalura Indo-European
Phoenician Afroasiatic
Phuthi Niger-Congo
Picard Indo-European
Pipil or Nawat Uto-Aztecan
Pirahã Mura
Plautdietsch or Mennonite Low German Indo-European
Podlachian or Podlashuk Indo-European
Polabian Indo-European
Polish Indo-European
Polish Sign Language DGSic
Pomak Indo-European
Pomeranian Indo-European
Popoloca Oto-Manguean
Portuguese Indo-European
Pothohari or Pahari-Potwari Indo-European
Pradhan or Pardhan Dravidian
Praenestinian Indo-European
Pucikwar Great Andamanese
Puelche Language isolate or Chonan
Puma Sino-Tibetan
Punic, Phoenicio-Punic, or Carthaginian Afroasiatic
Punjabi, Panjabi, or Gurmukhi Indo-European
Purépecha or Tarascan Language isolate

Q

Q'anjob'al Mayan
Qashqai or Ghashghai Turkic
Qatabanian Afroasiatic
Q'eqchí Mayan
Quebec Sign Language Francosign
Quechua Quechuan
Quelia German and Russian-based mixed language

R

Rajasthani Indo-European
Rani Indo-European
Ratagnon, Datagnon, or Latagnun Bisayan
Razi Indo-European
Razihi Afroasiatic
Resian Indo-European
Réunion Creole or Bourbonnais French-based creole
Rijāl Almaʿ Afroasiatic
Romanian Indo-European
Romansh Indo-European
Romani Indo-European
Romani, Balkan Indo-European
Romani, Baltic Indo-European
Romani, Bohemian Indo-European
Romani, Carpathian Indo-European
Romani, Early Indo-European
Romani, English English and British Romani-based mixed language
Romani, Erromintxela Basque and Kalderash Romani-based mixed language
Romani, Finnish Indo-European
Romani, Greek Greek and Romani-based mixed language
Romani, Iberian or Caló Iberian Romance and Romani-based mixed language
Romani, Kalderash Indo-European
Romani, Laiuse Estonian and Finnish Romani-based mixed language
Romani, Rumelian Indo-European
Romani, Scandinavian North Germanic and Romani-based mixed language
Romani, Scottish Scots and British Romani-based mixed language
Romani, Serbian Serbian and Romani-based mixed language
Romani, Sinte Indo-European
Romani, Vlax Indo-European
Romani, Welsh Indo-European
Romani, Zargari Indo-European
Romblomanon Bisayan
Rotokas East Papuan
Rotuman Central Pacific
Rouran Mongolic
Runyankole language or Nyankore Niger-Congo
Russian Indo-European
Russian, Alaskan Indo-European
Russian, Odesan Indo-European
Russian Sign Language Francosign
Rusyn, Carpathian Indo-European
Rusyn, Pannonian Indo-European
Rutul Northeast Caucasian
Ruthenian Indo-European

S

Sabaic or Sabaean Afroasiatic
Safaitic Afroasiatic
Salar Turkic
Samaritan Aramaic Afroasiatic
Samoan Austronesian
Sandawe Language isolate
Sango Ngbandi-based creole
Sanskrit Indo-European, liturgical language
Santali Austroasiatic
Sara Bakati' Land Dayak
Saraiki, Seraiki, or Siraiki Southern Punjabi Indo-European
Saramaccan English-based creole
Sardinian Indo-European
Sardinian, Campidanese Indo-European
Sardinian, Logudorese Indo-European
Sarikoli Indo-European
Sart Kalmyk Mongolic
Saurashtra or Sourashtra Indo-European
Savi Indo-European
Sawai South Halmahera–West New Guinea
Scots Indo-European
Scots, Shetlandic or Shaetlan Indo-European
Scots, Ulster Indo-European
Scottish Gaelic or Scots Gaelic or Gaidhlig or Gaelic Indo-European
Selangor Sign Language Francosign
Selkup or Ostyak Samoyed Samoyedic
Semnani Indo-European
Senaya Afroasiatic
Serbian Indo-European
Serbo-Croatian Indo-European
Sesotho Niger-Congo
Seto or Setu Uralic
Seychellois Creole French-based creole
Shabaki Indo-European
Shan Kra–Dai
Shelta Irish and Irish English-based mixed language
Shimaore Niger-Congo
Shina Indo-European
Shipibo or Shipibo-Konibo Panoan
Shona Niger-Congo
Shor Turkic
Shoshoni or Shoshone Uto-Aztecan
Shtokavian Indo-European
Shughni Indo-European
Shumashti Indo-European
Shuswap or Secwepemctsín Salishan
Siberian Tatar Turkic
Sicilian Indo-European
Sidamo Afroasiatic
Sierra Popoluca or Soteapanec Mixe–Zoque
Sika Flores–Lembata
Silesian Indo-European
Silla or Old Korean Koreanic
Silt'e or Selti or East Gurage Afroasiatic
Sinacantán Xincan
Sindhi Indo-European
Sinhala Indo-European
Sioux Siouan
Sivandi Indo-European
Sámi, Akkala Uralic
Sámi, Inari Uralic
Sámi, Kainuu Uralic
Sámi, Kemi Uralic
Sámi, Kildin Uralic
Sámi, Lule Uralic
Sámi, Northern Uralic
Sámi, Pite Uralic
Sámi, Skolt Uralic
Sámi, Southern Uralic
Sámi, Ter Uralic
Sámi, Ume Uralic
Sentinelese Unclassified language
Slavey Na-Dene
Slavomolisano Indo-European
Slovak Indo-European
Slovak, Eastern Indo-European
Slovene or Slovenian Indo-European
Slovene, Prekmurje Indo-European
Slovincian Indo-European
Soddo or Kistane Afroasiatic
Somali Afroasiatic
Sonjo or Temi Niger-Congo
Sonsorolese or Sonsorol Austronesian
Soqotri Afroasiatic
Sora Austroasiatic
Sorbian, Lower Indo-European
Sorbian, Upper Indo-European
Sourashtra Indo-European
Southern Ndebele Niger-Congo
South Estonian Uralic
Spanish Indo-European
Spanish, Amazonic Indo-European
Spanish, Andalusian Indo-European
Spanish, Canarian Indo-European
Spanish, Caribbean Indo-European
Spanish, Castilian Indo-European
Spanish, Catalan Indo-European
Spanish, Chilote Indo-European
Spanish, Extremaduran or Castúo Indo-European
Spanish, Galician or Castrapo Indo-European
Spanish, Gibraltarian or Llanito Indo-European
Spanish, Mexican Indo-European
Spanish, Murcian Indo-European
Spanish, Peninsular Indo-European
Spanish, Sabine River, Adaeseño Spanish, or Zwolle-Ebarb Spanish Indo-European
Spanish, Saharan or Western Saharan Spanish Indo-European
Spanish, Standard Indo-European
Sranan Tongo English-based creole
St'at'imcets or Lillooet Salishan
Sucite or Sìcìté Sénoufo Niger-Congo
Suba Niger-Congo
Sundanese Austronesian
Supyire or Supyire Senoufo Niger-Congo
Suret or Sureth Afroasiatic
Surigaonon Bisayan
Susu Niger-Congo
Svan South Caucasian
Swahili Niger-Congo
Swati, Swazi, Siswati, or Seswati Niger-Congo
Swedish Indo-European
Swiss-German Sign Language Unclassified language, possibly DGSic or Francosign
Syriac Afroasiatic

T

Taa Tuu
Tabasaran or Tabassaran Northeast Caucasian
Tacana Tacanan
Tachelhit Afroasiatic
Tagalog Austronesian
Tahitian Austronesian
Tai Lue Kra–Dai
Taíno Arawakan
Taiwanese Sign Language JSLic
Tajik Indo-European
Takestani Indo-European
Talysh Indo-European
Tamil Dravidian
Tanacross Na-Dene
Tangut Sino-Tibetan
Taos or Northern Tiwa Tanoan
Tarahumara Uto-Aztecan
Tarama Japonic
Tarifit or Rifi or Riff Berber Afroasiatic
Tat or Tati Indo-European
Tatar Turkic
Tausug Bisayan
Taymanitic Afroasiatic
Tehuelche or Aonikenk Chon
Telugu Dravidian
Tetum Austronesian
Tepehua Totonacan
Tepehuán or O'otham Uto-Aztecan
Tewa Tanoan
Thai Kra–Dai
Thamudic Afroasiatic
Tharu Indo-European
Tibetan, Lhasa Sino-Tibetan
Ticuna Language isolate
Tigre or Xasa Afroasiatic
Tigrinya Afroasiatic
Timbisha or Panamint Uto-Aztecan
Tiv Tivoid
Tlingit Na-Dene
Tobian Austronesian
Toda Dravidian
Tojolab'al Mayan
Tok Pisin English-based creole
Tokelauan Austronesian
Tol or Jicaque Jicaquean
Tonga Niger-Congo
Tongan Austronesian
Torlakian Indo-European
Torwali or Turvali Indo-European
Tregami Indo-European
Trique or Triqui Oto-Manguean
Tsat Austronesian
Tsez or Dido Northeast Caucasian
Tshiluba, Luba-Kasai, or Luba-Lulua Niger-Congo
Tsimshian, Coast Tsimshianic
Tsimshian, Southern Tsimshianic
Tsonga Niger-Congo
Tswana or Setswana Niger-Congo
Tu or Monguor Mongolic
Tuareg or Tamasheq Afroasiatic
Tulu Dravidian
Tumbuka Niger-Congo
Tupiniquim Tupian
Turkish Turkic
Turkish, Cypriot Turkic
Turkish, Karamanli Turkic
Turkish, Ottoman Turkic
Turkish, Tsalka Turkic
Turkmen Turkic
Turoyo Afroasiatic
Tuvaluan Austronesian
Tuvan Tuvin or Tyvan Turkic
Tzeltal Mayan
Tzotzil Mayan

U

Udihe or Ude or Udege Tungusic
Udmurt or Votyak Uralic
Ugaritic Afroasiatic
Ukrainian Indo-European
Ulada Austronesian
Ulch or Olcha Tungusic
Unserdeutsch or Rabaul Creole German German-based creole
Upper Sorbian Indo-European
Urdu Indo-European
Urum Turkic
Ute Uto-Aztecan
Uyghur or Uighur Turkic
Uzbek Turkic

V

Vafsi Indo-European
Valencian Indo-European
Valencian Sign Language Catalan Sign
Vasi-vari or Prasuni Indo-European
Vastese Indo-European
Venda or Tshivenda Niger-Congo
Venetian Indo-European
Veps Uralic
Vietnamese Austroasiatic
Võro Uralic
Votic or Votian Uralic

W

Wa Austroasiatic
Waddar Dravidian
Wagiman Language isolate
Waigali or Kalasha-Ala Indo-European
Waima or Roro Austronesian
Wakhi Indo-European
Wallisian or East Uvean Austronesian
Walloon Indo-European
Waray or Binisaya Austronesian
Washo Language isolate
Welsh Indo-European
Western Neo-Aramaic Afroasiatic
West Polesian or Poleshuk Indo-European
Wolane (Silt'e) Afroasiatic
Wolof Niger–Congo
Wymysorys Indo-European

X

Xavante
Xhosa Niger-Congo
Xibe or Sibo Tungusic
Xipaya Tupian

Y

Yaaku Afroasiatic
Yaeyama Japonic
Yaghan or Yámana Language isolate
Yaghnobi Indo-European
Yakut Turkic
Yankunytjatjara Pama–Nyungan
Yanyuwa Pama–Nyungan
Yapese Austronesian
Yaqui Uto-Aztecan
Yauma Niger-Congo
Yavapai Yuman
Yazdi Indo-European
Yazgulyam or Yazgulami Indo-European
Ye-Maek Puyŏ?
Yeni Niger–Congo
Yi language or Nuosu[[Sino-Tibetan language|Sino-Tibetan]
Yine or Piro Arawakan
Yiddish Indo-European
Yidgha Indo-European
Yugur, Eastern Mongolic
Yugur, Western or Neo-Uygur Turkic
Yokuts, Yokutsan, or Mariposa Yokutsan
Yokuts, Buena Vista Yokutsan
Yokuts, Delta Yokutsan
Yokuts, Palewyami Yokutsan
Yokuts, Tule–Kaweah Yokutsan
Yokuts, Valley Yokutsan
Yonaguni Japonic
Yorùbá Niger-Congo
Younuo Hmongic
Yucatec Maya Yucatecan
Yuchi Language isolate
Yukaghir, Northern or Tundra Yukaghir Yukaghir
Yukaghir, Southern or Forest Yukaghir Yukaghir
Yukjin Koreanic
Yupik Eskimo–Aleut
Yupiltepeque Xincan
Yurats Samoyedic
Yurok Algic

Z

Záparo Saparoan
Zapotec Oto-Manguean
Zaza or Zazaki Indo-European
Zeelandic Indo-European
Zhuang Kra–Dai
Zoque Mixe–Zoquean
Zoroastrian Dari Indo-European
Zulu Niger-Congo
Zuñi or Zuni Language isolate
Zway or Zay Afroasiatic

See also

List of proto-languages

List of maya languages

List of pidgins, creoles, mixed languages and cants based on Indo-European languages

List of lesser-known Loloish languages

Hani languages

Taloid languages

Talodi–Heiban languages

Yupik languages

References