List of regencies and cities of Indonesia

Last updated

Regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota) are the second-level administrative subdivision in Indonesia, immediately below the provinces, and above the districts. Regencies are roughly equivalent to American counties, although most cities in the United States are below the counties. [1] Following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and city municipalities became the key administrative units responsible for providing most governmental services. [2] Each of regencies and cities has their own local government and legislative body.

Contents

The difference between a regency and a city lies in demography, size, and economy. Generally, a regency comprises a rural area larger than a city, but also often includes various towns. A city usually has non-agricultural economic activities. A regency is headed by a regent (bupati), while a city is headed by a mayor (wali kota). All regents, mayors, and members of legislatures are directly elected via elections to serve for a five-year term which can be renewed once. Each regency or city is divided further into districts more commonly known as kecamatan (except in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, where kapanewon and kemantren are used, and Western New Guinea (Papua), where distrik is used).

An administrative city (kota administrasi) or an administrative regency (kabupaten administrasi) is a subdivision of province without its own local legislatures (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah). The leader of administrative city or administrative regency is directly appointed by the governor. This type of city and regency in Indonesia is only found in Jakarta which consisted of five administrative cities and one administrative regency.

As of January 2023, there were 514-second-level administrative divisions (416 regencies and 98 cities) in Indonesia. [3] The list below groups regencies and cities in Indonesia by provinces. Each regency has an administrative centre, the regency seat. [4]

List of regencies and cities by province

A map of the regencies and cities of Indonesia Indonesian cities and regencies.svg
A map of the regencies and cities of Indonesia

Sumatra

Aceh


NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 South Aceh Tapaktuan 0.678 (Medium)
2 Southeast Aceh Kutacane 0.703 (High)
3 East Aceh Idi Rayeuk 0.687 (Medium)
4 Central Aceh Takengon 0.739 (High)
5 West Aceh Meulaboh 0.723 (High)
6 Aceh Besar Jantho 0.740 (High)
7 Pidie Sigli 0.712 (High)
8 North Aceh Lhoksukon 0.702 (High)
9 Simeulue Sinabang 0.672 (Medium)
10 Aceh Singkil Singkil 0.696 (Medium)
11 Bireuën Bireuën 0.731 (High)
12 Southwest Aceh Blangpidie 0.674 (Medium)
13 Gayo Lues Blangkejeren 0.682 (Medium)
14 Aceh Jaya Calang 0.703 (High)
15 Nagan Raya Suka Makmue 0.701 (High)
16 Aceh Tamiang Karang Baru 0.704 (High)
17 Bener Meriah Simpang Tiga Redelong 0.739 (High)
18 Pidie Jaya Meureudu 0.743 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Banda Aceh 0.862 (Very High)
2 Sabang 0.768 (High)
3 Lhokseumawe 0.780 (High)
4 Langsa 0.778 (High)
5 Subulussalam 0.662 (Medium)

North Sumatra


NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Asahan Kisaran 0.711 (High)
2 Batubara Limapuluh 0.695 (Medium)
3 Central Tapanuli Pandan 0.703 (High)
4 Dairi Sidikalang 0.725 (High)
5 Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam 0.761 (High)
6 Humbang Hasundutan Dolok Sanggul 0.703 (High)
7 Karo Kabanjahe 0.753 (High)
8 Labuhan Batu Rantau Prapat 0.729 (High)
9 Langkat Stabat 0.718 (High)
10 Mandailing Natal Panyabungan 0.680 (Medium)
11 Nias Gunungsitoli 0.636 (Medium)
12 North Labuhan Batu Aek Kanopan 0.727 (High)
13 North Nias Lotu 0.637 (Medium)
14 North Padang Lawas Gunung Tua 0.709 (High)
15 North Tapanuli Tarutung 0.741 (High)
16 Padang Lawas Sibuhuan 0.695 (Medium)
17 Pakpak Bharat Salak 0.688 (Medium)
18 Samosir Pangururan 0.716 (High)
19 Serdang Bedagai Sei Rampah 0.712 (High)
20 Simalungun Raya 0.737 (High)
21 South Labuhan Batu Kota Pinang 0.721 (High)
22 South Nias Teluk Dalam 0.631 (Medium)
23 South Tapanuli Sipirok 0.709 (High)
24 Toba Balige 0.759 (High)
25 West Nias Lahomi 0.629 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Binjai 0.769 (High)
2 Gunungsitoli 0.702 (High)
3 Medan 0.817 (Very High)
4 Padang Sidempuan 0.760 (High)
5 Pematangsiantar 0.797 (High)
6 Sibolga 0.747 (High)
7 Tanjungbalai 0.698 (Medium)
8 Tebing Tinggi 0.761 (High)

West Sumatra

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Agam Lubuk Basung 0.732 (High)
2 Dharmasraya Pulau Punjung 0.723 (High)
3 Lima Puluh Kota Sari Lamak 0.702 (High)
4 Mentawai Islands Tuapejat 0.621 (Medium)
5 Padang Pariaman Parit Malintang 0.716 (High)
6 Pasaman Lubuk Sikaping 0.674 (Medium)
7 Sijunjung Muaro Sijunjung 0.686 (Medium)
8 Solok Arosuka 0.700 (High)
9 Pesisir Selatan Painan 0.708 (High)
10 South Solok Padang Aro 0.697 (Medium)
11 Tanah Datar Batusangkar 0.732 (High)
12 West Pasaman Simpang Ampek 0.695 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bukittinggi 0.814 (Very High)
2 Padang 0.832 (Very High)
3 Padang Panjang 0.787 (High)
4 Pariaman 0.776 (High)
5 Payakumbuh 0.795 (High)
6 Sawahlunto 0.737 (High)
7 Solok 0.792 (High)

Jambi

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Batang Hari Muara Bulian 0.705 (High)
2 Bungo Muara Bungo 0.705 (High)
3 East Tanjung Jabung Muara Sabak 0.657 (Medium)
4 Kerinci Siulak 0.719 (High)
5 Merangin Bangko 0.699 (Medium)
6 Muaro Jambi Sengeti 0.701 (High)
7 Sarolangun Sarolangun 0.708 (High)
8 Tebo Muara Tebo 0.697 (Medium)
9 West Tanjung Jabung Kuala Tungkal 0.687 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Jambi 0.795 (High)
2 Sungai Penuh 0.761 (High)

Riau

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bengkalis Bengkalis 0.743 (High)
2 Indragiri Hilir Tembilahan 0.673 (Medium)
3 Indragiri Hulu Rengat 0.704 (High)
4 Kampar Bangkinang 0.738 (High)
5 Kuantan Singingi Teluk Kuantan 0.710 (High)
6 Meranti Islands Selat Panjang 0.665 (Medium)
7 Pelalawan Pangkalan Kerinci 0.729 (High)
8 Rokan Hulu Pasir Pangaraian 0.703 (High)
9 Rokan Hilir Bagansiapiapi 0.701 (High)
10 Siak Siak Sri Indrapura 0.745 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Dumai 0.752 (High)
2 Pekanbaru 0.820 (Very High)

Bengkulu

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Central Bengkulu Karang Tinggi 0.684 (Medium)
2 Kaur Bintuhan 0.677 (Medium)
3 Kepahiang Kepahiang 0.690 (Medium)
4 Lebong Muara Aman 0.681 (Medium)
5 Mukomuko Mukomuko 0.691 (Medium)
6 North Bengkulu Arga Makmur 0.697 (Medium)
7 Rejang Lebong Curup 0.714 (High)
8 Seluma Pasar Tais 0.677 (Medium)
9 South Bengkulu Manna 0.714 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bengkulu 0.809 (Very High)

South Sumatra

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Banyuasin Pangkalan Balai 0.679 (Medium)
2 East Ogan Komering Ulu Martapura 0.702 (High)
3 Empat Lawang Tebing Tinggi 0.660 (Medium)
4 Lahat Lahat 0.684 (Medium)
5 Muara Enim Muara Enim 0.694 (Medium)
6 Musi Banyuasin Sekayu 0.686 (Medium)
7 Musi Rawas Muara Beliti 0.677 (Medium)
8 North Musi Rawas Rupit 0.657 (Medium)
9 Ogan Ilir Indralaya 0.679 (Medium)
10 Ogan Komering Ilir Kayuagung 0.680 (Medium)
11 Ogan Komering Ulu Baturaja 0.702 (High)
12 Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Talang Ubi 0.657 (Medium)
13 South Ogan Komering Ulu Muaradua 0.658 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Lubuklinggau 0.755 (High)
2 Pagar Alam 0.696 (Medium)
3 Palembang 0.794 (High)
4 Prabumulih 0.755 (High)

Lampung

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Central Lampung Gunung Sugih 0.708 (High)
2 East Lampung Sukadana 0.705 (High)
3 Mesuji Mesuji 0.649 (Medium)
4 North Lampung Kotabumi 0.683 (Medium)
5 Pesawaran Gedong Tataan 0.667 (Medium)
6 Pringsewu Pringsewu 0.709 (High)
7 South Lampung Kalianda 0.690 (Medium)
8 Tanggamus Kota Agung Pusat 0.672 (Medium)
9 Tulang Bawang Menggala 0.695 (Medium)
10 Way Kanan Blambangan Umpu 0.680 (Medium)
11 West Lampung Liwa 0.683 (Medium)
12 Pesisir Barat Krui 0.651 (Medium)
13 West Tulang Bawang Panaragan Jaya 0.671 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bandar Lampung 0.780 (High)
2 Metro 0.778 (High)

Bangka Belitung Islands

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bangka Sungailiat 0.729 (High)
2 Belitung Tanjung Pandan 0.733 (High)
3 South Bangka Toboali 0.679 (Medium)
4 Central Bangka Koba 0.714 (High)
5 West Bangka Muntok 0.701 (High)
6 East Belitung Manggar 0.722 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Pangkal Pinang 0.792 (High)

Riau Islands

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Anambas Islands Tarempa 0.696 (Medium)
2 Bintan Bandar Seri Bentan 0.749 (High)
3 Karimun Tanjung Balai Karimun 0.726 (High)
4 Lingga Daik 0.665 (Medium)
5 Natuna Ranai 0.734 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Batam 0.816 (Very High)
2 Tanjung Pinang 0.796 (High)

Java

Special Capital Region of Jakarta

NoAdministrative regency Government HDI (2022) [5]
1 Thousand Islands Pramuka Island 0.727 (High)
NoAdministrative city HDI (2022) [5]
1 Central Jakarta Menteng 0.821 (Very High)
2 East Jakarta Jatinegara 0.834 (Very High)
3 North Jakarta Koja 0.808 (Very High)
4 South Jakarta Kebayoran Baru 0.852 (Very High)
5 West Jakarta Kembangan 0.825 (Very High)

Banten

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Lebak Rangkasbitung 0.647 (Medium)
2 Pandeglang Pandeglang 0.658 (Medium)
3 Serang Ciruas 0.677 (Medium)
4 Tangerang Tigaraksa 0.729 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Cilegon 0.739 (High)
2 Serang 0.729 (High)
3 South Tangerang 0.819 (Very High)
4 Tangerang 0.789 (High)

West Java

Map of West Java with cities and regencies names.png
NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bandung Soreang 0.731 (High)
2 Bekasi Cikarang 0.752 (High)
3 Bogor Cibinong 0.712 (High)
4 Ciamis Ciamis 0.714 (High)
5 Cianjur Cianjur 0.659 (Medium)
6 Cirebon Sumber 0.700 (High)
7 Garut South Tarogong 0.674 (Medium)
8 Indramayu Indramayu 0.685 (Medium)
9 Karawang Karawang 0.717 (High)
10 Kuningan Kuningan 0.701 (High)
11 Majalengka Majalengka 0.685 (Medium)
12 Pangandaran Parigi 0.690 (Medium)
13 Purwakarta Purwakarta 0.715 (High)
14 Subang Subang 0.698 (Medium)
15 Sukabumi Pelabuhan Ratu 0.676 (Medium)
16 Sumedang Sumedang 0.726 (High)
17 Tasikmalaya Singaparna 0.668 (Medium)
18 West Bandung Ngamprah 0.690 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bandung 0.825 (Very High)
2 Banjar 0.725 (High)
3 Bekasi 0.824 (Very High)
4 Bogor 0.771 (High)
5 Cimahi 0.787 (High)
6 Cirebon 0.758 (High)
7 Depok 0.818 (Very High)
8 Sukabumi 0.754 (High)
9 Tasikmalaya 0.738 (High)

Central Java

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Banjarnegara Banjarnegara 0.686 (Medium)
2 Banyumas Purwokerto 0.731 (High)
3 Batang Batang 0.694 (Medium)
4 Blora Blora 0.699 (Medium)
5 Boyolali Boyolali 0.749 (High)
6 Brebes Brebes 0.670 (Medium)
7 Cilacap Cilacap 0.709 (High)
8 Demak Demak 0.733 (High)
9 Grobogan Purwodadi 0.709 (High)
10 Jepara Jepara 0.731 (High)
11 Karanganyar Karanganyar 0.765 (High)
12 Kebumen Kebumen 0.707 (High)
13 Kendal Kendal 0.731 (High)
14 Klaten Klaten 0.769 (High)
15 Kudus Kudus 0.758 (High)
16 Magelang Mungkid 0.708 (High)
17 Pati Pati 0.731 (High)
18 Pekalongan Kajen 0.708 (High)
19 Pemalang Pemalang 0.671 (Medium)
20 Purbalingga Purbalingga 0.695 (Medium)
21 Purworejo Purworejo 0.736 (High)
22 Rembang Rembang 0.710 (High)
23 Semarang Ungaran 0.746 (High)
24 Sragen Sragen 0.746 (High)
25 Sukoharjo Sukoharjo 0.779 (High)
26 Tegal Slawi 0.695 (Medium)
27 Temanggung Temanggung 0.707 (High)
28 Wonogiri Wonogiri 0.710 (High)
29 Wonosobo Wonosobo 0.688 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Magelang 0.803 (Very High)
2 Pekalongan 0.759 (High)
3 Salatiga 0.843 (Very High)
4 Semarang 0.840 (Very High)
5 Surakarta 0.830 (Very High)
6 Tegal 0.761 (High)

East Java

Regencies and cities in East Java East Java province.png
Regencies and cities in East Java
NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bangkalan Bangkalan 0.650 (Medium)
2 Banyuwangi Banyuwangi 0.719 (High)
3 Blitar Kanigoro 0.718 (High)
4 Bojonegoro Bojonegoro 0.701 (High)
5 Bondowoso Bondowoso 0.673 (Medium)
6 Gresik Gresik 0.771 (High)
7 Jember Jember 0.679 (Medium)
8 Jombang Jombang 0.740 (High)
9 Kediri Ngasem 0.734 (High)
10 Lamongan Lamongan 0.740 (High)
11 Lumajang Lumajang 0.669 (Medium)
12 Madiun Caruban 0.723 (High)
13 Magetan Magetan 0.748 (High)
14 Malang Kepanjen 0.713 (High)
15 Mojokerto Mojosari 0.748 (High)
16 Nganjuk Nganjuk 0.729 (High)
17 Ngawi Ngawi 0.717 (High)
18 Pacitan Pacitan 0.693 (Medium)
19 Pamekasan Pamekasan 0.669 (Medium)
20 Pasuruan Bangil 0.696 (Medium)
21 Ponorogo Ponorogo 0.718 (High)
22 Probolinggo Kraksaan 0.669 (Medium)
23 Sampang Sampang 0.633 (Medium)
24 Sidoarjo Sidoarjo 0.810 (Very High)
25 Situbondo Situbondo 0.682 (Medium)
26 Sumenep Sumenep 0.678 (Medium)
27 Trenggalek Trenggalek 0.710 (High)
28 Tuban Tuban 0.696 (Medium)
29 Tulungagung Tulungagung 0.740 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Batu 0.772 (High)
2 Blitar 0.799 (High)
3 Kediri 0.795 (High)
4 Madiun 0.820 (Very High)
5 Malang 0.827 (Very High)
6 Mojokerto 0.793 (High)
7 Pasuruan 0.765 (High)
8 Probolinggo 0.745 (High)
9 Surabaya 0.827 (Very High)

Special Region of Yogyakarta

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bantul Bantul 0.806 (Very High)
2 Gunung Kidul Wonosari 0.709 (High)
3 Kulon Progo Wates 0.754 (High)
4 Sleman Sleman 0.843 (Very High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Yogyakarta 0.876 (Very High)

Lesser Sunda Islands

Bali

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Badung Mangupura 0.821 (Very High)
2 Bangli Bangli 0.702 (High)
3 Buleleng Singaraja 0.734 (High)
4 Gianyar Gianyar 0.783 (High)
5 Jembrana Negara 0.735 (High)
6 Karangasem Amlapura 0.682 (Medium)
7 Klungkung Semarapura 0.725 (High)
8 Tabanan Tabanan 0.767 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Denpasar 0.843 (Very High)

West Nusa Tenggara

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bima Woha 0.675 (Medium)
2 Central Lombok Praya 0.675 (Medium)
3 Dompu Dompu 0.691 (Medium)
4 East Lombok Selong 0.675 (Medium)
5 North Lombok Tanjung 0.657 (Medium)
6 Sumbawa Sumbawa Besar 0.688 (Medium)
7 West Lombok Gerung 0.694 (Medium)
8 West Sumbawa Taliwang 0.726 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bima 0.768 (High)
2 Mataram 0.795 (High)

East Nusa Tenggara

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Alor Kalabahi 0.622 (Medium)
2 Belu Atambua 0.632 (Medium)
3 Central Sumba Waibakul 0.627 (Medium)
4 East Flores Larantuka 0.649 (Medium)
5 East Manggarai Borong 0.623 (Medium)
6 East Sumba Waingapu 0.661 (Medium)
7 Ende Ende 0.679 (Medium)
8 Kupang Oelamasi 0.650 (Medium)
9 Lembata Lewoleba 0.654 (Medium)
10 Malaka Betun 0.613 (Medium)
11 Manggarai Ruteng 0.658 (Medium)
12 Nagekeo Mbay 0.662 (Medium)
13 Ngada Bajawa 0.682 (Medium)
14 North Central Timor Kefamenanu 0.642 (Medium)
15 Rote Ndao Baa 0.632 (Medium)
16 Sabu Raijua West Savu 0.579 (Medium)
17 Sikka Maumere 0.660 (Medium)
18 South Central Timor Soe 0.627 (Medium)
19 Southwest Sumba Tambolaka 0.631 (Medium)
20 West Manggarai Labuan Bajo 0.649 (Medium)
21 West Sumba Waikabubak 0.644 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Kupang 0.802 (Very High)

Kalimantan

West Kalimantan

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bengkayang Bengkayang 0.687 (Medium)
2 Kapuas Hulu Putussibau 0.667 (Medium)
3 North Kayong Sukadana 0.638 (Medium)
4 Ketapang Ketapang 0.679 (Medium)
5 Kubu Raya Sungai Raya 0.689 (Medium)
6 Landak Ngabang 0.671 (Medium)
7 Melawi Nanga Pinoh 0.668 (Medium)
8 Mempawah Mempawah 0.669 (Medium)
9 Sambas Sambas 0.679 (Medium)
10 Sanggau Sanggau 0.669 (Medium)
11 Sekadau Sekadau 0.655 (Medium)
12 Sintang Sintang 0.678 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Pontianak 0.804 (Very High)
2 Singkawang 0.728 (High)

South Kalimantan

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Balangan Paringin 0.697 (Medium)
2 Banjar Martapura 0.707 (High)
3 Barito Kuala Marabahan 0.673 (Medium)
4 Central Hulu Sungai Barabai 0.697 (Medium)
5 Kotabaru Kotabaru 0.697 (Medium)
6 North Hulu Sungai Amuntai 0.668 (Medium)
7 South Hulu Sungai Kandangan 0.697 (Medium)
8 Tabalong Tanjung 0.731 (High)
9 Tanah Laut Pelaihari 0.703 (High)
10 Tanah Bumbu Batulicin 0.717 (High)
11 Tapin Rantau 0.710 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Banjarbaru 0.796 (High)
2 Banjarmasin 0.779 (High)

Central Kalimantan

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 East Barito Tamiang Layang 0.720 (High)
2 East Kotawaringin Sampit 0.716 (High)
3 Gunung Mas Kuala Kurun 0.714 (High)
4 Kapuas Kuala Kapuas 0.700 (High)
5 Katingan Kasongan 0.697 (Medium)
6 Lamandau Nanga Bulik 0.711 (High)
7 Murung Raya Puruk Cahu 0.686 (Medium)
8 North Barito Muara Teweh 0.712 (High)
9 Pulang Pisau Pulang Pisau 0.690 (Medium)
10 Sukamara Sukamara 0.689 (Medium)
11 Seruyan Kuala Pembuang 0.682 (Medium)
12 South Barito Buntok 0.710 (High)
13 West Kotawaringin Pangkalan Bun 0.734 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Palangka Raya 0.811 (Very High)

East Kalimantan

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Berau Tanjung Redeb 0.757 (High)
2 East Kutai Sangatta 0.743 (High)
3 Kutai Kartanegara Tenggarong 0.746 (High)
4 Mahakam Ulu Ujoh Bilang 0.687 (Medium)
5 Paser Tana Paser 0.734 (High)
6 Penajam North Paser Penajam 0.725 (High)
7 West Kutai Sendawar 0.729 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Balikpapan 0.811 (Very High)
2 Bontang 0.809 (Very High)
3 Samarinda 0.814 (Very High)

North Kalimantan

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bulungan Tanjung Selor 0.720 (High)
2 Malinau Malinau 0.727 (High)
3 Nunukan Nunukan 0.671 (Medium)
4 Tana Tidung Tideng Pale 0.686 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Tarakan 0.766 (High)

Sulawesi

Gorontalo

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Boalemo Tilamuta 0.672 (Medium)
2 Bone Bolango Suwawa 0.709 (High)
3 Gorontalo Limboto 0.682 (Medium)
4 North Gorontalo Kwandang 0.660 (Medium)
5 Pohuwato Marisa 0.665 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Gorontalo 0.782 (High)

South Sulawesi

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bantaeng Bantaeng 0.696 (Medium)
2 Barru Barru 0.715 (High)
3 Bone Watampone 0.670 (Medium)
4 Bulukumba Bulukumba 0.703 (High)
5 East Luwu Malili 0.739 (High)
6 Enrekang Enrekang 0.733 (High)
7 Gowa Sungguminasa 0.709 (High)
8 Jeneponto Bontosunggu 0.651 (Medium)
9 Luwu Belopa 0.713 (High)
10 North Luwu Masamba 0.705 (High)
11 North Toraja Rantepao 0.703 (High)
12 Maros Maros 0.710 (High)
13 Pangkajene and Islands Pangkajane 0.697 (Medium)
14 Pinrang Pinrang 0.719 (High)
15 Selayar Islands Benteng 0.683 (Medium)
16 Sinjai Sinjai 0.683 (Medium)
17 Sidenreng Rappang Pangkajene Sidenreng 0.720 (High)
18 Soppeng Watansoppeng 0.697 (Medium)
19 Takalar Pattallassang 0.683 (Medium)
20 Tana Toraja Makale 0.698 (Medium)
21 Wajo Sengkang 0.702 (High)
NoCity
1 Makassar 0.831 (Very High)
2 Palopo 0.789 (High)
3 Parepare 0.785 (High)

West Sulawesi

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1. Central Mamuju Tobadak 0.668 (Medium)
2. Majene Majene 0.678 (Medium)
3. Mamasa Mamasa 0.672 (Medium)
4. Mamuju Mamuju 0.688 (Medium)
5. Pasangkayu Pasangkayu 0.686 (Medium)
6. Polewali Mandar Polewali 0.647 (Medium)

Southeast Sulawesi

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bombana Rumbia 0.668 (Medium)
2 Buton Pasarwajo 0.672 (Medium)
3 Central Buton Labungkari 0.652 (Medium)
4 East Kolaka Tirawuta 0.687 (Medium)
5 Kolaka Kolaka 0.739 (High)
6 Konawe Unaaha 0.720 (High)
7 Konawe Islands Langara 0.666 (Medium)
8 Muna Raha 0.696 (Medium)
9 North Buton Buranga 0.690 (Medium)
10 North Kolaka Lasusua 0.703 (High)
11 North Konawe Asera 0.711 (High)
12 South Buton Batauga 0.654 (Medium)
13 South Konawe Andoolo 0.693 (Medium)
14 Wakatobi Wangiwangi 0.708 (High)
15 West Muna Laworo 0.662 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Baubau 0.766 (High)
2 Kendari 0.845 (Very High)

Central Sulawesi

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Banggai Luwuk 0.710 (High)
2 Banggai Islands Salakan 0.660 (Medium)
3 Banggai Laut Banggai 0.662 (Medium)
4 Buol Buol 0.687 (Medium)
5 Donggala Banawa 0.662 (Medium)
6 Morowali Bungku 0.725 (High)
7 North Morowali Kolonodale 0.689 (Medium)
8 Parigi Moutong Parigi 0.662 (Medium)
9 Poso Poso 0.719 (High)
10 Sigi Sigi Biromaru 0.690 (Medium)
11 Tojo Una-Una Ampana 0.655 (Medium)
12 Tolitoli Tolitoli 0.667 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Palu 0.820 (Very High)

North Sulawesi

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bolaang Mongondow Lolak 0.689 (Medium)
2 East Bolaang Mongondow Tutuyan 0.672 (Medium)
3 Minahasa Tondano 0.761 (High)
4 North Bolaang Mongondow Boroko 0.680 (Medium)
5 North Minahasa Airmadidi 0.746 (High)
6 Sangihe Islands Tahuna 0.716 (High)
7 Sitaro Islands Ondong 0.689 (Medium)
8 South Bolaang Mongondow Molibagu 0.659 (Medium)
9 South Minahasa Amurang 0.728 (High)
10 Southeast Minahasa Ratahan 0.714 (High)
11 Talaud Islands Melonguane 0.704 (High)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Bitung 0.747 (High)
2 Kotamobagu 0.739 (High)
3 Manado 0.796 (High)
4 Tomohon 0.774 (High)

Maluku Islands

Maluku

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Aru Islands Dobo 0.642 (Medium)
2 Buru Namlea 0.699 (Medium)
3 Central Maluku Masohi 0.718 (High)
4 East Seram Bula 0.650 (Medium)
5 South Buru Namrole 0.653 (Medium)
6 Southeast Maluku Langgur 0.668 (Medium)
7 Southwest Maluku Tiakur 0.630 (Medium)
8 Tanimbar Islands Saumlaki 0.634 (Medium)
9 West Seram Piru 0.666 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Ambon 0.816 (Very High)
2 Tual 0.686 (Medium)

North Maluku

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Central Halmahera Weda 0.664 (Medium)
2 East Halmahera Maba 0.679 (Medium)
3 Morotai Island Daruba 0.638 (Medium)
4 North Halmahera Tobelo 0.683 (Medium)
5 South Halmahera Labuha 0.650 (Medium)
6 Sula Islands Sanana 0.647 (Medium)
7 Taliabu Island Bobong 0.616 (Medium)
8 West Halmahera Jailolo 0.662 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Ternate 0.808 (Very High)
2 Tidore 0.715 (High)

Western New Guinea

West Papua

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Fakfak Fakfak 0.691 (Medium)
2 Kaimana Kaimana 0.661 (Medium)
3 Manokwari Manokwari 0.726 (High)
4 Arfak Mountains Anggi 0.570 (Medium)
5 South Manokwari Ransiki 0.606 (Medium)
6 Teluk Bintuni Bintuni 0.652 (Medium)
7 Teluk Wondama Rasiei 0.608 (Medium)

Papua

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Biak Numfor Biak 0.728 (High)
2 Jayapura Sentani 0.726 (High)
3 Keerom Waris 0.672 (Medium)
4 Mamberamo Raya Burmeso 0.531 (Low)
5 Sarmi Sarmi 0.648 (Medium)
6 Supiori Sorendiweri 0.636 (Medium)
7 Waropen Botawa 0.656 (Medium)
8 Yapen Islands Serui 0.684 (Medium)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Jayapura 0.806 (Very High)

Highland Papua

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Central Mamberamo Kobakma 0.492 (Low)
2 Jayawijaya Wamena 0.596 (Medium)
3 Lanny Jaya Tiom 0.496 (Low)
4 Nduga Kenyam 0.341 (Low)
5 Pegunungan Bintang Oksibil 0.472 (Low)
6 Tolikara Karubaga 0.505 (Low)
7 Yahukimo Dekai 0.502 (Low)
8 Yalimo Elelim 0.499 (Low)

Central Papua

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Deiyai Waghete 0.504 (Low)
2 Dogiyai Kigamani 0.557 (Medium)
3 Intan Jaya Sugapa 0.492 (Low)
4 Mimika Timika 0.750 (High)
5 Nabire Nabire 0.699 (Medium)
6 Paniai Enarotali 0.571 (Medium)
7 Puncak Ilaga 0.438 (Low)
8 Puncak Jaya Mulia 0.498 (Low)

South Papua

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Asmat Agats 0.522 (Low)
2 Boven Digoel Tanah Merah 0.625 (Medium)
3 Mappi Kepi 0.596 (Medium)
4 Merauke Merauke 0.712 (High)

Southwest Papua

NoRegency Capital HDI (2022) [5]
1 Maybrat Kumurkek 0.604 (Medium)
2 Raja Ampat Waisai 0.646 (Medium)
3 Sorong Aimas 0.666 (Medium)
4 South Sorong Teminabuan 0.630 (Medium)
5 Tambrauw Fef 0.546 (Low)
NoCity HDI (2022) [5]
1 Sorong 0.789 (High)

Superlatives

Superlatives of cities can be found at Indonesian Wikipedia articles Daftar kota di Indonesia menurut jumlah penduduk and Daftar kota di Indonesia menurut luas wilayah. Although the least populated regency in Indonesia according to various sources is said to be Tana Tidung Regency in North Kalimantan, [6] Supiori Regency in Papua is included here instead because it has a smaller population of about 23 thousand people compared to 28 thousand people of Tana Tidung Regency.

RegenciesProvinceCitiesProvince
Largest by area Merauke Regency [ citation needed ]South Papua Palangka Raya Central Kalimantan
Smallest by area Administrative Regency of Thousand Islands [ citation needed ]Jakarta Sibolga [7] North Sumatra
Largest by population Bogor Regency [8] West Java East Jakarta Jakarta
Smallest by population Supiori Regency [9] Papua Sabang Aceh

Subdivision splits

Following the Regional Autonomy Act (Indonesian : Undang-Undang Otonomi Daerah) of 1999, many regencies have been split to create additional regencies and cities, the number of such divisions were thus increased to 514. However, these territorial splits can sometimes lead into corruption cases. [10] As of early 2024, further proposals for territorial splits are still under a moratorium. [11]

The latest new regencies split from existing regencies were South Buton Regency, Central Buton Regency and West Muna Regency in July 2014, while the latest cities were South Tangerang and Gunungsitoli in October 2008. There are no cities which have been split into other subdivisions, although the administrative regency of Thousand Islands was split from North Jakarta administrative city in 2001. Despite the name of South Tangerang being similar to that of Tangerang city, South Tangerang was actually split from Tangerang Regency.

In two special cases, all subdivisions of North Maluku and Riau Islands were made from parts of the defunct North Maluku Regency and Riau Islands Regency, respectively. All subdivisions of North Kalimantan are also made from lands of Bulungan Regency, but its area was split to several regencies before the province was established. Central Java (since 1965) and the Special Region of Yogyakarta (apart from the separation of the Thousand Islands Administrative Regency from North Jakarta City) are the only province-level areas which have not had any subdivision splits. Listed below are the subdivision splits from 1999 to the most recent ones in 2014; for pre-1999 splits see also main article in Indonesian Wikipedia.

2014

Southeast Sulawesi

2013

South Sumatra

Central Sulawesi

Southeast Sulawesi

2012

South Sumatra

East Nusa Tenggara

East Kalimantan

Central Sulawesi

West Sulawesi

Southeast Sulawesi

North Maluku

Lampung

West Java

West Papua

2008

North Sumatra

Jambi

Riau

Bengkulu

Lampung

Riau Islands

Banten

West Nusa Tenggara

East Nusa Tenggara

North Sulawesi

Central Sulawesi

South Sulawesi

Maluku

North Maluku

West Papua

Papua

2007

Aceh

North Sumatra

South Sumatra

Lampung

Banten

West Java

East Nusa Tenggara

West Kalimantan

North Kalimantan

North Sulawesi

Gorontalo

Southeast Sulawesi

Maluku

Papua

2003

Aceh

North Sumatra

West Sumatra

Riau Islands

Bengkulu

South Sumatra

Bangka Belitung Islands

West Nusa Tenggara

East Nusa Tenggara

West Kalimantan

South Kalimantan

North Sulawesi

Gorontalo

Central Sulawesi

West Sulawesi

South Sulawesi

Southeast Sulawesi

Maluku

North Maluku

Papua

2002

Aceh

West Sumatra

South Sumatra

West Java

West Nusa Tenggara

Central Kalimantan

East Kalimantan

North Sulawesi

Central Sulawesi

West Sulawesi

South Sulawesi

West Papua

(including current Southwest Papua province)

Papua

(including current Highland Papua and South Papua provinces)

2001

Aceh

North Sumatra

Riau Islands

South Sumatra

DKI Jakarta

West Java

East Java

West Kalimantan

Southeast Sulawesi

1999

Aceh

West Sumatra

Riau

(including the current Riau Islands Province, separated in 2002)

Jambi

Lampung

West Java

(including current Banten Province, created 2000)

East Nusa Tenggara

West Kalimantan

South Kalimantan

East Kalimantan

(including current North Kalimantan Regency)

Gorontalo

Central Sulawesi

South Sulawesi

Maluku

North Maluku

West Papua

(in current Southwest Papua province)

Papua

(all in current Central Papua province)

Former regencies

Regencies of East Timor Province c. 1990s Propinsi Timor Timur. LOC 97682212.jpg
Regencies of East Timor Province c. 1990s
Emblem of Kutai Regency, until the regency was renamed to Kutai Kartanegara Regency in 2002. Logo Kutai Lama.png
Emblem of Kutai Regency, until the regency was renamed to Kutai Kartanegara Regency in 2002.

These regencies are defunct by splitting its lands together, or renamed.[ citation needed ] This list does not include colonial-era regencies, or former regencies of the former province of East Timor.

Former regency's nameFate
Toba Samosir Regency (−2020)Renamed to Toba Regency
Western Southeast Maluku Regency (1999–2019)Renamed to Tanimbar Islands Regency
North Mamuju Regency (2003–2018)Renamed to Pasangkayu Regency
Pontianak Regency (−2014)Renamed to Mempawah Regency
Riau Islands Regency (−2006)Split into 3 in 1999 and one each in 2001 and 2003, later changed name to Bintan Regency
North Maluku Regency (−2003)Split into 4 regencies and cities
Kutai Regency (−2002)Split into 4 regencies and cities in 1999, later renamed to Kutai Kartanegara Regency
Sarolangun Bangko Regency (−1999)Split into Sarolangun Regency and Merangin Regency
Bungo Tebo Regency (−1999)Split into Bungo Regency and Tebo Regency
Tanjung Jabung Regency (−1999)Split into West Tanjung Jabung Regency and East Tanjung Jabung Regency
Buol Toli-Toli Regency (−1999)Split into Buol Regency and Toli-Toli Regency
Adikarto Regency (−1951)Merged into Kulon Progo Regency
Hulu Sungai Regency (−1959)Split into South Hulu Sungai Regency, Central Hulu Sungai Regency and North Hulu Sungai Regency
Barito Regency (−1959)Split into North Barito Regency and South Barito Regency
Kotawaringin Regency (−1959)Split into West Kotawaringin Regency and East Kotawaringin Regency

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Sulawesi</span> Province of Indonesia

North Sulawesi is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the Minahasa Peninsula of the island of Sulawesi, south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah, Malaysia. It borders the Philippine province of Davao Occidental and Soccsksargen regions of the Philippines to the north, the Maluku Sea to the east, Gorontalo and Celebes Sea to the west and the Gulf of Tomini to the southwest. With the outlying island of Miangas to its north, it is the northernmost island of Indonesia. The province's area is 14,500.28 square kilometres (5,598.59 sq mi), and its population was 2,270,596 according to the 2010 census; this rose to 2,621,923 at the 2020 Census, while the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 2,659,543. North Sulawesi is known as a heaven for divers around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southeast Sulawesi</span> Province of Indonesia

Southeast Sulawesi, is a province on the island of Sulawesi, forming the southeastern peninsula of that island, together with a number of substantial offshore islands such as Buton, Muna, Kabaena and Wawonii, together with many smaller islands. It is bordered by South Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi to the north, sharing a maritime border with Maluku and North Maluku to the east and East Nusa Tenggara to the south, as well a very narrow maritime border with East Timor to the south. The capital is the city of Kendari, on the east coast of the peninsula.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maluku (province)</span> Province of Indonesia

Maluku is a province of Indonesia. It comprises the central and southern regions of the Maluku Islands. The largest city and capital of Maluku province is Ambon on the small Ambon Island. It is directly adjacent to North Maluku, Southwest Papua, and West Papua in the north, Central Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi in the west, Banda Sea, Australia, East Timor and East Nusa Tenggara in the south and Arafura Sea, Central Papua and South Papua in the east. The land area is 46,150.92 km2, and the total population of this province at the 2010 census was 1,533,506 people, rising to 1,848,923 at the 2020 census, the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 1,881,727. Maluku is located in Eastern Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nias</span> Island off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia

Nias is an island located off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Nias is also the name of the archipelago of which the island is the centre, but also includes the Batu Islands to the southeast and the small Hinako Islands to the west. Nias Island covers an area of 5,573.27 km2 (2,151.85 sq mi). It is mostly a lowland area rising to around 800 m (2,600 ft) above sea level. There were 756,338 inhabitants on the island at the 2010 Census; at the 2015 Intermediate Census this had risen to 798,506 and the 2020 Census resulted in a total of 880,550. The official estimate as of mid-2023 was 930,294.

In Indonesia, village or subdistrict is the fourth-level subdivision and the smallest administrative division of Indonesia below a district, regency/city, and province. Similar administrative divisions outside of Indonesia include barangays in the Philippines, Muban in Thailand, civil townships and incorporated municipalities in the United States and Canada, communes in France and Vietnam, dehestan in Iran, hromada in Ukraine, Gemeinden in Germany, comuni in Italy, or municipios in Spain. The UK equivalent are civil parishes in England and communities in Wales. There are a number of names and types for villages in Indonesia, with desa being the most frequently used for regencies, and kelurahan for cities or for those communities within regencies which have town characteristics. According to the 2019 report by the Ministry of Home Affairs, there are 8,488 urban villages and 74,953 rural villages in Indonesia. North Aceh Regency contained the highest number of rural villages (852) amongst all of the regencies of Indonesia, followed by Pidie Regency with 730 rural villages and Bireuen Regency with 609 rural villages. Prabumulih, with only 12 rural villages, contained the fewest. Counted together, the sixteen regencies of Indonesia containing the most rural villages—namely, North Aceh (852), Pidie (730), Bireuen (609), Aceh Besar (604), Tolikara (541), East Aceh (513), Yahukimo (510), Purworejo (469), Lamongan (462), South Nias (459), Kebumen (449), Garut (421), Bojonegoro (419), Bogor (416), Cirebon (412), and Pati (401)—contain one-third of all the rural villages in Indonesia. Five of these are located in Aceh, two in Highland Papua, three in Central Java, two in East Java, three in West Java, and one in North Sumatra. An average number of rural villages in the regencies and 15 cities of Indonesia is 172 villages. A village is the lowest administrative division in Indonesia, and it is the lowest of the four levels. A village is usually divided into a number of hamlets, and there are 252,315 hamlets in Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telephone numbers in Indonesia</span>

Telephone numbers in Indonesia have different systems for land lines and mobile phones: land lines use area codes, while mobile phones do not.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Aceh Regency</span> Regency in Sumatra, Indonesia

South Aceh Regency is a regency in the Aceh province of Indonesia. It is located on the west coast of the island of Sumatra. The regency covers an area of 4,173.82 square kilometres and had a population of 202,251 at the 2010 Census, 224,588 in 2015 and 232,414 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 239,475 . Its population density was thus 48.5 inhabitants/km2 at the 2010 census, 53.8 inhabitants/km2 in 2015, 55.7 inhabitants/km2 at the 2020 census, and 57.4 inhabitants/km2 in mid 2023. The seat of the regency government is at Tapaktuan.

This is an article about the extreme points of Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of Indonesia</span> Overview of and topical guide to Indonesia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Indonesia:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Index of Indonesia-related articles</span> List of Indonesia-related articles

The following is an alphabetical list of topics related to the Republic of Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southeast Maluku Regency</span> Regency in Maluku, Indonesia

Southeast Maluku Regency is a regency of Maluku, Indonesia. It is coincident with the Kei Islands, except that the city of Tual, although within the Kei Islands geographically and the seat of the Regency's administration, is since 17 July 2007 technically independent of the Regency. The land area of the Regency is 1,016.64 km2, while the sea area administered by the Regency was 3,181 km2; it had a population of 96,442 at the 2010 Census; this increased to 121,511 at the 2020 Census, and the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 124,199.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raja Ampat Regency</span> Regency in Southwest Papua, Indonesia

Raja Ampat Regency is a regency of Southwest Papua Province of Indonesia. The regency, which was formed by separating the archipelago from Sorong Regency, based on the Law 26 of 2002, was inaugurated on 12 April 2003. It consists of a number of groups of islands situated off the north-west end of West Papua; the four main islands from south to north are Misool, Salawati, Batanta, and Waigeo. At present, the regency covers a land area of 7,559.60 km2, with a total area stated as 67,379.61 km2. It had a population of 42,508 at the 2010 Census and 64,141 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 66,839. The principal town lies at Waisai on Waigeo Island.

This is a list of emblems or coat of arms used in Indonesia. Indonesia is divided into 38 provinces, and each province is divided into regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota). There are 416 regencies and 98 cities. Each province, regency, and city has its own emblem.

In Indonesian law, the term "city" is generally defined as the second-level administrative subdivision of the Republic of Indonesia, an equivalent to regency. The difference between a city and a regency is that a city has non-agricultural economic activities and a dense urban population, while a regency comprises predominantly rural areas and is larger in area than a city. However, Indonesia historically had several classifications of cities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southwest Papua</span> Province with special status

Southwest Papua is the 38th province of Indonesia to be created, and was split off from West Papua on 8 December 2022. Despite being named southwest, it is a misnomer and this province is actually located in the northwest edge of Papua. The province comprises the Greater Sorong area which consists of Sorong City, Sorong Regency, South Sorong Regency, Maybrat Regency, Tambrauw Regency, and Raja Ampat Regency. The Bill (RUU) on the Establishment of the Southwest Papua Province was passed into law and therefore it became the 38th province in Indonesia.

References

  1. ↑ Turner, Mark; Owen Podger; Maria S. Sumardjono; Wayan K. Tirthayasa (2003). Decentralisation in Indonesia: redesigning the state. Australian National University. Asia Pacific School of Economics and Government. ISBN   0-7315-3697-5.
  2. ↑ Indonesia – The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2013
  3. ↑ Kode Pos Indonesia
  4. ↑ "Profil Daerah (Regional profiles)". Indonesian Ministry of Interior.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Setiawan, I Nyoman; Kristiani, Synthia Natalia; Nurarifin; Delyana, Syukriyah; Setyawati, Nia; Arsyi, Farhan Anshari (16 May 2023). Winardi, Wisnu; Karyono, Yoyo; Mutijo; Santoso, Dimas Hari (eds.). Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2022. Statistics Indonesia. ISSN   2086-2369 . Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  6. ↑ "Penduduk Kabupaten Bogor Terbanyak, Tana Tidung Tersedikit". CNN Indonesia . 14 August 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  7. ↑ Meidinata, Nugroho (9 February 2021). "15 Kota Terkecil di Indonesia, Solo Masuk Urutan Berapa?". Solopos. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  8. ↑ "Kabupaten Bogor Berpenduduk Terbanyak Se-Indonesia". opendata.jabarprov.go.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  9. ↑ "Rilis Data Kemendagri: Jumlah Penduduk Jabar Terbanyak, Kaltara Tersedikit". dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id (in Indonesian). 24 February 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  10. ↑ Amrullah, Amri (26 July 2016). "Daerah Pemekaran Sering Jadi Ladang Korupsi". Republika. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  11. ↑ Ninditya, Fransiska (7 December 2020). "Moratorium pemekaran daerah di tengah pandemi" [A moratorium on regional expansion amidst the pandemic]. Antaranews. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
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